Primary linitis plastica of the descending colon: a case report

A rare case of primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon seen in a 44 year old Japanese man is described herein. The patient had a complete obstruction of the descending colon and was treated with a loop colostomy followed shortly afterward by a left hemicolectomy. At the time of the second operation, the entire thickness of the colonic wall was found to be infiltrated by cancer cells, however, the other intraabdominal organs were free of cancerous involvement. The histopathological diagnosis made at this time was primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the descending colon. Nine months later, the patient developed an intestinal obstruction and relaparotomy revealed diffuse peritoneal dissemination. Two years after the first operation, upper GI films and a gastrofiberscopic examination revealed gastric involvement. The patient died 28 months after his initial operation, and autopsy revealed widespread metastases in the peritoneal surface, paraaortic lymph nodes, small intestine, remaining colon and stomach.     

Linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon mimicking Crohn's colitis.

Primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon is an uncommon morphological type of colorectal carcinoma. Linitis plastica of the stomach may spread to the colon producing a similar lesion to primary colonic linitis plastica. This case report describes a case of linitis plastica of the colon that had many of the clinical, endoscopic, radiological and operative features of Crohn's colitis. The precise origin of the linitis plastica carcinoma was not clear: it may have been clonic or gastric, although the former is favoured. This case illustrates a number of facets of this unusual colonic carcinoma.     

LINITIS PLASTICA CARCINOMA OF THE COLON MIMICKING CROHN'S COLITIS

Primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon is an uncommon morphological type of colorectal carcinoma. Linitis plastica of the stomach may spread to the colon producing a similar lesion to primary colonic linitis plastica. This case report describes a case of linitis plastica of the colon that had many of the clinical, endoscopic, radiological and operative features of Crohn's colitis. The precise origin of the linitis plastica carcinoma was not clear: it may have been clonic or gastric, although the former is favoured. This case illustrates a number of facets of this unusual colonic carcinoma.     

Metastatic breast carcinoma simulating linitis plastica of the colon: Report of a case

A 48-year-old woman developed a mobile abdominal mass in the course of treatment for recurrent breast cancer. Imaging studies indicated linitis plastica of the colon. She underwent surgery because of the stenosis of the transverse colon. An examination of the resected specimen revealed a segmental stricture, thickening of the entire wall, and a granular mucosa resembling cobblestones. Microscopic findings of the colon lesion were very similar to those of her primary, invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Atypical cells showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin-7, but not for cytokeratin-20. These findings suggested that the lesion of the colon was a colonic metastasis of breast cancer. Metastatic gastrointestinal diseases originating from breast carcinoma are unusual, and colonic metastases are especially rare. Although colon cancer may occur in patients with a history of breast cancer, metastatic colon cancer should be suspected if linitis plastica is detected.     

Intestinal linitis plastica: late metastasis from gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

Linitis plastica is a malignant disease that usually occurs in the stomach, although it can affect any segment of the alimentary tract. Typically, this entity shows slow progression and insidious clinical course. We present the case of a patient with a previous diagnosis of signet ring cell cancer of the stomach that had been treated with curative intent 12 years before the clinical onset of small and large bowel linitis plastica. The diagnosis was obtained as an incidental pathological finding after urgent surgery for intestinal obstruction. No gastric mass was found. Linitis plastica should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms of obstruction after resection of a gastric carcinoma, especially if there are macroscopic surgical findings of circumferential narrowing. A long interval after diagnosis and treatment of the primary disease does not allow malignancy to be ruled out.     

Perianal extramammary paget's disease associated with primary linitis plastica of the rectum: Report of a case

We report herein a case of perianal extramammary Paget's disease associated with primary linitis plastica of the rectum. An 82-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for investigation and treatment of a perianal eczematous lesion. A skin biopsy of the lesion revealed perianal extramammary Paget's disease and a barium enema demonstrated diffuse narrowing with an irregular contour at the ampulla recti. Under a suspected diagnosis of linitis plastica of the rectum, an abdominoperineal resection was performed to resect both the rectal and perianal lesions with regional lymphadenectomy. Grossly, marked narrowing and wall thickness were observed at the lower rectum, and a histological diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma was confirmed. The perianal eczematous lesion revealed many atypical cells with clear cytoplasm, being Paget cells, throughout the entire epidermis. Sparse distributions of signet ring cells were also observed in the subcutaneous tissue beneath the perianal eczematous lesion. The pathogenesis of perianal extramammary Paget's disease in this patient was therefore considered to be an intraepidermal extension of primary linitis plastica of the rectum.     

