回肠膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍

目的 回顾分析回肠膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 2004年6月～2006年10月，对 7例神经源性膀胱功能障碍患者实施回肠膀胱术治疗。其中男5例，女2例，平均年龄27岁（17～56岁）。平均随访15个月（2～30个月），随访内容包括有无并发症和生活质量。结果 随访期内，患者未出现严重的并发症，生活质量较术前提高。结论 回肠膀胱术是治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍患者的安全、有效、可接受的治疗措施。     

保留膀胱粘膜的肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术近期疗效

目的 探讨治疗反射亢进型神经源性膀胱的最佳手术方法。方法 对术前临床评价均为“差”的25例逼尿肌反射亢进选型神经源性膀胱患儿行保留膀胱粘膜的小肠浆肌层膀胱扩大术。其中12例合并输尿管返流;21例获得随访,随访时间6个月－2年,对比手术前后血电解质、尿素氮、肌酐的变化,同时行排泄性膀胱尿道造影、尿流动力学观察及临床评价。结果 手术后膀胱容量、膀胱顺应性、尿流率较术前增加,逼尿肌压降低,残余尿／膀胱容量比值较术前降低,无抑制收缩减轻。术后临床评价4例为优,9例为良,改善和差者各4例;7例恢复尿意,9例输尿管返流减轻,均无电解质紊乱及肾功能异常。结论 保留膀胱粘膜的双层肠浆肌层膀胱扩大治疗反射亢进型神经源性膀胱近期疗效比较理想。     

膀胱次全切除回肠扩大膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍

目的：探讨肠道扩大膀胱成形术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的价值。方法：采用膀胱次全切除、回肠扩大膀胱成形术治疗7例神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者。结果：2例术后排尿通畅，剩余尿消失；3例术后曾有排尿困难，经尿道膀胱颈电切后排尿通畅，无尿失禁，最大尿流率分别为27、16和18ml/s；1例术前曾采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术无效，行本手术后剩余尿消失，但仍有尿失禁，后在超声引导下于尿道周围注射硅酮后，尿失禁症状明显改善；余1例术后仍有排尿困难。结论：该手术方法对神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍是一种可行的治疗方法。     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱6例疗效观察

目的：探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法：6例神经源性低顺应性膀胱患者行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术及双侧输尿管膀胱再植术。男5例,女1例。年龄16-40岁,病程5～20年。其中3例脊髓损伤,3例脊髓栓系。术后均自行间歇清洁导尿。结果：6例患者均随诊,术后B超示肾积水,较术前缓解或消失,血清肌酐水平较术前明显降低,尿动力学示膀胱容量为（458．6±37．2）ml,充盈期末膀胱内平均压为（17．8±4．6）cmH2O,无膀胱输尿管返流,2例出现泌尿系感染,1例出现肠粘液堵管,经对症治疗后缓解。结论：乙状结肠膀胱扩大术可有效地扩大膀胱容量,降低充盈期末膀胱压力,使患者有一个安全的储尿环境,是治疗神经源性低顺应性膀胱的最佳选择,提高了患者的生存质量。     

两种膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱比较分析

目的:比较膀胱自扩大术和回肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱的临床效果。方法:回顾分析膀胱自扩大术10例,回肠膀胱扩大术13例患者临床资料,对两种术式的手术方法,手术前后患者膀胱容量,肾功能以及临床症状进行比较。结果:膀胱自扩大术和回肠膀胱扩大术的患者术后平均安全膀胱容量显著增多,分别为(178.2±31.8)vs(420.7±54.9)ml,(115.9±19.5)vs(517.4±48.3)ml(P<0.05),顺应性明显改善。前者尿失禁消失8例,明显改善1例;术后血清肌酐水平恢复正常6例,明显下降2例,肾积水明显缓解或消失,未发现膀胱输尿管反流现象;后者尿失禁消失9例,明显改善2例,血清肌酐水平6例恢复正常,1例明显下降,肾积水情况均较术前明显缓解或消失,膀胱输尿管反流消失;术后3例出现尿路感染;1例轻微漏尿;1例出现腹泻;3例出现肠梗阻;2例出现膀胱结石,均对症处理后好转。结论:膀胱自扩大术较为简单、安全,但其适应证把握应慎重。回肠膀胱扩大术是治疗神经源性膀胱有效的手术方式,其适应证相对广,但并发症较多。     

