老年2型糖尿病伴冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的临床和影像特点

为了观察老年 2型糖尿病伴冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的临床和影像学特点 ,选择 133例经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者 ,按是否合并 2型糖尿病分为两组 ,进行临床及影像学对照分析 ,结果发现老年冠心病伴 2型糖尿病患者甘油三酯高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低、左室射血分数低 ,冠状动脉病变以 3支血管病变及左主干病变多 ,室壁运动障碍发生率高 ,但侧枝循环丰富。Logistic回归分析显示年龄、高甘油三酯和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为独立危险因素。提示老年 2型糖尿病伴冠心病患者冠状动脉病变以 3支血管病变及左主干病变为主 ,高龄、高甘油三酯和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对老年冠心病伴 2型糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变程度具有重要作用     

老年冠心病的临床研究

对老年人冠心病的研究,可大致分二类,一是研究老年冠心病者病变的特点:冠脉特点、心功能改变特点、症状特点等。二是研究各种药物、非药物治疗(介入、起搏治疗、射频消融)及手术治疗。1老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点1.1冠脉造影病变程度有较多的临床研究表明,用冠状动脉造影技术研究老年冠心病患者冠脉病变特点,可以发现老年组和非老年组在冠脉累及范围和冠脉狭窄程度均不相同,老年患者大部分为多支(3支)病变,狭窄程度以重度、完全闭塞为主,与非老年组比较差异有显著性。≥75岁的高龄老年组与<75岁普通老年组比较,高龄老年组冠脉以左主干…     

老年人左冠状动脉主干病变的临床分析

目的:对比老年人和非老年人左冠状动脉主干(LM)狭窄的临床表现、冠状动脉造影、治疗及预后的特点。方法:回顾性分析121例经冠状动脉造影证实的左主干病变患者的临床资料,其中将年龄≥65岁者为老年组,其余为非老年组。结果:①老年患者左冠状动脉主干狭窄的发生率(5.1%),高于非老年患者(2.3%)。②老年患者危险因素中高血压、糖尿病比非老年组多见,而非老年组吸烟、肥胖、脂质异常者高于老年组。③老年患者急性心肌梗死发生率(28.6%)高于非老年组(17.7%),心力衰竭发病率高、程度重。④老年患者左冠脉主干狭窄以合并多支血管病变为主(90%),并且以合并三支病变者多见。左冠状动脉主干狭窄多位于左主干远端分叉处(79%)。⑤34例(48.6%)老年LM患者和28例(54.9%)非老年患者接受了冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG),术后大部分患者心绞痛消失,症状好转。手术死亡率为2.5%。结论:老年左冠状动脉主干狭窄发生率略高,多伴发糖尿病、高血压,合并有多支血管病变,病情更严重,提示预后更差。无病保护左主干的介入治疗正在兴起,目前CABG仍是最佳治疗手段。     

年龄＞75岁老年患者冠状动脉介入治疗随访研究

目的评价年龄>75岁老年患者冠状动脉介入治疗术后远期效果,了解老年人介入术后的有效性。方法 351例行冠状动脉介入患者,按年龄分为普通老年组(≤75岁,n=180)和>75岁老年组(n=171),了解年龄>75岁患者一般临床资料、冠状动脉造影情况、冠状动脉介入术后1年心肌梗死发生率、再次冠状动脉介入率及不良事件发生率等。结果 >75岁老年组高血压、糖尿病患病率升高(P<0.05),冠状动脉病变以多支病变为主(P<0.05),左回旋支和右冠状动脉病变明显高于普通老年组(P<0.05),冠状动脉介入术后心源性病死率、再次冠状动脉介入治疗率、冠状动脉搭桥率等明显高于普通老年组(P<0.05)。结论年龄>75岁患者冠心病多并发高血压、糖尿病等,冠状动脉病变重而且复杂,冠状动脉介入治疗术后心血管发生率升高,不能减少远期死亡率。     