Gastric linitis plastica is not a surgical disease

In a 10-year period, 26 patients with gastric linitis plastica were identified at our institution. The 26 fell into two groups: In group I (nonresection group) seven underwent laparotomy and biopsy, three laparotomy, biopsy, and jejunostomy, and three patients were not explored; in group II (resection group) eight patients underwent total gastrectomy, two subtotal (85%) gastrectomy, one total gastrectomy with thoracic esophagectomy, one total gastrectomy with segmental resection of the tranverse colon, and one total gastrectomy with subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. There was one postoperative death in each group. In group II morbidity consisted of an anastomotic leak in one, pancreatic fistula in two, and pancreatitis in one patient. Mean survival of group I patients was 6.6 months. The mean survival of group II patients was 7.2 months. Patients who underwent total gastrectomy in the presence of peritoneal or liver metastasis lived 4 months. Those who underwent total gastrectomy in the presence of pancreatic involvement lived 4 months. Patients who underwent total gastrectomy for disease limited to the stomach and regional lymph nodes lived 13.6 months. Total gastrectomy for linitis plastica should be performed in those patients who have disease limited to the stomach or regional lymph nodes. Other patients should be offered alternative forms of treatment, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy.     

Primary linitis plastica of the rectum: Report of four cases and review of the literature

Primary linitis plastica of the rectum is a rare form of large bowel carcinoma, with only 30 cases having been reported in the English literature to date. Of significance is the fact that it carries a prognosis that is poor compared to other types of colorectal cancers. We report herein the cases of four patients with primary linitis plastica of the rectum who underwent surgery, followed by intensive postoperative chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives in our institution. A review of the literature is presented with special reference to the diverse treatment and prognosis of this unusual disease. Although three of the patients died of recurrent cancer, one has survived for 5 years and 10 months despite advanced disease. This is only the third reported case of a patient with linitis plastica of the rectum achieving 5-year survival. We believe that this unexpected long survival could be related to the patient's extensive lymphadenectomy and intensive postoperative chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-FU derivatives.     

Apparently bladder origin signet ring cell carcinoma: a case report

A 72-year-old woman with signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated with total cystectomy is described. The bladder yielded linitis plastica pattern of infiltration similar to that seen in the gastric cancer, i.e., cancer tissue extended almost whole bladder deeply to the serosa, whilst the mucosal surface was only minimally invaded. She received no adjuvant therapy and she is alive without recurrence 8 months after the operation. We review the reported cases and shortly discuss the prognosis and treatment of primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.     

Linitis plastica of the proximal part of the duodeno-jejunal angle. Apropos of a case]

The authors report the first case to date of primary linitis plastica localised to the proximal part of the small bowel. A 44-year-old man with a one-month history of vague abdominal symptoms was treated for a proximal jejunum perforation due to a linitis plastica and died 2 months later.     

Metastatic carcinoma of breast simulating Crohn's disease

A 52-year-old female had radical surgery on both breasts in 1971 and 1973 for infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. One year later, multiple metastases simulating Crohn's disease were found radiologically and intraoperatively in the colon and small bowel. The pathological examination revealed multiple areas of linitis plastica type carcinoma in the colon and small bowel. Review of the breast slides showed that the original breast carcinoma was morphologically identical to the metastatic lesions. The literature is reviewed and arguments are presented to attest that signet-ring-cell carcinoma of the breast is a distinct entity, which not too infrequently metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract.     

Primary linitis plastica of the small bowel. Case report

Linitis plastica carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. No case with origin in the small intestine has been reported in the available literature. A 29-year-old man with vague abdominal symptoms and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy was found to have primary linitis plastica of the ileum. The prognosis is poor.     

Primary linitis plastica of the rectum (author's transl)

One case of primary linitis plastica of the rectum is presented, adding to the 20 previous cases reported in the literature, the diagnosis was made aften excluding the stomach as a primary source by per operative palpation and radiographic examination. Absence of blood in the stools and predominant symptomatology of diarrhea explains the delay of diagnosis in this patient with chorea. About 20% of all reported cases occur in association with ulcerative colitis. The prognosis is poor; the maximal survival reported is 2 1/2 years; the mean survival time is about 4 months.     

Membranous glomerulonephritis. An initial symptom of gastric carcinoma?

A 51-year-old man was hospitalized and operated on for gastric carcinoma with widespread metastases and died two months after the laparatomy and biopsy examination. Two years prior to the operation, he deveoped nephrotic syndrome. Anaplastic carcinoma, linitis plastica form, of the stomach was found in the tumor biopsy examination and at autopsy. Light and electron microscopical studies of the kidney biopsy specimen taken at laparatomy confirmed the presence of membranous glomerulopathy. An immunologic basis of the concomitant appearance of malignant neoplasms and nephrotic syndrome is possible, based on reported cases. There is also a possibility that renal damage occurs more commonly in malignant neoplasms, but is not recognized clinically.     