阶段评估在神经源性膀胱康复护理中的实施

目的探讨阶段评估在脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱康复护理中的应用与效果。方法将124例脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者按时间段分为对照组52例、观察组72例,对照组行常规康复护理;观察组自行设计膀胱护理评估表进行阶段评估,根据评估结果采取相应的护理措施。于出院前1周评价效果。结果观察组达到平衡膀胱率及膀胱控制能力评分显著优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论采用膀胱护理评估表进行阶段评估有利于及时发现膀胱护理中的问题和采取有效的针对性干预措施,从而提高神经源性膀胱康复效果。     

回肠膀胱扩大术联合髂腰肌盆底肌加强术治疗神经源性膀胱的疗效分析

目的 探讨去黏膜带蒂回肠膀胱扩大术联合髂腰肌盆底肌加强术治疗神经源性膀胱的疗效.方法 前瞻性研究去黏膜带蒂回肠膀胱扩大联合髂腰肌盆底肌加强术治疗神经源性膀胱的疗效.神经源性膀胱患者12例.男9例,女3例.年龄18 ～ 27岁,平均25岁.临床表现为不同程度的尿失禁.病程6 ～ 64个月,平均23个月.应用超声、膀胱造影、尿动力学等检查前瞻性比较术前和术后1年的尿动力学参数,上尿路形态和肾功能情况.结果 12例手术顺利.术后出现切口延迟愈合2例,肠梗阻1例,膀胱腹壁尿瘘1例,未出现黏液尿.术后1年1例因发热性泌尿系感染行自我清洁间歇导尿,11例为腹压排尿.术前膀胱输尿管反流8例,术后反流消失5例,反流程度改善3例.术前肾功能不全5例,术后血肌酐水平下降至正常范围3例.术前和术后1年最大膀胱压测定容量[( 247±27)和(412±32) ml]、膀胱顺应性[(4.4±1.2)和(26.2±4.0)ml/cm H2O,1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa]、相对安全容量[(206±24)和(368±26) ml]、最大尿流率[(11±2)和(20±3)ml/s]、残余尿量[(136±25)和(26±8)ml]、逼尿肌漏点压[(63.1±4.9)和(17.8±3.6)cm H2O]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 去黏膜带蒂同肠浆肌层膀胱扩大联合髂腰肌盆底肌加强术可有效治疗神经源性膀胱.     

经尿道内括约肌切除术在神经源性膀胱患者中的应用及长期随访研究

目的:治疗神经源性膀胱的首要两大目的即保护上尿路功能,获得或保持最恰当的尿控能力,但目前缺乏完美的治疗方法.为评价经尿道内括约肌切除术在神经源性膀胱患者中的应用及长期效果,行本研究.方法:回顾性分析2010年6月-2019年6月在我院接受经尿道内括约肌切除术治疗的17例神经源性膀胱患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女8例,年...     

可控膀胱造瘘术治疗逼尿肌无反射性神经源性膀胱

2004年6月至2006年4月我科对3例逼尿肌无反射性神经源性膀胱患者行可控膀胱造瘘术,效果满意,报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组3例,均为男性,平均年龄54(46~59)岁,平均病程6.7(2~10)年。均以进行性排尿困难为主要临床表现,1例10年前因外伤致T12~L2压缩性骨折导致截瘫,1例有糖尿病史11年、脑梗塞4年,1例10年前患格林巴利。1例查体可触及胀大膀胱,1例查体下腹部饱满,膀胱顶脐下3指,1例留置导尿中。3例均行超声检查,其中1例膀胱尿潴留,1例膀胱内小结石,前列腺钙化,残余尿132m l。1例行CT检查示膀胱多发憩室,前列腺钙化。1例血糖为20.4 mmol…     