80岁以上冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变分析

目的 研究80岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉造影的影像学特点.方法 收集150例诊断为冠心病行行冠状动脉造影的80岁以上患者的临床资料和冠状动脉造影结果,分析患者的合并疾病,冠状动脉病变部位、支数和狭窄程度,危险因素,危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.结果 高血压是最主要的合并症(72.7%),冠状动脉以多支病变为主(66.9%),病变血管平均3.08支/人.冠状动脉重度以上狭窄58.1%.糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死病史、脑梗塞在不同病变支数分组中差异显著(P＜0. 05).单支病变、多支病变、左主干病变、前降支病变、右冠状动脉病变的比例与危险因素的数量有关(P＜0. 05).结论 糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死病史、脑梗塞是80岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的危险因素.     

中青年与老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征比较

目的分析中青年和老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征及冠脉病变特点。方法将该院心血管科收治行冠脉造影的男性冠心病患者分为中青年组及老年组,比较两组冠心病危险因素及冠脉病变特点。结果中青年冠心病组患者心肌梗死、吸烟、阳性冠心病家族史比例明显高于老年冠心病组患者(P0.01)。老年冠心病组患者心绞痛、糖尿病、脑卒中比例明显高于中青年冠心病组患者(P0.05)。中青年冠心病组患者中甘油三酯水平高于老年组冠心病患者(P0.05)。老年组冠心病患者尿酸水平高于中青年组冠心病患者(P0.01)。中青年组冠状动脉病变主要为单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变,老年组主要为多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变,两组比较有统计学意义(P0.01)。老年组侧支循环建立的比例高于中青年组(P0.01)。吸烟是中青年患者冠心病发生的独立险因素(P=0.012,回归系数β=1.379,OR=3.958,95%CI=1.35~11.42)。结论与中青年冠心病患者相比,老年冠心病患者中糖尿病、脑卒中比例较多。吸烟是中青年冠心病发生的独立危险因素。中青年患者以单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变为主,老年患者以多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变为主。老年患者冠脉侧支循环建立较中青年冠心病患者丰富。     

45岁以下冠心病患者临床和冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的 探讨45岁以下冠心病患者的临床和冠状动脉造影特点.方法 选择2006年4月-2010年5月在本院住院治疗的冠心病患者1 795例,从中选出45岁以下冠心病的所有患者175例作为A组.选择2007年4月-2009年4月在本院住院治疗的冠心病患者898例,采取整群抽样方法从中选出60岁以上的冠心病患者464例作为B组,进行对比分析,对45岁以下冠心病的临床以及冠状动脉造影的特点进行分析总结.结果 A组男性、吸烟、吸安纳咖、血脂异常、急性心肌梗死、冠脉造影和冠心病家族史比例均明显高于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而A组高血压病、糖尿病均低于B组(P＜0.01).A组患者单支病变高于B组(P＜0.01),A组单支病变中前降支有50例(87.7%);A组三支病变、双支病变、右冠脉、旋支病变及侧支循环建立比例低于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);左主干病变、前降支病变及冠脉狭窄程度两组间无统计学意义.无意义病变A组高于B组(P＜0.01).结论 45岁以下冠心病患者多数以急性心肌梗死就诊;与男性、吸烟、体力活动少、处于高度紧张和工作压力大、血脂异常及有冠心病家族史者关系密切,冠状动脉造影特点多数为局限性病变;约一半为单支病变,且以前降支单支病变为主;部分患者冠脉造影未见有意义病变,且以心肌梗死为主;2支及3支病变、右冠脉及旋支病变、侧支循环建立比例低于60岁以上冠心病患者;冠脉狭窄程度及前降支病变、左主干病变与60岁以上冠心病患者相似.     