Self-expanding metallic stent insertion in the proximal colon

Objective Colonic obstruction may be relieved by the insertion of a self‐expanding metallic stent (SEMS), either for permanent palliative relief or as a bridge to surgery. Lesions proximal to the descending colon can be more difficult to intubate and stent [ 1 ]. SEMS placement in the more proximal colon lesions has been reported in only a few cases [ 2 , 4 ]. The aim of this study was to review the outcome of SEMS for obstruction at the splenic flexure and above. Method A study of all colonic stents inserted in one specialist unit was undertaken. Patients’ demographics, site and aetiology of the underlying obstruction, success or other outcome of the procedures were collected. Thirty‐day morbidity and mortality were documented. Results Seven patients had proximal lesions: four in the transverse colon and three at the splenic flexure. Six patients had colorectal carcinoma and one had extrinsic compression from a gastric carcinoma. Six of the SEMS were inserted for permanent palliation, and one as a bridge to surgery. Stent placement was technically successful in six of the seven patients. In the seventh patient, there was a failure of expansion of the stent, after successful intubation of the lesion, which was in the distal transverse colon. One patient suffered from minor self‐limiting abdominal pain in the first 24 h after the procedure. There was no other SEMS related morbidity or mortality. All of the successfully stented patients were discharged from the surgical ward within 3 days after the procedure. Median survival time was 4.3 months (range 3–12 months). Three patients are still alive. Conclusion The SEMS is a useful tool in managing acute bowel obstruction. Placement of colonic stents proximal to the descending colon is safe, feasible and effective.     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术57例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌切除的手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析57例行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌切除手术患者的临床资料。结果51例顺利完成腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术,3例中转开腹（其中1例因肿瘤侵犯十二指肠,2例回盲部肿瘤〉8 cm）,3例因广泛转移仅行开关腹手术,无手术死亡。平均手术时间160（130-250）min,平均出血量110（50-150）ml,平均术后住院天数9.6（7-13）d。1例术后2 d发现肺部感染,1例术后第5 d出现不完全性肠梗阻,经对症处理后好转。57例随访6-36月,其中2例腹腔镜手术患者发生双肺部转移而死亡,1例开腹手术患者发生肝转移,1例发现Trocar穿刺处肿瘤种植并腹腔内远处转移,后2例患者放弃治疗。结论只要严格掌握手术适应证,熟练应用腹腔镜技术,腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌切除是安全可行的。     

Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (SEP) as a Delayed Complication of Continuous Hyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion (CHPP): Report of a Case

A 47-year-old woman underwent curative resection of advanced gastric cancer, followed by continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP). She was readmitted to our hospital 6 months after the operation with a diagnosis of postoperative adhesional ileus. An exploratory laparotomy revealed that the small intestine, which had normal serosa, was folded and enveloped in thickened peritoneum like a "cocoon," suggesting sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP). Because of tight adhesion in the ileocecal region, resection of the membrane was performed only in the feasible areas, followed by side-to-side anastomosis between the ileum and ascending colon. The patient has remained well for 15 months since this operation with no radiological signs or laboratory findings of recurrence. When small bowel obstruction does not show improvement with conservative treatment, and if the possibility of peritoneal cancer recurrence is excluded by thorough examinations, it is important to perform laparotomy early to resolve the symptoms of bowel obstruction and restore the patient's quality of life.     

Gastric amyloidosis mimicking malignancy. A case report

Amyloidosis is an abnormal extracellular deposition of insoluble proteins, which is associated with an involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in 50 to 70% of cases. In primary amyloidosis (light chain amyloidosis), localized gastric involvement is a rare finding which can mimic malignancy. We report the case of a 56-year-old man, admitted with upper digestive outlet obstruction. Linitis plastica with lymph node involvement was suspected by gastroscopy, barium meal and endoscopic ultrasonography but was not confirmed by gastric biopsies. The patient was treated with total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Pathological examination demonstrated gastric and lymph nodes amyloidosis and no malignant tumor was found. The patient died 9 months later from cardiac failure due to amyloidosis.     

Linitis plastica extending through the entire digestive tract. A case report

A 43-year-old man who presented a perplexing diagnostic challenge, had diffuse linitis plastica involving the entire gastrointestinal tract (autopsy). Although the usual primary site is the stomach in case of linitis plastica, invasion of the large and small bowel is rarely seen, but must be searched with proctoscopic exam and barium enema. We review the literature and discuss the pathogeny of this disorder.