结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗

目的：总结结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗的经验。 方法：回顾性分析2007年1月—2012年12月手术治疗并经病理证实的185例结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。 结果：同期手术治疗的结节性甲状腺肿患者共1 657例,185例（11.16%）合并甲状腺癌,其中乳头状癌158例（85.4%）,滤泡状癌17例（9.2%）,混合型癌9例（4.9%）,未分化癌1例（0.5%）。结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者钙化发生率（42.8%,74/173）明显高于单纯结节性甲状腺肿患者（10.8%,159/1472）（χ2=130.16,P=0.00）;砂砾钙化患者癌变率（100%,36/36）明显高于非砂砾样钙化者（19.3%,38/197）（χ2=91.49,P=0.00）。患者均行术中快速病理检查（除12例近期外院已确诊）,并根据不同情况均采取了不同范围的手术方式,术后均终生服用甲状腺素片。 结论：结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌时,多为分化好的乳头状癌。对于合并钙化,特别是砂砾样钙化的结节性甲状腺肿应积极手术治疗。结节性甲状腺肿的手术中应行快速病理检查帮助诊断,从而有利于术中选择正确的手术方式。     

桥本病合并结节性甲状腺肿的诊治分析

为总结桥本病 (HD)合并结节性甲状腺肿的诊治经验 ,回顾分析 1 7年间外科手术治疗的桥本病 1 38例中 2 6例 (1 8.84%)桥本病合并结节性甲状腺肿的临床资料。 2 6例中手术前诊断甲状腺癌 6例 ,结节性甲状腺肿 1 3例 ,甲瘤 2例 ,误诊率 80 .8%。 2例合并甲癌。术中根据快速病理检查结果 ,采取不同范围的手术。术后随访发生甲状腺机能减退 1例。提示桥本病临床上诊断困难 ,易误诊 ;应重视桥本病合并其他甲状腺疾病的诊断。术中快速病理检查是获得正确诊断的有效方法 ,有利于选择适当的手术方式。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌23例临床分析

目的分析结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌的临床特征、诊断和行甲状腺全切术+Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫术的必要性。方法回顾性分析23例结节性甲状腺肿合并多灶性甲状腺微小癌病人的诊疗过程和随访结果。结果 23例病人术前均做B超检查,其中诊断为甲状腺微小癌2例(9.1%),可疑为甲状腺微小癌16例(72.7%),上述均为单一病灶;其中可疑癌灶术前行细针穿刺细胞活检8例(36.4%),细胞学检查诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌6例(27.3%);23例病人术中冰冻病理均诊断为甲状腺微小乳头状癌并结节性甲状腺肿,其中仅3例为双侧、多灶性微小癌(13.04%);术后石蜡切片证实23例均为结节性甲状腺肿并多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌,多灶性为单侧3例(13.04%)。手术方法均为甲状腺全切术+患侧Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫,合并淋巴结转移15例(65.2%);术后均行促甲状腺激素抑制治疗,其中4例淋巴结转移病人行131I核素治疗。所有病人随访3~64个月,无局部复发或转移。结论术前B超检查、细针穿刺细胞学活检、术中冰冻病理检查有利于提高甲状腺微小癌的诊断率,但这些术前常规诊断方式及术中病理检查会明显低估和漏诊结节性甲状腺肿病人肿多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌。多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的诊断有赖于术后石蜡切片病理检查。对合并结节性甲状腺肿的甲状腺微小癌病人应行甲状腺全切术加患侧Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌72例临床分析

目的总结结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌的临床特点及其诊断和治疗要点。方法回顾分析1993-01—2010-01手术治疗并病理证实的72例结节性申状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌患者的临床资料。结果该组72例,占同期手术治疗结节性甲状腺肿患者的6.2%。术前彩超检查可疑恶性者占20.8%。术中快速冰冻检查诊断准确率为98.6%。病理类型以乳头状癌为主(93.1%)。手术方式主要是患侧腺叶+峡部切除+对侧腺叶次全/部分切除。结论结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌以乳头状癌为主,淋巴结转移发生率低。术中快速冰冻检查是诊断结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌的关键。对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺微小癌不做预防性淋巴结清扫是安全的。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌25例