80岁以上冠心病患者临床特点和冠状动脉造影结果分析

目的分析80岁以上冠心病患者的临床特点、危险因素及冠状动脉造影的特点。方法收集150例80岁以上患者的资料,分析患者的并存疾病、冠心病类型、临床症状、冠状动脉病变情况、危险因素及其与病变支数和部位的关系。结果高血压是最主要的并存症（109例,72．7%）,不稳定性心绞痛是冠心病主要类型（90例,60．0%）,冠心病临床症状不典型患者比例为62例（41．3%）。冠状动脉以多支病变为主（87例,66．9%）,前降支病变最多（114例,87．7%）,病变血管平均3．1支/例。冠状动脉重度以上狭窄76例（58．1%）。糖尿病、心肌梗死史、脑梗死在不同病变支数分组中差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。单支病变、多支病变、左主干病变、前降支病变、右冠状动脉病变的比例与危险因素的数量有关（P＜0．05）。结论80岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉病变支数多,狭窄程度严重。糖尿病、心肌梗死史、脑梗死是病变严重程度的危险因素。     

青年冠心病临床分析

目的 探讨青年冠心病患者的心血管危险因素、冠状动脉病变特点与老年冠心病患者的不同点。方法 对56例青年(≤45岁)冠心病患者和66例老年(>60岁)冠心病患者的临床资料(包括冠状动脉造影结果)进行回顾性分析和比较。结果 青年冠心病组吸烟、大量饮酒、肥胖、心血管病家族史明显多于老年组(P<0.001或P<0.01),男性患者多(P=0.008),甘油三酯高(P=0.001)。老年冠心病组糖尿病多(P=0.034),心血管并发症多。青年组多冠状动脉单支病变(P<0.001),老年组多冠状动脉多支病变(P<0.00]),侧支循环多见于老年组。结论 吸烟、大量饮酒、肥胖、心血管病家族史是青年冠心病患者突出的危险因素,不良的生活饮食习惯和遗传因素促使冠心病提早发生。寻求新的无创检查方法筛选青年冠心病的高危人群,做好预防工作,有利于避免或延迟冠心病的发生。     

压力导丝在老年冠状动脉介入治疗中的研究进展

<正>1老年冠心病的特点老年冠心病患者多以冠状动脉左主干病变为主,往往为多支病变。冠状动脉造影(coronary artery angiography,CAG)显示其狭窄程度严重,范围广泛,侧支循环较多。相关危险因素有性别、高胆固醇血症、家族史和年龄。王晋军等[1]对128例冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者的     

冠状动脉侧支循环某些相关因素的临床研究

目的研究冠状动脉侧支循环在冠状动脉完全闭塞与次全闭塞血管病变中的形成情况,观察心肌梗死病史、心肌肥厚及糖尿病对侧支循环形成的影响以及侧支循环对心肌的保护作用。方法回顾分析了我院一年内409例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠状动脉完全或次全闭塞患者,先按有无心肌梗死病史将患者分为两组,对照分析侧支循环形成的良好率,及心功能相关因素方面的差异。再按有无心肌肥厚、有无糖尿病病史分别分为两组,观察其对侧支循环形成的影响。结果冠状动脉完全与次全闭塞对比侧支循环形成的良好率有显著差异。有心肌梗死与无心肌梗死病史两组侧支循环形成的良好率比较无显著差异。两组的左心室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数、室壁运动异常发生率及室壁瘤形成均有显著差异。而有心肌梗死病史者侧支循环良好组与不良组比较左心室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数无差异。有无心肌肥厚对侧支循环形成良好率无差异。有糖尿病史者侧支循环血流良好率明显高于无糖尿病史者,且有显著差异。结论冠状动脉侧支循环的开放依赖于冠状动脉血管的完全或次全闭塞。冠状动脉缓慢闭塞下形成的侧支循环对心肌、心功能有保护作用。糖尿病有利于侧支循环的发展。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度及其侧支循环对左室舒张功能的影响

目的　探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度及侧支循环对左室舒张功能 (LVDF)的影响。方法　 6 8例选择性冠状动脉造影主要分支狭窄≥ 75 %的老年冠心病患者作Leaman冠状动脉记分 ,左室造影测左室射血分数 (LVEF) ,左室壁运动作Cortina记分 ,经胸多谱勒超声血流仪测LVDF ,研究侧支循环对Leaman冠状动脉记分与LVEF、LVDF及Cortina记分间关系的影响。结果　全组Leaman冠状动脉记分与LVEF及Cortina左室壁运动记分无相关 ,与LVDF相关。有侧支循环建立两亚组LVDF差异无显著性意义 ,无侧支循环建立两亚组LVDF差异有显著性意义。结论　老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与LVDF有关 ,侧支循环的建立对老年冠心病患者的LVDF有保护作用。     

