急性冠脉综合征患者并发焦虑障碍与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者并发焦虑障碍患者焦虑评分与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的关系。方法:180例ACS患者采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)测试评分,分为焦虑组和非焦虑组,并行冠状动脉造影检查及心脏彩超检查测左室射血分数(LVEF),对冠状动脉病变狭窄程度进行Gensini评分,分析SAS评分与ACS患者冠状动脉病变评分(Gensini评分)的关系。结果:根据SAS评分将ACS患者分为无焦虑组82例,焦虑组98例(轻度焦虑54例,中度30例,重度14例)。焦虑组冠状动脉病变评分(Gensini评分)为(36±22)分,显著高于无焦虑组Gensini评分(25±13)分(P<0.01)。SAS评分与冠状动脉病变Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.36,P<0.01)。结论:ACS患者焦虑障碍程度与冠脉病变狭窄程度相关。     

Association between serum paraoxonase activity and oxidative stress in acute coronary syndromes

OBJECTIVE: The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to have a central role in atherogenesis. Under oxidative stress not only LDL, but all other serum lipids are exposed to oxidation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase (PON1) was shown to inhibit LDL and HDL oxidation. We investigated the relationship between PON1 and oxidative stress in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in a comparative fashion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Activities of PON1, concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipids and lipoproteins were measured in patients (38 subjects with acute myocardial infarction and 33 subjects with unstable angina pectoris) and in age- and sex-matched controls (32 subjects). Serum PONI activity was significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Patients had significantly increased serum MDA concentrations (p < 0.001) and there were strong negative correlations (p < 0.001) between serum PON1 and MDA levels in the acute myocardial infarction group (r = -0.673), in the unstable angina pectoris group (r = -0.868) and in healthy controls (r = -0.778). Serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were lower in patients than controls (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between PON1 and HDL-C levels in patients or controls. Apo A I concentrations were significantly lower in the patient groups (p < 0.01), but were insignificant between patients with AMI and UAP. Apo A-I and PON1 levels did not show any correlation. Apo B concentrations were lowest in the healthy controls, higher in the UAPgroup and highest in the AMI group (p < 0.001). In the acute myocardial infarction group LDL/apo B ratio was lower than in healthy controls and in the UAP group, suggesting smaller LDL particle size. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that lower serum PON1 activity is associated with oxidative stress and the activity of PON1 is not related to HDL-cholesterol.     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清氮末端脑钠尿肽原水平与冠脉病变程度的关系

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清氮末端脑钠尿肽原（NT-proBNP）水平与冠脉病变程度之间的关系。方法: 对150例因胸痛入院的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影,其中ACS组78例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组33例,冠状动脉造影正常组39例,采用冠状动脉造影Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变的严重程度,同期测定患者血清NT-proBNP及左室射血分数（LVEF）,分析NT-proBNP基线水平与LVEF及Gensini积分的关系。结果: ①ACS组NT-proBNP浓度明显高于SAP组与正常组（均P<0.05）。SAP组NT-proBNP浓度明显高于正常组（P<0.05）。②ACS患者NT-proBNP水平与Gensini积分呈正相关（Pearson偏相关系数r＝0.84,P<0.01）。③多元逐步回归结果显示,ACS患者,影响NT-proBNP浓度的因素为冠状动脉造影积分和LVEF（冠状动脉造影Gensini积分的偏决定系数R2=0.8327,P<0.01;LVEF 的偏决定系数R2=0.0034,P>0.05）。结论: ACS患者血清NT-proBNP水平与冠脉病变程度高度相关。     

Black-white differences in severity of coronary artery disease among individuals with acute coronary syndromes

