Ad-hOSM转基因饲养层细胞对脐血CD34~+造血干/祖细胞增殖及归巢能力的影响

目的:建立转人抑瘤素M(hOSM)基因腺病毒载体的饲养层细胞,观察转基因细胞对脐血CD34+造血干/祖细胞扩增的影响,比较扩增前、后造血干/祖细胞体外迁移能力的变化。方法:建立转hOSM基因腺病毒载体的饲养层细胞,并用RT-PCR法和ELISA法鉴定目的基因;采用免疫磁珠法分离脐带血CD34+造血干/祖细胞,流式细胞术(FCM)检测纯度;将CD34+造血干/祖细胞与饲养层细胞共培养,FCM检测各组增殖效果;扩增后的造血干/祖细胞用跨膜迁移实验(Transwell实验)检测自发迁移率和SDF-1诱导迁移率以鉴定体外扩增的造血干/祖细胞的归巢能力。结果:建立的转基因饲养层细胞均有绿色荧光,RT-PCR法和ELISA法证实有目的基因表达,免疫磁珠法分离的脐血CD34+造血干/祖细胞纯度可达(96.8±2.28)%,与Ad-hOSM转基因饲养层细胞共培养7 d后CD34+造血干/祖细胞可扩增15.73倍,表面黏附分子CXCR4和CD54表达量仍较高,培养后的细胞用Tran-swell板做体外迁移实验,与转基因饲养层细胞共培养的干细胞,其诱导迁移率为(40.68±1.35)%,明显高于对照组,可以较好的保持其归巢能力。结论:转hOSM基因腺病毒载体的饲养层细胞可有效扩增脐血CD34+造血干/祖细胞,延缓其分化,并且体外扩增后仍保持较高的归巢能力。     

CD34~＋造血干/祖细胞在转hLIF基因腺病毒载体饲养层细胞中的扩增及其移植SCID小鼠的实验研究

目的:建立转hLIF基因腺病毒载体的饲养层细胞,观察对CD34+造血干/祖细胞的扩增作用,并研究移植辐射损伤模型SCID小鼠的效果.方法:建立转hLIF基因腺病毒载体的饲养层细胞,并用RT-PCR法鉴定目的基因;采用免疫磁珠法分离脐带血CD34+造血干/祖细胞,流式细胞术检测纯度;将CD34+造血干/祖细胞与饲养层细胞共培养,流式细胞术检测各组增殖效果,建立辐射损伤模型SCID小鼠,将扩增后的CD34+造血干/祖细胞经CFDA SE荧光标记后移植入SCID小鼠体内,通过RT-PCR和观察荧光标记细胞来检测小鼠内的人源细胞.结果:建立的转基因饲养层细胞均有绿色荧光,RT-PCR法证实有目的基因表达,免疫磁珠法分离的CD34+造血干/祖细胞纯度可达(95.6±2.58)%,与饲养层细胞共培养后CD34+造血干/祖细胞可扩增13.2倍,表面粘附分子CXCR4和CD54表达量仍较高,移植入SCID小鼠四周后,仍可见带有荧光标记的人源细胞,RT-PCR证明人源基因Alu的存在.结论:建立的转hLIF基因腺病毒载体饲养层细胞可以有效地扩增CD34+造血干/祖细胞,延缓其分化,并且有较高的移植效率和造血活性.     

人参总皂甙体外诱导CD34+造血干/祖细胞增殖的作用

目的：探讨人参总皂甙(TSPG)协同造血生长因子体外诱导CD34~ 造血干/祖细胞(HSC/HPC)增殖的作用。方法：收集人脐血细胞,采用Stemsep TM干细胞分选系统分离纯化CD34~ HSC/HPC,经不同剂量TSPG加入不同造血生长因子组合进行培养,检测细胞总数、CD34~ 细胞及集落形成细胞总数(CFCs)的变化。结果：TSPG 10、20、50和70μg/ml均可不同程度地提高细胞总数、CFCs和CD34~ 细胞扩增倍数,TSPG 50μg/ml是最佳刺激浓度,可使细胞总数、CFCs和CD34~ 细胞分别增至(2470．50±79．96)倍、(53．96±4．29)倍和(21．86士3．09)倍。结论：合适剂量的TSPG能够促进CD34~ 造血干/祖细胞体外增殖。     

转基因饲养层细胞体外促进脐带血CD34+HSPC增殖

hOSM基因饲养层细胞可以有效地扩增CD34+HSPC,并维持其较高的移植效率和造血活性.     