综合治疗系统性红斑狼疮引起神经源性膀胱导致尿潴留4例分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮引起神经源性膀胱导致尿潴留的综合治疗方法。方法回顾性分析4例系统性红斑狼疮引起神经源性膀胱患者的临床资料。4例患者采取营养神经、膀胱康复训练、针刺治疗和穴位注射的综合治疗措施。结果综合治疗4例系统性红斑狼疮引起神经源性膀胱导致的尿潴留，患者可以自行排尿，形成自律性膀胱，残余尿量减少，取得较好的疗效。结论综合治疗系统性红斑狼疮引起的神经源性膀胱导致的尿潴留，疗效可靠，值得临床推广。     

女性膀胱颈抬高程度与膀胱出口梗阻相关性尿动力学分析

目的 探讨女性膀胱颈抬高程度与膀胱出口梗阻相关性尿动力学特点及临床意义.方法 实验组64例,筛选条件为主诉有尿频、尿急、排尿困难.排尿时间延长、下腹部胀痛不适等下尿路症状(Lower urinary tract syndrome,LUTS).对照组34例,为无LUTS症状的正常女性.所有患者均无神经系统疾病史,无糖尿病...     

小儿神经源性膀胱与上尿路损害

目的：探讨脊髓发育不良致神经源性膀胱造成上尿路损害的尿动力学危险因素,方法：对32例脊髓发育不良患儿行尿动力学和影像学检查。结果：18例（56％）有肾和输尿管积水,其中4例伴IV－V级膀胱输尿管返液,19例逼尿肌漏尿点压力大于等于40cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa)且膀胱顺应性小于等于40ml/cmH2O的患儿中,17例合并上尿路损害,13例逼尿肌漏尿点压力＜40cmH2O且膀胱顺应性＞40ml/c mH2O的患儿中,仅1例有双侧输尿管扩张,差别有非常显著性意义（P＜0．001）,结论：对脊髓发育不良致神经源性膀胱的患儿应行尿动力学检查,了解逼尿肌漏尿点压力和膀胱顺应性,确定与上尿路损害有关的危险因素,有助于避免上尿路进一步损害。     

Pressure-flow study after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

In 46 patients treated with PNL in our hospital, the intervals from PNL to removal of a catheter indwelled in the nephrostomy were studied. The intervals were longer in the cases with ureteral stones than those with renal stones probably because of the different degrees of obstruction. To investigate the degree and the interval of upper urinary tract obstruction after PNL, Pressure-flow Studies were performed every or every other day after PNL in 5 cases with renal stones and 5 cases with ureteral stones, selected from 46 cases. In Pressure-flow Studies, intrapelvic pressures were measured while saline mixed with pigment was being dripping at a rate of 5 ml/min into the renal pelvis through the nephrostomy catheter. Saline initially reached into the urinary bladder at an average of 4.8 days after PNL (range 3 to 7 days) with a mean intrapelvic pressure of 37.6 cmH2O (range 28 to 52 cmH2O) in the cases with renal stones and at an average of 9.2 days (range 7 to 12 days) with a mean intrapelvic pressure of 27.0 cmH2O (range 9 to 43 cmH2O) in the cases with ureteral stones. Pressure-flow Studies were performed again a few days after the initial passage of saline into the urinary bladder in 2 of 10 cases. The intrapelvic pressures, 16 cmH2O and 13 cmH2O, respectively, several days after the initial passage of saline were lower than those, 35 cmH2O and 43 cmH2O, respectively, at the initial passage of saline. Therefore, it was likely that the proper interval of indwelling catheter after PNL was about 7 to 8 days, in the cases with renal stones and about 11 to 12 days in the cases with ureteral stones.     