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the extent of coronary obstructive disease is similar among black and white patients with acute coronary syndromes. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PATIENTS: We used administrative discharge data to identify white and black male patients, 30 years of age or older, who were discharged between October 1, 1989 and September 30, 1995 from 1 of 6 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina (UnA) and who underwent coronary angiography during the admission. We excluded patients if they did not meet standard clinical criteria for AMI or UnA or if they had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Physician reviewers classified the degree of coronary obstruction from blinded coronary angiography reports. Obstruction was considered significant if there was at least 50% obstruction of the left main coronary artery, or if there was 70% obstruction in 1 of the 3 major epicardial vessels or their main branches. Of the 628 eligible patients, 300 (48%) had AMI. Among patients with AMI, blacks were more likely than whites to have no significant coronary obstructions (28/145, or 19%, vs 10/155 or 7%, P =.001). Similarly, among patients with UnA, 33% (56/168) of blacks but just 17% (27/160) of whites had no significant stenoses (P =.012). There were no racial differences in severity of coronary disease among veterans with at least 1 significant obstruction. Racial differences in coronary obstructions remained after correcting for coronary disease risk factors and characteristics of the AMI. CONCLUSIONS: Black veterans who present with acute coronary insufficiency are less likely than whites to have significant coronary obstruction. Current understanding of coronary disease does not provide an explanation for these differences.     

Black-white differences in severity of coronary artery disease among individuals with acute coronary syndromes

Objective: To determine whether the extent of coronary obstructive disease is similar among black and white patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Design: Retrospective chart review.
Patients: We used administrative discharge data to identify white and black male patients, 30 years of age or older, who were discharged between October 1, 1989 and September 30, 1995 from 1 of 6 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina (UnA) and who underwent coronary angiography during the admission. We excluded patients if they did not meet standard clinical criteria for AMI or UnA or if they had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting.
Measurements and Main Results: Physician reviewers classified the degree of coronary obstruction from blinded coronary angiography reports. Obstruction was considered significant if there was at least 50% obstruction of the left main coronary artery, or if there was 70% obstruction in 1 of the 3 major epicardial vessels or their main branches. Of the 628 eligible patients, 300 (48%) had AMI. Among patients with AMI, blacks were more likely than whites to have no significant coronary obstructions (28/145, or 19%, vs 10/155 or 7%, P = .001). Similarly, among patients with UnA, 33% (56/168) of blacks but just 17% (27/160) of whites had no significant stenoses ( P = .012). There were no racial differences in severity of coronary disease among veterans with at least 1 significant obstruction. Racial differences in coronary obstructions remained after correcting for coronary disease risk factors and characteristics of the AMI.
Conclusions: Black veterans who present with acute coronary insufficiency are less likely than whites to have significant coronary obstruction. Current understanding of coronary disease does not provide an explanation for these differences.     

Predictive value of associations between carotid and coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes

The present study evaluated the association among sonographic characteristics of carotid plaques, angiographic morphology of coronary lesions, and outcomes of patients who had acute coronary syndromes. In treatment-stratified Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis, hard carotid plaques and coronary lesions of complex morphology were found to be independent predictors of future cardiac events.     

Correlation of TIMI risk score with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes

The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). Whether this score correlates with the coronary anatomy is unknown. We sought to determine whether the TIMI risk score correlates with the angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with NSTEACS undergoing cardiac catheterization. We conducted a retrospective review of 688 consecutive medical records of patients who underwent coronary angiography secondary to NSTEACS. Patients were classified into 3 categories according to TIMI risk score: TIMI scores 0 to 2 (n = 284), 3 to 4 (n = 301), and 5 to 7 (n = 103). One-vessel disease was found in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 as often as in patients with TIMI score 0 to 2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74 to 1.56; p = 0.66). However, 1-vessel disease was found more often in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 than in patients with TIMI score 5 to 7 (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95; p = 0.01), and in patients with TIMI score 0 to 2 than in those with TIMI score 5 to 7 (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.66; p = 0.02). Two-vessel disease was more likely found in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 than in those with TIMI scores 0 to 2 (OR 3.96, 95% CI 2.41 to 6.53; p <0.001) and 5 to 7 (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.75; p = 0.004). Three-vessel or left main disease was more likely found in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 than in patients with TIMI score 0 to 2 (OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.00 to 5.10; p <0.001), and in patients with TIMI score 5 to 7 than in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 (OR 6.34, 95% CI 3.88 to 10.36; p <0.001). In patients with NSTEACS undergoing cardiac catheterization, the TIMI risk score correlated with the extent and severity of CAD.     