SCID小鼠在脐血造血干/祖细胞移植研究中的应用

严重联合免疫缺陷 (SCID)小鼠是研究人造血干细胞增殖分化的一个理想的体内试验模型 ,近年来脐血造血干 /祖细胞体外扩增的研究成为干细胞移植领域备受关注的课题 ,通过采用有效的体内试验模型来进一步深入了解扩增后脐血造血细胞的移植潜能和造血活性。本文就SCID小鼠在脐血造血干 /祖细胞体外扩增和移植中应用作一综述     

014 SCID小鼠在脐血造血干/祖细胞移植研究中的应用

严重联合免疫缺陷(SCID)小鼠是研究人造血干细胞增殖分化的一个理想的体内试验模型,近年来脐血造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的研究成为干细胞移植领域备受关注的课题,通过采用有效的体内试验模型来进一步深入了解扩增后脐血造血细胞的移植潜能和造血活性.本文就SCID小鼠在脐血造血干/祖细胞体外扩增和移植中应用作一综述.     

脐血CD34+造血干/祖细胞基因表达图谱的研究

目的：通过脐血CD34^＋造血干／祖细胞的基因表达分析，理解造血干／祖细胞生物学特性。方法：利用MiniMACS免疫磁珠法从脐血细胞中分离CD34^＋造血干／祖细胞，提取总RNA，用SMART-PCR技术从微量RNA中扩增产生足够量的cDNA用于高密度点阵膜分析检测CD34^＋造血干／祖细胞表达的基因。结果：在所检测的588个基因中，发现63个基因具有显著的表达水平，其中18个基因强表达。这些基因主要涉及造血干细胞增殖、分化、应激响应、凋亡、转录调节以及细胞周期等。结论：对理解脐血干／祖细胞生物学性质以及指导造血干细胞体外培养提供了分子生物学基础。     

Ad-LIF-OSM双基因转染饲养细胞对脐血造血细胞体外增殖和分化的影响

目的 构建表达人白血病抑制因子(LIF)和抑瘤素M(OSM)双基因的WI-38人胚肺成纤维细胞,并以此细胞作为饲养层细胞观察其对CD34+.造血干/祖细胞体外增殖和分化的影响.方法 以双启动子转移载体pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA+promoterΔ为基础,将OSM基因片段酶切后插入,构建出转移质粒pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA+promoterΔ -OSM.将构建正确的转移质粒与腺病毒骨架质粒共转化,获得重组腺病毒载体pAdEasy-1-pAdTrack-CMV-LIF-polyA+promoter△-OSM,通过包装,收获重组腺病毒(AdLIF-OSM).将重组腺病毒感染饲养层细胞,经RT-PCR、ELISA法检测外源基因在细胞中的表达;体外与CD34+造血干/祖细胞共培养后,通过Transwell法和细胞计数检测,比较各实验组干/祖细胞体外扩增与分化情况.结果 测序结果显示重组载体中的LIF和OSM基因序列正确;转基因饲养层细胞中能检测到外源LIF和OSM基因的转录和表达;外源LIF和OSM基因在造血干/祖细胞体外培养中能够发挥作用.结论 成功构建携带人LIF和OSM的双基因重组腺病毒载体(Ad-LIF-OSM),Ad-LIF-OSM在造血干/祖细胞体外培养的过程中能够有效地扩增CD34+造血干/祖细胞,并延缓其分化.     

造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的最新研究进展

造血干/祖细胞体外扩增方法的快速发展为造血于/祖细胞广泛应用于临床开辟了广阔的前景,就造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的方法和培养系统的最新进展做一综述.     

造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的最新研究进展

造血干/祖细胞体外扩增方法的快速发展为造血干/祖细胞广泛应用于临床开辟了广阔的前景,就造血干/祖细胞体外扩增的方法和培养系统的最新进展做一综述。     

使用抗氧化剂调控胞内的ROS对脐血CD34^＋细胞体外扩增特性的影响

目的:使用抗氧化剂调控胞内活性氧物质(ROS)水平, 考察其对脐血CD34 细胞体外扩增特性的影响.方法:在体外培养过程中, 分别采用超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)或N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)3种抗氧化剂降低脐血CD34 细胞内的ROS水平, 研究了CD34 细胞在抗氧化剂清除ROS后的体外扩增特性.结果:体外培养时细胞因子的应用会使细胞内的ROS水平显著上升.3种抗氧化剂均能有效地清除细胞内ROS, 且清除程度随使用剂量的改变而变化.在培养体系中添加2 000 U/mL SOD、 200 U/mL CAT 或2 mmol/L NAC, 扩增后培养物中CD34 细胞及CD34 CD38-细胞的比例、 集落生成细胞的密度均有明显提高, 但对CD34 细胞扩增倍数影响不大; 而加入8 000 U/mL SOD、 1 000 U/mL CAT 或5 mmol/L NAC, 抑制CD34 细胞的扩增能力.结论:采用细胞因子体外扩增脐血CD34 细胞时, 使用低剂量的抗氧化剂适度清除细胞内的ROS, 明显提高培养物中造血干/祖细胞的含量, 同时并不影响扩增后CD34 细胞的再扩增能力.     