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿中甲状腺癌的临床特征和预后。方法：回顾性分析手术治疗结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌２５例临床资料。结果：２５例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌,男６例,女１９例,年龄１２～６５（３６．８±１３．１）岁,占同期手术治疗３９５５例结节性甲状腺肿的０．６３％。术前、术中诊断甲状腺癌的占３２％,６８％为术后病理检查发现。甲状腺微小癌占４８％。结论：结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌预后较好。不能简单地认为结节性甲状腺肿是良性病变而忽略对其的处理,也不应过分强调甲状腺癌在治疗结节性甲状腺肿中的地位随意放宽手术指征,或扩大手术。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的临床特点和诊治原则。方法回顾性分析2005年1月—2007年12月期间收治的40例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者的临床病例资料。结果结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌中结节钙化的发生率(42.5%)明显高于单纯结节性甲状腺肿(16.7%)(P0.05);甲状腺单个结节癌变发生率(20.8%)显著高于一侧多个结节者(4.66%)(P0.01)。仅4例术前诊断为结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌。40例患者均行手术治疗,术中常规快速冷冻病理检查,并根据病理检查结果采取不同的手术方式,包括一侧全切4例,一侧全切一侧次全切除27例,双侧次全切1例,双侧全切8例。40例患者中行一侧颈部淋巴结清扫术11例。术后未发生明显声嘶,3例术后出现抽搐或手足麻木。孤立性结节的癌变率显著高于多发性结节(P0.05)。结论对单侧孤立结节或有钙化的甲状腺结节,应高度警惕结节恶变可能,需积极手术治疗;对结节性甲状腺肿术中必须行快速冷冻切片病理检查,以明确诊断。结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌需按甲状腺癌的处理原则进行。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌诊断与治疗

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌的临床特点及诊治原则。 方法：回顾性分析2003年10月—2011年10月收治的47例结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料。 结果：患者均表现为颈部包块或颈部增粗,术前B超显示结节伴细沙粒样钙化者19例（40.43%）。47例患者均行手术治疗,术后经病理学检查确诊为分化型甲状腺癌（其中乳头状癌36例,占76.60%;滤泡样癌11例,占23.40%）,手术方式包括：患侧腺叶+峡部全切术+VI区淋巴结清扫;两侧腺叶+峡部全切术+VI区淋巴结清扫;颈部淋巴结肿大、转移者加行改良颈清扫术。术后均给予左旋甲状腺素片治疗。47例患者术后随访6~36个月,平均为（15.6±8.9）个月,3例分别于术后16~33个月复发,再次手术,效果良好。全组无死亡病例。 结论：结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌术前诊断困难,术前超声检查可提供可考依据,术中快速冷冻切片病理学检查是提高甲状腺癌检出率的关键;个体化、精细规范的手术治疗对结节性甲状腺肿合并分化型甲状腺癌有良好的治疗效果。     

结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌262例回顾性分析

【摘要】 目的 总结结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌的临床特点及其诊断和治疗要点。方法 回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院1998年1月至2007年12月手术治疗并经病理证实的262例结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌病人的临床资料。结果 该组262例,占同期手术治疗甲状腺癌病人的33.9%。发病年龄以40～59岁多见,男:女为1∶5.2。临床表现以结节性甲状腺肿的临床表现为主。除近期行补充根治手术25例术前已明确诊断外,术前超声检查怀疑恶性病变者占70.0%,其中砂砾钙化39.2%。术中冰冻切片快速病理检查诊断准确率为93.2%,16例假阴性,无假阳性病例。肿块直径<2.0 cm 者占62.9%,其中微小癌40.1%,临床I期病例74%。病理类型以乳头状癌为主（93.1%）。手术方式包括患侧腺叶加峡部切除或加对侧腺叶次全切除术和全甲状腺切除术,对怀疑有颈部淋巴结转移者行颈淋巴结清扫术122例,46例有淋巴结转移。结论 结节性甲状腺肿并存甲状腺癌的癌灶较小且淋巴结转移发生率低,乳头状癌占绝对优势;术前超声和术中冰冻切片快速病理检查是提高并存甲状腺癌检出率的关键;对结节性甲状腺肿病人定期随访有利于提高并存甲状腺癌的早期诊断率。     