Survival with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Significance of the collateral circulation

Four patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery are described. Angina pectoris was severe (NYHA class 3-4) and had lasted 20 months to seven years. Three patients had experienced a myocardial infarction. All displayed large collaterals arising from a nearly normal right coronary artery and feeding both the left anterior descending and the left circumflex arteries. The left ventricular ejection fractions ranged from 20% to 65%, and all patients had varying degrees of left ventricular asynergy. Coronary artery bypass surgery resulted in a marked improvement in three patients; one patient who underwent an aneurysmectomy died two months after the operation. The data show that total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is compatible with survival if adequate collateral supply develops from the right coronary artery. In this rare angiographic subset collateral circulation is clearly functionally significant.     

Comparison of coronary collateral circulation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients suffering from coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Although it is well established that diabetes mellitus (DM) induces more severe coronary artery disease (CAD), it is not known whether it contributes to the development of coronary collateral circulation. The present study examines coronary collateral circulation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with angiographically verified CAD. METHODS: The study group consisted of 463 diabetic patients (382 men, 81 women) with a mean age of 60.3 +/- 8.8 years, and 227 nondiabetic subjects (159 men, 68 women) with a mean age of 59.2 +/- 9 years. The extension and functional capacity of coronary collateral circulation was assessed according to the Cohen and Rentrop grading system of 0 to III. RESULTS: We found that diabetic patients had grade III collateral circulation more frequently than nondiabetic subjects (13.2 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01). This finding was even more pronounced in diabetic men aged < 55 years compared with both nondiabetic men (20 vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001) and diabetic women (20 vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). Grade III collateral circulation was found to develop mainly at the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and the right coronary artery (RCA), where complete occlusions of coronary arteries usually occur. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients with CAD develop more extensive coronary collateral circulation than nondiabetic subjects, especially men aged < 55 years. The collateral circulation mainly develops at the LAD and RCA.     

Effect of statin treatment on coronary collateral development in patients with diabetes mellitus

Coronary collateral development is an important compensatory mechanism in advanced coronary artery disease, and patients with diabetes mellitus have impaired coronary collateral development. This study tested the hypothesis that statin treatment may increase coronary collateral development in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study population consisted of 149 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary angiography and had >95% stenosis of > or =1 major coronary artery. Clinical information, including age, gender, history of hypertension, smoking, myocardial infarction, clinical presentation, and medications, was recorded before coronary angiography. Coronary collaterals were graded according to the Cohen-Rentrop method. Collateral grading was classified as poor when the collateral grade was 0 to 1 and good when it was 2 to 3. Among 149 patients (85 men; mean age 62 +/- 10 years), 74 (56%) were receiving statin treatment. In multivariate analysis, among demographic, clinical, and angiographic parameters, only statin therapy (odds ratio 3, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 6.03, p = 0.002) and stable angina pectoris (odds ratio 3.24, 95% confidence interval 1.42 to 7.41, p = 0.005) were found to be independent predictors of better collateral formation. In conclusion, stable angina pectoris and statin treatment are associated with better coronary collateral development in patients with diabetes mellitus.     

Coronary collateral circulation in coronary artery disease and systemic hypertension