Review of a 14-year experience of augmentation enterocystoplasty. Observations on bowel dynamics

Fifteen patients with low compliance bladder of varying etiologies (neurogenic bladder, radiation induced contracted bladder after radical hysterectomy, bladder tuberculosis and interstitial cystitis) underwent augmentation enterocystoplasty. The ileocecal tubular segment was used in 12 patients, ileal-patch in 2 and ileal-cup patch in 1. In all patients in whom partial reconstruction was done, the functional bladder capacity satisfactorily increased and the maximum detrusor pressure was low. The upper urinary tract did not deteriorate in 12 patients. Three died from recurrence of uterine or bladder cancer. Five neurogenic patients were managed by intermittent self-catheterization postoperatively. Another 10 patients was dry without voiding difficulty. Of 18 ureteral reimplantations in ileocecal cystoplasty, 13 had reflux without resultant progressive hydronephrosis. In 3 patients ureteral reimplantation was not required without reflux after ileal-patch and ileal-cup patch cystoplasty.     

Long-term efficacy of subureteral collagen injection for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in neurogenic bladder cases

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term efficacy of subureteral glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen injection (GAX 35) for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to meningomyelocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 12 women and 8 men (26 ureteral renal units) with a median age of 8 years (range 1 to 51) who had neurogenic bladder due to meningomyelocele. Reflux into single collecting systems was treated with subureteral collagen injection (GAX 35). Followup with video urodynamics included voiding cystography. RESULTS: All patients performed intermittent catheterization to control the bladder. During the study all bladders were areflexic with normal compliance. Preoperative reflux according to the International Reflux Study Classification was grade I in 1, II in 9, III in 10, IV in 4 and V in 2 ureteral renal units. All patients were treated with subureteral collagen injection (mean volume 1.9 ml., range 0.7 to 3.5). Reflux resolved initially in all but 2 cases. Mean followup was 16 months (range 1 to 71). Reflux was still absent in only 15% of treated units after 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that endoscopic subureteral collagen injection in neurogenic bladder cases is not effective with long-term followup. New biocompatible and biodegradable materials should be tested to control vesicoureteral reflux.     

Botulinum-a toxin detrusor injection as a novel approach in the treatment of bladder spasticity in children with neurogenic bladder

OBJECTIVES: Children with neurogenic hyper-reflexive bladder in whom classical therapy with anticholinergic drugs and intermittent catheterization fails are threatened by high intravesical pressure, vesicoureteral reflux, and impairment of kidney function. Surgery, such as bladder augmentation, is often necessary in such cases. To obviate surgery in these high-risk children, we investigated the use of detrusor injection of botulinum-A toxin (Botox). METHODS: Our subjects were 20 children with hyper-reflexive detrusor muscle and high bladder pressure, over 40 cmH(2)O despite anticholinergic therapy. After baseline urodynamic measurements, we injected botulinum-A toxin into the detrusor muscle at 30-50 sites at 12 U/kg of body weight up to a maximum of 300 U. Follow-up cystometric measurements were taken two to four weeks and three and six months after injection. RESULTS: From basic measurements to follow-up cystometry, mean reflex volume changed from 97.1 ml before injection to 178.6 ml after four weeks (p<0.01) and to 162.8 ml after three months (p<0.01). After six months mean reflex volume returned to 119.3 ml (n.s.). Maximal bladder capacity changed from 163.1 ml to 219.9 ml (p<0.01), to 200.6 ml (p<0.01) and to 222.4 ml (p<0.01), respectively, and maximal detrusor pressure changed from 59.6 cmH(2)O to 34.9 cmH(2)O (p<0.01), to 46.7 cmH(2)O (n.s.) and to 61.8 cmH(2)O (n.s.), respectively. CONCLUSION: Botulinum-A toxin (Botox) is effective when injected into the hyper-reflexive detrusor muscle. It is a valuable treatment option in the management of neurogenic bladder. The effect lasts about six months, and then reinjection is necessary.     