早期作用造血因子对人脐血CD34+细胞的体个扩增作用

为了观察早期作用造血细胞因子SCF、FL、IL-3、IL-6、TPO单独及联合应用,对脐血CD34+细胞的体外扩增作用.我们用吸附单克隆抗体-磁珠分离系统富集人脐血CD34+细胞,在体外液体培养体系中加入不同的细胞因子扩增4周,每周取样计数有核细胞总数及集落形成细胞(CFC)数.结果表明:用磁性细胞分离仪富集脐血CD34+细胞纯度为80%～87%;一些细胞因子有明显的协同效应,其联合应用的扩增作用显著高于单因子作用;SCF+FL存在下,IL-3是有效扩增有核细胞总数及CFC的关键因子;细胞因子SCF+FL+IL-3和SCF+FL+IL-3+IL-6组合对有核细胞总数及CFC均有良好的扩增效应,培养2周时对CFC的扩增倍数分别为38.3±4.4 和29.6±2.7倍,可满足成人移植及基因治疗等的需要.     

转JAK2基因脐血CD34+细胞体外扩增与生物学特性研究

目的： 探讨转基因JAK2介导的脐血干祖细胞长期扩增调控的可行性和转基因细胞的生物学特征。方法: 构建逆转录病毒载体MGI-F₂JAK2，内含有JAK2基因的功能催化区和2个与小分子靶向基因合成药物(AP20187)结合的位点蛋白(F36v，F₂)。应用MiniMACS磁珠分选系统纯化分离脐血CD34⁺细胞，用含JAK2的逆转录病毒上清转染脐血CD34⁺细胞。转染后的CD34⁺细胞在IMDM培养体系中，将细胞分为AP20187组;FL组；TPO组；AP20187+FL+TPO (AFT) 组。对扩增后的细胞定期检测基因转移后GFP动态变化、细胞免疫标记、造血祖细胞集落培养、染色体核型分析和裸鼠致瘤实验。结果: 分选的CD34⁺细胞纯度>91%，基因转移率为49.32%±6.21%；只有AP20187+FL+TPO组可以使转基因的脐血CD34⁺细胞大量增殖，扩增至第8周时细胞数达10⁹，CD34⁺细胞GFP的阳性率由基线水平逐渐上升并于第8周时达到90%以上；细胞表型为CD33⁺、CD61⁺、Gly-A⁺部分阳性；CD38⁺、HLA-DR⁺强阳性；CD2、CD7、CD19接近阴性。扩增的CD34+细胞可分别形成BFU-E、CFU-GM、CFU-Mix并以CFU-GM集落为主。扩增后CD34⁺细胞检测染色体核型正常，裸鼠实验无致瘤特性。结论: 转染JAK2 基因的人脐血CD34⁺细胞协同FL和TPO细胞因子可以体外长期扩增脐血干祖细胞，对今后研究细胞信号转导、造血调控以及开展干细胞和基因治疗都有潜在的应用价值。     

Cytokine-induced expansion of human CD34+ stem/progenitor and CD34+CD41+ early megakaryocytic marrow cells cultured on normal osteoblasts