The extent and functional capacity of coronary collateral circulation in patients with systemic hypertension has not been elucidated. In the present study, 313 patients with coronary artery disease were studied to evaluate coronary collateral circulation in relation to the presence of systemic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients had greater than or equal to 95% diameter luminal obstruction of either the left anterior descending or the right coronary artery. Patients were classified into 2 groups: The hypertensive group consisted of 61 patients, mean age 55 +/- 9 years, with systemic hypertension, and the normotensive group consisted of 252 patients, mean age 53 +/- 8 years, without hypertension. The hypertensive group had more severe angina pectoris and less history of healed myocardial infarction than the normotensive group (p less than 0.001). Left ventricular wall thickness was 1.26 +/- 0.1 cm in the hypertensive and 1.03 +/- 0.06 cm in the normotensive group (p less than 0.001). The hypertensive group had more extensive coronary collateral circulation than the normotensive group (p less than 0.01). There was a positive relation between coronary collateral circulation and left ventricular wall thickness (p less than 0.001). These results indicate that patients with systemic hypertension and coronary artery disease have an increase in coronary collateral circulation corresponding to the degree of left ventricular wall thickness.     

绝经期前女性冠心病患者冠脉病变特点及其危险因素分析

目的：观察绝经期前女性冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉病变特点及其危险因素。方法：入选绝经期前女性冠心病患者102例作为观察组,平均（48.2±7.5）岁,同时入选同年龄段CHD男性及非CHD女性患者各100例作为对照组,所有患者均行常规生化,心电图,超声心动图以及冠状动脉造影检查。结果：与CHD男性患者比较,绝经期前CHD女性有糖尿病史者比例明显升高（18.0%比27.5%）,而吸烟者（31.0%比12.7%）、患ST段抬高心肌梗死比例（15.0%比2.9%）明显减小,左室射血分数（LVEF）明显降低[（59.7±9.8）%比（52.8±8.5）%],C型病变（32.0%比56.9%）,Gensini积分≥40的病例（32.0%比44.1%）明显增多,P均〈0.05。与非CHD女性相比,高血压（32.0%比52.9%）,糖尿病患病率（9.0%比27.5%）及C反应蛋白水平[（11.35±8.35）mg/L比（16.40±6.49）mg/L]明显升高,LVEF[（59.9±5.3）%比（52.8±8.5）%]显著降低,P均〈0.05。结论：绝经期前女性冠心病患者冠状动脉病变较重,临床风险较高。     

Complete obstruction of the common trunk of the left coronary vessel. Observation of a case

A case of complete left main coronary artery obstruction is described. After an anterolateral and inferior subendocardial myocardial infarction, the patient remained symptomatic and underwent an angiographic investigation. Complete left main artery obstruction was disclosed and an important coronary collateral circulation was evidenced. This collaterality explains the absence of extensive transmural myocardial infarction of some patients with left main coronary artery thrombosis.     

Prevalence and significance of coronary collateral circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarct

Angiograms from consecutive and unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied with respect to the prevalence as well as the significance of coronary collateral circulation to myocardium distal to the acute coronary occlusion. METHODS: Coronary angiograms were obtained from 700 consecutive and unselected patients with an acute transmural infarction within 3.7 +/- 3 hours (0.5-12) of symptom onset. No patient had undergone i.v. thrombolysis prior to angiography. Complete and acute vessel occlusion was found in 626/700 patients (89%). Coronary collaterals were detected and graded using Rentrop's classification. The grade of collateral circulation was related to the clinical course after 30 days and to the global and regional left ventricular wall motion. RESULTS: Collaterals were found in 334 patients (69%); 242 patients (38%) had collateral flow grade 2 or 3. Collaterals were demonstrated more frequently in women vs men and in patients with multivessel disease. The prevalence of collaterals was unrelated to age and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Patients who had angiography within 3 hours of symptom onset had collaterals detected less frequently than patients who had angiography beyond 6 hours (66% vs 75%, p < 0.05). No collaterals were found in 17/37 patients (47%) in cardiogenic shock and inferior MI but in only 30/164 patients (18%, p < 0.01) without shock. Global and regional left ventricular wall motion after 2 weeks was unrelated to the degree of coronary collateral circulation during acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Collateral circulation to myocardium distal to an acutely occluded coronary artery is detected in 2/3 patients during the acute infarct phase. The absence of collaterals is related to the early occurrence of cardiogenic shock in patients with inferior MI but not to the presence of diabetes mellitus. After direct angioplasty of the infarct vessel, the protective effects of coronary collaterals on chronic LV function remain uncertain.