Association of ankle-brachial index with severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in patients with peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 273 patients, mean age 71 years, with peripheral arterial disease and angiographically obstructive CAD (> 50% occlusion). Of 155 patients with an ABI < 0.40, 130 (84%) had 3- or 4-vessel CAD, 17 (11%) had 2-vessel CAD and 8 (5%) had 1-vessel CAD. Of 80 patients with an ABI of 0.40-0.69, 37 (46%) had 3- or 4-vessel CAD, 33 (41%) had 2-vessel CAD and 10 (13%) had 1-vessel CAD. Of 38 patients with an ABI of 0.70-0.89, 10 (26%) had 3- or 4-vessel CAD, 16 (42%) had 2-vessel CAD and 12 (32%) had 1-vessel CAD. The lower the ABI, the higher the prevalence of 3- or 4-vessel CAD and the lower the prevalence of 1-vessel CAD.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清脂肪细胞因子的变化与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者血清脂肪细胞因子:脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素水平变化及其对冠状动脉病变程度的影响。方法选择2009年1月~2011年10月在我院经冠状动脉造影确诊为ACS的患者95例作为ACS组,另选择冠状动脉造影正常的95例作为对照组。ACS组根据病变支数分为单支组(43例)、双支组(33例)、三支组(19例)。所有患者检查脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素水平及生化检查。结果 ACS组抵抗素[(4.63±1.44)μg/L vs(2.42±0.93)μg/L,P=0.017]、瘦素[(9.60±1.39)μg/L vs(6.70±1.38)μg/L,P=0.009]水平明显高于对照组,脂联素[(8.99±1.66)μg/L vs(12.11±1.97)μg/L,P=0.006]水平明显低于对照组。随着病变支数增多,脂联素水平明显降低,瘦素、抵抗素水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析,ACS患者的脂联素OR=0.078,95%CI:0.017~0.364,P=0.001;抵抗素OR=16.56,95%CI:2.298~119.280,P=0.005;瘦素OR=7.17,95%CI:1.594~32.261,P=0.010。结论脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素在诊疗ACS方面具有重要价值。     

Association of paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the association between paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and concentration and the severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase-1, a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, is proposed to have an antiatherogenic effect by protecting low-density lipoproteins against oxidation. METHODS: We studied PON1 activity and concentration in 107 patients with known or suspected CAD referred for cardiac catheterization. Based on visual estimation of coronary angiograms, subjects were classified as having no or mild CAD (<50% stenosis) and significant CAD (> or =50% stenosis). Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was used to estimate the indexes of severity, extent, and overall atheroma burden of CAD. RESULTS: We found lower values of PON1 activity and concentration (p = 0.003 and p = 0.016, respectively) in the group with significant CAD as compared with the group with no or mild CAD. The PON1 activity was significantly inversely correlated with CAD severity (r = -0.364, p < 0.001), extent (r = -0.221, p = 0.022), and atheroma burden (r = -0.277, p = 0.004). Similarly, PON1 concentration correlated with CAD severity (r = -0.306, p = 0.001) and atheroma burden (r = -0.229, p = 0.017). In multiple regression analysis, gender and PON1 activity were significant determinants of the severity of CAD independently of age, hypertension, smoking, abnormal glucose regulation, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PON1 activity and concentration are lower in subjects with significant CAD, and that there is a significant relationship between PON1 activity and concentration and CAD assessed by QCA.     