169例结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌并存的诊治体会

目的　探讨结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌并存时的诊治方法。方法　回顾性分析我院 196 1～ 2 0 0 0年手术治疗的 4 6 2 2例结节性甲状腺肿病例中 16 9例并存甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。结果　患者平均年龄 (42 .71±12 .96 )岁 ,病程平均 19.15年 ;4 3例出现短期内颈部肿块快速长大 ,32例有气管受压症状 ,2 7例出现声音嘶哑 ;行超声检查 10 5例 ,提示甲状腺癌者 5 2例 ;行放射性核素扫描检查 38例 ,2 4例显示甲状腺内凉结节或冷结节 ;行术前细针穿刺细胞学检查 18例 ,找到癌细胞 11例。术前确诊率为 12 .4 3%。术中行快速病理检查 5 7例 ,5 5例诊断为甲状腺癌。结论　在结节性甲状腺肿临床表现的基础上出现颈部肿块增长迅速、气管受压、声音嘶哑等症状时应高度怀疑结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌并存 ;甲状腺彩色超声多普勒、甲状腺核素扫描、细针穿刺细胞学等检查对诊断本病有重要意义 ;术前检查怀疑甲状腺癌者术中应行快速冰冻切片病理检查 ,可有效避免再次手术     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊治分析

目的提高结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析我院近年收治的158例结节性甲状腺肿患者的临床资料,所有患者均首先采用单侧或双侧甲状腺次全切除术,术中送冰冻病理检查,根据冰冻病理结果或石蜡切片病理结果补充行患侧甲状腺叶全切＋峡部＋对侧甲状腺叶次全切除术。结果158例结节性甲状腺肿患者中,合并甲状腺癌23例,其中乳头状腺癌22例,滤泡状腺癌1例。术后随访5-12个月,1例患者出现颈部淋巴结肿大,再次行功能性颈部淋巴结清扫术。Logistic回归分析显示,判断结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的因素中,结节个数较少与结节直径较小是结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的危险因素。结论对某些虽然无明确症状,但发现甲状腺有较小的实性结节的结节性甲状腺肿患者应持更积极的治疗态度。     

结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺癌关系的临床研究

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺癌的关系.方法应用免疫组化法检测结节性甲状腺肿58例,结节性甲状腺肿伴增生结节15例,甲状腺癌44例,正常甲状腺组织20例标本中p27蛋白的表达.结果 p27蛋白表达阳性率在正常甲状腺组织为60.5%,结节性甲状腺肿为38.6%,甲状腺癌为34.1%,无结节性甲状腺肿伴增生结节,结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺癌的p27蛋白表达阳性率明显高于结节性甲状腺肿伴增生结节的表达阳性率,均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.结论结节性甲状腺肿合并增生结节可能为癌前病变.     

Characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in Grave's disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nodular goiter

The biology of thyroid cancer represents a spectrum of behavior ranging from well-differentiated lesions with an excellent prognosis to anaplastic carcinoma, which is almost fatal. For this reason, it is important that clinicians have methods at their disposal to asses the characteristics of patient's thyroid malignancy. In this work we discuss the behavior of differentiated thyroid cancer in associated diseases of thyroid as: Graves' disease, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis--Hashimoto and nodular goiter. This is retrospectively reviewing of 50 patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma at Department of surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro in Podgorica from 1998 until 2003. We evaluated occurrence, as well as the role of this diseases in patients with thyroid cancer. We found a more favorable course of thyroid cancer in the presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and nodular goiter, a contrary Graves' disease. In associated diseases of thyroid, a significantly greater proportion of patients with thyroid cancer, have modular goiter.     

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??Coexisting nodular goiter and thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 262 cases HE Liang, ZHANG Hao??DONG Wen-wu, et al. Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: ZHANG Hao,E-mail: haozhang@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and the highlight of diagnosis and treatment of nodular goiter in patients with coexistent thyroid carcinoma??Methods A total of 262 nodular goiter coexisting with thyroid carcinoma patients underwent operations from January 1998 to December 2007 at the First Hospital, China Medical University were retrospectively reviewed??Results Two hundreds and sixty-two patients accounted for 33.9% in thyroid carcinoma patients at the same time. The age mainly ranged from 40 to 59 years. The sex ratio was 1:5.2 (male:female). The clinical characteristics were manifested as nodular goiter. In addition to 25 patients who received secondary operation had a clear diagnosis before surgery. 70.0% of tumors were suspected as malignant lesions by preoperative ultrasound examination, in which 39.2% exhibited as microcalcification. The accuracy rate of intra-operative fast frozen section pathological examination was 93.2%. Tumor nodules less than 2.0 cm in diameter accounted for 62.9%, and microcarcinomas accounted for 40.1%. Clinical phase I cases accounted for 74%. The main pathological type was papillary carcinoma??93.1%??. The various styles of thyroidectomy were performed according to the different pathological results?? Neck dissection was performed in 122 patients, and 46 of them had cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Most patients with coexisting thyroid carcinomas and nodular goiter have small tumor size and lower incidence of lymph node metastasis. The coexistent thyroid carcinoma was often well differentiated papillary cancer??The preoperative ultrasonography and the intra-operative fast frozen section examination are helpful for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in nodular goiter?? Regular follow-up in patients with nodular goiter could improve the early diagnostic rate of coexisting thyroid carcinoma.     