Thrombocytopenia remains a significant cause of morbidity in cancer patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), which consumes millions each year for frequent platelet transfusions. Using a novel culture system containing appropriate cytokine(s) on a layer of normal human osteoblasts, we investigated the expansion of early megakaryocytic progenitor cells while maintaining the number of CD34+ stem/progenitor marrow cells in an attempt to provide an effective solution for the problem of post-transplant thrombocytopenia. After seven days of culture, normal human osteoblasts alone without cytokines significantly increased the number of CD34+ and CD34+CD41+ marrow cells. Among the various cytokine combinations tested, both stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3)+IL-11 and SCF+IL-3+IL-11+thrombopoietin (TPO) emerged as the most effective in expanding early CD34+CD41+ megakaryocytic cells. Early CD34+CD41+ megakaryocytic cells have increased by 3.1- and 4.7-fold compared with day 7 control cultures, and by 62- and 94-fold, respectively, compared with day 0 input, respectively. Also, late CD41+ megakaryocytic cells have increased by 15.4- and 27.5-fold compared with day 7 control cultures in the presence of the same two combinations. In addition, the same cytokine combinations achieved 17.6- and 13.3-fold increases in the number of CD34+ marrow cells after the same seven days of culture on a layer of human osteoblasts. The combination (SCF+IL-3+IL-11+TPO) achieved the highest expansion of CD34+CD41+ early megakaryocytic cells from human marrow CD34+ cells reported so far in the literature. Recently, transplantation of SCF+IL-1+IL-3+TPO ex vivo expanded megakaryocytic progenitor cells as a supplement has been shown to accelerate platelet recovery by three to five days in mice. Therefore, the clinical use of the combination (SCF+IL-3+IL-11+TPO) for ex vivo expansion of CD34+ and megakaryocytic progenitor cells from a portion of the donor's marrow harvest is warranted in allogeneic BMT. Such a protocol would accelerate platelet recovery and shorten the period of hospitalization after allogeneic BMT. The present study has confirmed the role of human osteoblasts in supporting the proliferation and maintenance of human CD34+ stem/progenitor marrow cells. Given the facilitating role of osteoblasts shown previously in several allogeneic BMT studies in mice, it is possible to envisage a future role for donor osteoblasts in clinical BMT. Transplantation of the cultured donor osteoblasts together with the ex vivo expanded CD34+ marrow cells as a supplement might not only accelerate platelet recovery but also prevent acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic BMT. The present novel culture system should have useful clinical application in allogeneic BMT.     

Microencapsulated feeder cells as a source of soluble factors for expansion of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells

Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood is highly desired for treatment and transplantation of adult patients for hematologic diseases. For efficient proliferation of HSCs, CD34(+) cells from cord blood were co-cultured with microencapsulated murine stromal cells (HESS-5) or immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in their conditioned media (CM). Bioactive substances for HSC proliferation in CM at the onset of culture are likely consumed by HSCs with time, and co-culturing with microencapsulated feeder cells ensures a continuous supply. The cell number of CD34(+) cell progeny efficiently increased under these culture conditions, and progeny were analyzed by flow cytometry, the colony assay and the cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay. Total nucleated cells and CD34(+) cell number increased 194- and 7.4-fold, respectively, in the presence of microencapsulated HESS-5 in CM. Colony forming cells and CAFCs were well maintained. The effective expansion of total cells and maintenance of primitive progenitor cells suggest that transfusion of the progeny obtained from CD34(+) cell culture with microencapsulated HESS-5 in CM could shorten the time to engraftment by bridging the pancytopenic period and support functional hematopoietic repopulation.     

Effect of tresperimus on ex vivo expansion of CD34+CD38(-)-enriched cord blood cells

Tresperimus, an analogue of 15-deoxyspergualine (15-DSG), has been found, in rodents, to induce a potent state of tolerance after organ and bone marrow allografts. In a previous study, we have reported that tresperimus at the optimal concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml supports the clonogenic potential of human cord blood CD34+ cells. Dose dependent inhibition of clonogenesis was also observed with complete reversibility following drug withdrawal. In this study, we tested the effect of 0.5 microgram tresperimus/ml on ex vivo expansion of primitive human cord blood CD34+CD38- cells. Our findings revealed that the total number of expanded cells was decreased in the presence of tresperimus. However, the multipotential and erythroid colonies were significantly increased in the presence of tresperimus compared with control cultures done without the test drug. Progenitor cell morphology was comparable in both test and control cultures. The telomerase activity was consistently lower in tresperimus-treated hematopoietic progenitors than in control cultures. These results suggest that tresperimus preserves primitive CD34+CD38- cells in a state of high potentiality while limiting the total number of their differentiated progeny. Bearing in mind that the test drug supports the clonogenic potential of CD34+ cells, the overall findings emphasize the importance of assessing the effect of tresperimus on in vivo long-term hematopoiesis which could predict the potential clinical use of tresperimus in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow.     