Association of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and paraoxonase enzyme activity with premature coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The association of serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo B concentrations and paraoxonase (PON) enzyme activity with angiographically determined coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated in Iranian non-diabetic patients with premature CAD and control participants in a sex- and age-matched case-control study. METHODS: The study population consisted of 59 non-diabetic patients with premature CAD and 55 CAD control participants. Premature CAD was defined as the presence of angiographically proven coronary stenosis (> or =50% involvement) in men and women younger than 55 and 65 years, respectively. Apolipoprotein concentrations were measured by immunoturbidometric assay and paraoxonase/arylesterase activities by spectrophotometric assay of p-nitrophenol/phenol production following addition of paraoxon/phenylacetate to serum. RESULTS: In CAD patients, increased concentrations of total cholesterol (215 +/- 43 compared with 193 +/- 43, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (137 +/- 46 compared with 116 +/- 39, P < 0.05) and apo B (102 +/- 24 compared with 84 +/- 17, P < 0.001) and a decreased ratio of apo A-I/apo B (1.7 +/- 0.4 compared with 2.0 +/- 0.6, P < 0.001) were observed compared to the control group. Other study variables were not significantly different between the two groups. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the only marker for discrimination between the CAD+ group and the CAD- control group was apo B level. CONCLUSIONS: In Iranian non-diabetic patients with premature CAD, the concentration of apo B is a better marker than traditional lipids in discriminating between CAD+ and CAD- patients. The lack of significant difference in PON activity between CAD patients and control participants supports the concept of interethnic variability in PON activity and gene polymorphism observed in other studies.     

急性心肌梗死患者TyG指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性

目的]探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者甘油三酯-葡萄糖(TyG)指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。 [方法]回顾性选择2020年1月─2023年3月期间就诊于新疆医科大学第四附属医院确诊为AMI的424名患者作为研究对象,收集临床资料及冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果,Gensini评分用以定量评估冠状动脉病变程度。根据Gensini评分三分位法分为低Gensini评分组(＜45分,n＝140)、中Gensini评分组(45～86分,n＝143)和高Gensini评分组(≥87分,n＝141)。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析TyG指数与高Gensini评分冠状动脉病变发生的关系;采用Spearman相关分析法分析TyG指数与AMI患者Gensini评分之间的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析TyG指数对冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测价值。 [结果]高Gensini评分组TyG指数较低、中Gensini评分组明显升高(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,TyG指数为AMI患者严重冠状动脉病变发生的独立危险因素(OR＝13.327,95%CI:2.642～67.235,P＝0.002)。Spearman相关分析显示,TyG指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度呈正相关(r＝0.331,P＜0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,TyG指数的曲线下面积为0.680(95%CI:0.630～0.731,P＜0.001)。当TyG指数临界值取1.555时,其预测AMI患者发生严重冠状动脉病变风险的效能最高,灵敏度为79.4%,特异度为50.5%。 [结论]TyG作为一种新型生物标志物,与AMI患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度显著且独立相关。     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者肾小球滤过率与冠脉病变程度、高敏C-反应蛋白的相关性研究

目的 评价老年急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者入院时估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）与冠脉病变程度和血浆高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的相关性.方法 选择284例老年ACS患者,在入院后12 h内行血肌酐等常规检查,同时检测血浆hs-CRP.结果 肾功能不全的比率为55.30%,肾功能不全总组及肾功能不全轻、中、重组Gensini评分均较正常肾功能组显著增高（P〈0.01,P=0.01,P〈0.01,P〈0.001）.肾功能不全总组及重度肾功能不全组血浆hs-CRP显著增高（P=0.02,P〈0.01）.与Gensini评分〈30组相比较,高hs-CRP和肾功能不全比率Gensini评分30～90组和Gensini评分〉90组均显著增高（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）.偏相关分析表明,eGFR及血浆hs-CRP分别与Gensini评分相关（r=-0.110,P=0.005;r=0.045,P=0.01）.多元回归分析表明,eGFR及血浆hs-CRP分别与Gensini评分独立相关（β=-0.113,P〈0.01;β=0.035,P〈0.01）.血浆hs-CRP与eGFR无相关性.结论 老年ACS患者eGFR水平与冠脉病变程度独立相关,与血浆hs-CRP结合可能更有利于老年ACS患者的临床评价.     