Quantitative immunomorphological criteria in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases

Quantitative assessment of the degree of pronouncement of lymphoid infiltration in the micropreparations of the thyroid gland (TG) allows to define the index of lymphoid infiltration according to which autoimmune reactions and autoimmune diseases can be differentiated. Similar reaction of stroma in cancer, nodular and mixed euthyroid, goiter and TG adenoma permits to consider the patients with nodular goiter as a group of risk for the development of cancer.     

CDFI在甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床应用价值探讨

目的探讨CDFI在甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法笔者所在医院2006年1月～2010年6月应用CDFI检查甲状腺疾病132例,总结分析常见的甲状腺疾病如甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺囊腺瘤、结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺癌、甲状腺功能亢进症、亚急性甲状腺炎、桥本甲状腺炎的超声声像图表现及CDFI显示情况。结果 132例中经病理或实验室确诊124例,超声诊断符合率93.9%。甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺囊腺瘤、结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺癌、甲状腺功能亢进症、亚急性甲状腺炎、桥本甲状腺炎的超声声像图表现及CDFI显示各具特点。结论 CDFI能清晰显示甲状腺病变的大小、位置、囊实性变等,彩色多普勒超声及CDFI的应用提高了对甲状腺疾病的诊断率。     

分化型甲状腺微小癌的诊断和治疗：附138例报道

目的:探讨分化型甲状腺微小癌(TMC)的临床特征与诊治疗经验。方法:回顾分析2007年1月—2013年12月间经手术及病理证实138例分化型TMC患者的临床资料,并与2012年1月—2013年12月间29例怀疑甲状腺恶性肿瘤而手术的良性甲状腺结节(BTN)患者资料对比分析。结果:138例TMC中,微小乳头状癌131例,微小滤泡状癌5例,微小混合型癌2例;49例合并结节性甲状腺肿,5例与结节性甲状腺肿和桥本甲状腺炎共存,7例合并桥本甲状腺炎,2例合并甲状腺功能亢进。与BTN患者比较,TMC患者中TI-RADS分级恶性诊断率明显升高、砂砾钙化率、超声造影检查中的恶性诊断率均明显升高(均P0.05)。所有TMC患者均行术中快速病理检查,患侧甲状腺全切84例,患侧甲状腺全切+对侧甲状腺部分切除46例,双侧甲状腺全切5例,患侧甲状腺全切+对侧甲状腺近全切除3例;85例患者行患侧中央区气管旁淋巴结清扫,3例患者加行患侧功能性颈部淋巴结清扫术。术后均终生服用甲状腺素片。结论:高分辨率彩超、TI-RADS分级及超声造影联合应用可提高甲状腺TMC诊断率,TMC多为分化好的乳头状癌,高钙化率,患侧腺叶加峡部切除同时行患侧中央区淋巴结清扫是其主要的手术方式。     

Repeated surgeries on the thyroid gland in nodular euthyroid goiter

Medical histories of 214 patients hospitalized with diagnosis "recurrent nodular goiter" were studied retrospectively. Complex clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination was carried out in all the patients. Comparative analysis demonstrated that in the structure of recurrent goiter nodular colloid form dominated (84.1%), only in 42.1% cases repeated surgeries were indicated. Other patients (15.9%) were the ones underwent surgery for other thyroid diseases (hypertrophied form of autoimmune thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, thyroid cysts, thyroid cancer). Inadequate surgery and prophylactic therapy with iodine drugs were the main causes of recurrent goiter. Adequate iodine prophylaxis (potassium iodide 100-200 mg per day), complex examination of patients, correct indications for primary surgery and adequate surgical volume, valuable postoperative therapy (iodine drug, LT-4 if it is necessary) permit to reduce the risk of recurrent nodular (multiple-nodular, diffuse-nodular) goiter. Ways of researches for improvement of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment results of "recurrence nodular goiter" are projected.