去带乙状结肠原位膀胱术50例临床分析

目的　探讨去带乙状结肠原位膀胱术的临床疗效。　方法　膀胱癌 5 0例 ,其中男 4 1例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 35～ 82岁 ,平均 6 3岁。均采用根治性膀胱切除及去带乙状结肠新膀胱术治疗。　结果　 5 0例患者随访 6～ 2 9个月 ,平均 18.6个月。患者血Cr、BUN均正常 ,未出现酸中毒。膀胱造影仅2例出现单侧输尿管返流。白天可自控排尿 4 5例 (90 % ) ,夜间尿失禁 10例 (2 0 % ) ,8例可通过夜间唤醒控制。新膀胱容量 2 2 0～ 5 5 0ml(平均 35 0ml) ,新膀胱充盈时最大压力 15～ 5 5cmH2 O(平均 35cmH2 O ,1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa)。　结论　该术式操作简单 ,并发症少 ,疗效可靠 ,患者原位排尿 ,值得临床推广运用。     

间质性膀胱炎/膀胱疼痛综合征尿动力学检查价值分析

目的:探讨间质性膀胱炎/膀胱疼痛综合征(interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome,IC/BPS)尿动力学特征及鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析2019年06月-2019年12月就诊于我院40例女性IC/BPS患者与40例女性单纯压力性尿失禁(stress urinary in...     

利用动态肺顺应性设定呼气末正压在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的运用

目的 探讨单肺通气利用动态肺顺应性设定呼气末正压通气(positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP)的优势及可行性. 方法 选择预行右侧肺叶切除患者80例,完全随机分为A组和B组,每组40例:A组,单肺通气实施肺膨胀(sustained inflation,SI)复张后加用20 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)的PEEP并递减滴定,随后以得到最大肺顺应性的PEEP值通气,直到恢复双肺通气;B组,通气PEEP值固定为5 cmH2O,其他通气方法同A组.记录患者血气、呼吸等参数. 结果 两组设定的PEEP值[A组(9.2±1.2) cmH2O,B组5 cmH2O]差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在单肺通气1 h(T3)、手术结束(T4)时,两组动脉血氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组的PaO2在T3～T4逐步降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而A组则维持较好(P＞0.05);T3、T4时刻A组的动态肺顺应性[(30.8±5.9)、(30.7±6.4) ml/cmH2O]与B组[(26.6±5.5)、(26.4±5.2) ml/cmH2O]比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的单肺通气,利用动态肺顺应性设定的PEEP值通气能够得到更好的氧合及呼吸参数,并且维持较好.     

AN ALTERNATIVE URETEROILEAL REIMPLANTATION USED IN AUGMENTATION CYSTOPLASTY FOR NEUROGENIC BLADDER WITH BILATERAL VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

Purpose

We describe the use of a serous lined extramural tunnel for ureteral reimplantation during augmentation of a neurogenic bladder to prevent reflux.

Materials and Methods

A 46-year-old male C6 spinal cord injury patient presented with a high pressure bladder, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and bilateral grade II/III vesicoureteral reflux. Despite maximal anticholinergic therapy and intermittent catheterization, detrussor pressures were between 80 and 100 cm. water at volumes of 100 to 150 cc with consistent leakage between catheterizations. Preoperative ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram demonstrated moderate bilateral hydronephrosis and a heavily trabeculated bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty with the formation of 3 cm. extramural ureteral tunnels as described by Ghoneim was performed. The serosa of the adjacent limbs of the ileal segment were opposed to form the back wall of a serosal lined tunnel.

Results

At 3 weeks postoperatively a cystogram demonstrated no extravasation or reflux. At 8 weeks an excretory urogram showed prompt function and excretion bilaterally with marked improvement of preoperative hydronephrosis.

Conclusions

Subserosal ureteral tunnels can be used as an alternative antireflux technique during augmentation cystoplasty when ureteral reimplantation is required. Two advantages of this technique include the elimination of staples and avoidance of ischemic problems associated with an afferent intussuscepted nipple valve.