Sustained long-term engraftment and transgene expression of peripheral blood CD34+ cells transduced with third-generation lentiviral vectors

As mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) represents an attractive cell source for gene therapy, we investigated the ability of third-generation lentiviral vectors (LVs) to transfer the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene into MPB CD34(+) cells in culture conditions allowing expansion of transplantable human hematopoietic stem cells. To date, few studies have reported transduction of MPB cells with vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudotyped LVs. The critical issue remains whether primitive, hematopoietic repopulating cells have, indeed, been transduced. In vitro (5 weeks' culture in FLT3 ligand + thrombopoietin + stem cell factor + interleukin 6) and in vivo (serial transplantation in NOD/SCID mice) experiments show that MPB CD34(+) cells can be effectively long-term transduced by LV and maintain their proliferation, self-renewal, and multilineage differentiation potentials. We show that expansion following transduction improves the engraftment of transduced MPB CD34(+) (4.6-fold expansion of SCID repopulating cells by limiting dilution studies). We propose ex vivo expansion after transduction as an effective tool to improve gene therapy protocols with MPB. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.     

Purified canine CD34+Lin- marrow cells transduced with retroviral vectors give rise to long-term multi-lineage hematopoiesis.

Human CD34+ cells have been shown to retain long-term hematopoietic engrafting potential in preclinical and clinical studies. However, recent studies of human and murine CD34- stem cells suggest that these are functionally important early progenitors. Using autologous transplantation, we investigated whether canine CD34 and CD34- marrow cells could be transduced and give rise to long-term hematopoiesis. CD34+Lin- and CD34-Lin- cell populations purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting were separately cocultivated with retroviral vectors LN (CD34+Lin-) and LNY (CD34-Lin-), which carry the neomycin (neo) gene. After myeloablative total body irradiation (920 cGy), 3 dogs received transplants of both CD34+Lin- cells and CD34-Lin- cells and 2 dogs received only CD34-Lin- cells. Untransduced autologous marrow cells were given to ensure hematopoietic recovery. Using CFU-C assays, transduction efficiencies of CD34+Lin- cells ranged from 6% to 18% with no CFU-C formation from CD34-Lin- cells. PCR-based detection of the neo gene from WBCs was used to detect transduced cells weekly after transplantation. Additional PCR studies in 3 dogs given both CD34+Lin- and CD34-Lin- cells were performed on monocytes, granulocytes, and T cells (2 dogs, one at 7.5 months and the other at 9 months) and granulocytes (1 dog at 12 months). LN was detected up to 12 months posttransplantation in WBCs and mono-myeloid and lymphoid populations from 3 dogs receiving transplants of transduced CD34+Lin- cells. LNY was not detected at any time after transplantation in 5 dogs that received transduced CD34-Lin- cells. Whereas canine CD34+Lin- marrow cells contributed to long-term multilineage hematopoiesis, progeny of CD34-Lin- progenitor cells were not detected after transplantation in these experiments.     

Down-regulation of TET2 in CD3+ and CD34+ cells of myelodysplastic syndromes and enhances CD34+ cells proliferation

Aims and background: To investigate the expressions of TET2 mRNA in bone marrow CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and to study the effect of silencing TET2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the biological characteristics of CD34⁺ cells. Methods: CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells were sorted by magnetic activated cell-sorting system from bone marrow of MDS patients and controls. The mRNA expressions of TET2 in bone marrow CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells of 28 MDS patients and 20 controls were detected by qPCR. The silencing effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on TET2 expression in CD34⁺ bone marrow cells of normal control was identified by qPCR and Western blot analysis. The cell cycle kinetics and cell apoptosis were then detected by flow cytometry. Results: The expression of TET2 mRNA in CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells was down-regulated in MDS compared with that in controls [(0.16±0.11) vs. (1.05±0.32) (P<0.001); (0.58±0.26) vs. (1.25±0.94) (P<0.005)]. The siRNA targeting TET2 suppressed the expression of TET2 in normal CD34⁺ cells. Meanwhile, the proliferation activity was significantly enhanced [G0/G1: (87.82±8.25)% vs. (92.65±7.06)% and (93.60±5.54)%, P<0.05; S: (11.50±8.31)% vs. (6.92±7.04)% and (5.95±5.53)%, P<0.05] and the apoptosis rate was declined [(21.28±9.73)% vs. (26.17±9.88)% and (26.20±9.78)%] in the cells which transfected with TET2 siRNA as compared to those in the cells transfected with scrambled siRNA and control cells. Conclusions: The TET2 expression of in CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells of MDS patients was decreased. Suppression of TET2 expression renders the CD34⁺ cells harboring more aggressive phenotype. This preliminary finding suggests that CD34⁺ cells lowering expression of TET2 may play an oncogenic role on myeloid tumor and CD3⁺ T cells of MDS patients may be derived from the malignant clone.