Correlation of TIMI risk score with angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes

Aim of study

To determine whether the TIMI risk score correlates with the angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Patients and method

We conducted a retrospective review of 239 medical records of patients who underwent coronary angiography secondary to non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome between 2002 and 2006. Patients were classified into three groups according to TIMI risk score: TIMI scores 0 to 2 (group 1: n = 121), 3 to 4 (group 2: n = 100), and 5 to 7 (group 3: n = 18). We compared the coronary angiography findings of the three groups.

Results

Patients of group 1 had a greater likelihood of normal or non significant CAD than patients of group 2 (36.3 % vs 13 %, P < 0.001) and than patients of group 3 (36.3 % vs 0 %, P = 0.002). One-vessel disease was found more often in patients with TIMI score 0 to 2 than in patients with TIMI score 5 to 7 (28.9 % vs 0 %; P = 0.01), and in patients with TIMI score 3 to 4 than in those with score 5 to 7 (35 % vs 0 %, P = 0.006). However, 1-vessel disease was found in patients of group 1 as often as in patients of group 2. The frequency of two-vessel disease was similar whatever the level of TIMI score was low, intermediate or high. Three-vessel or left main disease was more likely found in patients of group 3 than in patients of group 2 (66.7 % vs 26 %; P = 0.01), and than patients of group 1 (66.7 % vs 13.2 %; P < 0.001). Chronic coronary occlusions and coronary calcifications were also more likely found in patients with TIMI score 5 to 7.

Conclusion

In patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization, the TIMI risk score correlated with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease.     

非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征与急性高血糖的关系

目的:分析冠状动脉的病变程度与应激性高血糖水平的关系.方法:选择126例接受冠状动脉造影的非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征住院患者并监测其入院后24 h内血糖水平.根据冠状动脉病变的程度分为单支病变组、双支病变组和多支病变组.结果:多支病变组入院24 h内血糖值显著高于双支病变组[(9.9±1.0 )mmol/L∶(7.6±1.3 )mmol/L]及单支病变组[(9.9±1.0) mmol/L∶(5.9±0.4 )mmol/L],均P＜0.01.双支病变组入院24 h内血糖值同样显著高于单支病变组[(7.6±1.3) mmol/L∶(5.9±0.4 )mmol/L),P＜0.01.结论:在非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征患者中,急性期血糖值在一定程度与冠状动脉病变程度相关.     

Association between Toll-like receptors and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with stable angina

OBJECTIVES: Toll-like receptors mediate the innate immune response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and atherosclerosis can be considered a state of chronic inflammation whereby immune system cells accumulate within the intima of the arterial wall. The goal of this study was to determine the relation of Toll-like receptors to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. METHODS: Angiographic vessel score and Gensini score were used to evaluate the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Sixty-two consecutive patients with stable angina were grouped as follows: those with insignificant (<50%) coronary stenosis (group 1), and those with 1 (group 2), 2 (group 3), or 3-vessel disease (group 4). The expression of Toll-like receptor 1, 2, and 4 on circulating CD14+ monocytes was analyzed by flow-cytometry in all patients. RESULTS: Toll-like receptor 2 had a positive correlation with the vessel score and Gensini score (r=0.46, P<0.001; r=0.32, P<0.02, respectively). Toll-like receptor 4 also positively correlated with the vessel score and Gensini score (r=0.47, P<0.001; r=0.29, P<0.05, respectively). No significant correlation existed between the expression of Toll-like receptor 1 and the vessel score or Gensini score. Further, there was no significant correlation between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the vessel score or Gensini score. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression correlates with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease.