螺旋扩弓器与方丝弓矫治器联合矫治牙列轻度拥挤

矫治牙列轻度拥挤常常采用扩大牙弓的方法获得间隙，排齐牙齿。螺旋扩弓器能快速、有效地扩大牙弓，增加牙弓的宽度，提供排刘牙齿所需的足够间隙。方丝弓矫器在一空间上能有效地控制牙齿移动，精细调整牙位，使攻列排成理想牙弓形态。两种矫治器联合应用，使矫治器的效能优势互补，缩短了矫治疗程。本研究将两种矫治器联合应用矫治牙列轻度拥挤２０例，通过对矫治前后牙Ｈｅ石膏模型的测量比较，观察此方法对牙弓、基骨的宽度和长度     

上颌快速扩弓与自锁托槽矫治器联合应用的临床研究

目的评价上颌快速扩弓和自锁托槽矫治器联合应用对牙弓、基骨宽度的影响。方法对18例恒牙早期牙列中度拥挤病例以上颌快速扩弓和自锁托槽矫治器进行联合治疗,通过对矫治前后牙石膏模型的测量比较,观察牙弓、基骨宽度的变化。结果治疗后牙弓、基骨的宽度比治疗前增加,统计学分析有显著性差异。结论上颌快速扩弓和自锁托槽矫治器联合应用能使牙弓、基骨宽度快速增加,对牙列拥挤病例是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

快速扩展上颌牙弓治疗牙列拥挤非拔牙病例的临床观察

目的:观察中度牙列拥挤病例非拔牙快速扩大上颌牙弓的临床疗效.方法:应用国产Hyrax矫治器对13例12岁～14岁牙弓狭窄,牙列拥挤的安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类1分类病例进行快速扩大上颌牙弓配合方丝弓矫治技术进行非拔牙正畸治疗.每日将螺旋器开大0.5 mm(每日旋转2次,每次1/4圈),连续加力2周～3周后,配合方丝弓矫治器矫治牙弓所有畸形.结果:螺旋器加力2周～3周后,前牙即可出现间隙,伴有后牙反<牙合>得到解除.治疗前后上颌X线正中咬合片比较显示,楔形增宽腭中缝新骨增生,骨密度恢复正常.治疗前后模型测量结果显示,上颌第一磨牙和上颌第一前磨牙间宽度增加最明显,上颌尖牙间宽度增加较少,扩弓后牙弓长度缩短.结论:通过临床病例观察,应用Hyrax矫治器快速扩大上颌牙弓,配合方丝弓矫治技术,可有效矫治牙列拥挤的安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类1分类青春发育前期的病例,且远期效果比较稳定.     

扩大牙弓矫治牙列拥挤的体会

目的：观察扩大牙弓在矫治牙列拥挤的效果。方法：本文总结了自2003年以来通过扩大牙弓矫治的26例牙列拥挤患者。结果：通过矫治器将牙弓的宽度或长度扩大、在牙弓上获得一定间隙,从而使拥挤错位的牙齿排列整齐。结论：儿童处于生长发育阶段的恒牙早期或替牙期,扩大牙弓可获得良好的效果。     

TOMY自锁矫治技术对非拔牙矫治前牙反(牙合) 伴中度拥挤患者矫治效果1例报告并文献复习

目的：观察TOMY自锁矫治技术对非拔牙矫治前牙反（牙合）伴中度拥挤的疗效,探讨其在临床中的应用。方法：选取1例前牙反（牙合）伴中度拥挤患者,诊断为安氏Ⅲ类亚类错（牙合）、毛氏Ⅱ1+Ⅰ1类错（牙合）、高角、面部不对称,应用TOMY自锁矫治技术非拔牙矫治,测量其治疗前后的头颅定位侧位片以及牙弓长度、宽度、牙槽骨宽度及基骨弓宽度。结果：矫治后患者上下颌牙列排齐整平,达到中性（牙合）关系;矫治后SNA、SNB和ANB无明显变化,上前牙唇倾度增加10°,达到正常值;矫治后患者上下颌牙弓宽度、牙槽骨宽度、基骨弓宽度及牙弓长度均较矫治前有所增加。结论：临床上对于前牙反（牙合）伴牙列中度拥挤非拔牙患者,可考虑采用TOMY自锁矫治技术,通过增加牙弓宽度和长度来改善前牙反（牙合）牙列拥挤,以达到良好的矫治效果。     

牙弓狭窄患者早期矫治的临床分析

目的 对40例牙弓狭窄患者早期纠正已经存在或发展中的骨、牙和肌肉方面的不协调,使恒牙萌出之前有良好的口腔颌面环境.方法 采用活动扩弓矫治器矫治40例混合牙列期牙弓狭窄的患儿.结果 患儿牙弓长度增加,为恒牙的萌出提供了有利的间隙,减少了牙列的拥挤.结论 笔者认为牙弓狭窄早期矫治可增加牙弓长度,诱导恒牙正位萌出,从而降低恒牙列期拔牙矫治,有利于颌面的正常发育.     

拥挤错牙合的固定矫治

通过总结６例拥挤错牙合患者采用细丝弓扩弓的固定矫治方法，发现牙弓的长度、宽度和牙轴倾斜度均不同程度地增长，结果为拥挤的牙齿提供了间隙，临床疗效稳定，其 效率为９６．７％，提示对拥挤错牙合进行间隙分析后才确定是否拔牙或扩弓的方法是行之有效的。文章还对细丝弓技术的特点、扩弓的方法、效果和限度进行了讨论。     

Quad Helix矫治器在成人正畸中的临床应用

目的：探讨Quad Helix矫治器对成人牙弓狭窄的扩弓效果。方法：对18例成年人牙弓狭窄患者，采用Quad Helix矫治器进行扩弓治疗，测量扩弓前后第一前磨牙及第一磨牙宽度的变化。结果：模型测量发现，经过Quad Helix矫治器扩弓治疗的患者，均在半年左右时间内有效地扩大了牙弓，平均前磨牙区宽度扩大了4．7mm，磨牙区宽度扩大了5．9mm。结论：Quad Helix矫治器是一种能配合固定矫治进行扩弓治疗的有效装置，而且适用范围广，疗效确切．还可以用来移动个别牙齿及增强支抗。     

应用In-Ovation自锁托槽系统排齐和整平牙列过程中上颌牙槽弓及牙弓的变化

目的评价In-Ovation自锁托槽系统排齐和整平牙列过程中上颌牙槽弓及牙弓的变化。方法选取20例上颌牙列轻度拥挤的正畸患者（女13例，男7例，17～35岁），应用In-Ovation自锁托槽系统排齐和整平上颌牙列，在T1阶段（即治疗前）和T2阶段（即应用0.016英寸Ni-Ti圆丝排齐和整平结束时）分别制取患者上颌模型，所有模型用专用激光扫描仪扫描，并用Imageware图像软件分析处理，建立数字化研究模型，然后选取牙槽弓及牙弓测量标志点进行多项测量。应用SPSS12.0统计软件分析治疗前后上颌牙槽弓及牙弓宽度，牙弓长度及周长的变化。结果与T1阶段相比，T2阶段除了磨牙中央窝点间牙弓宽度测量项目外，所有牙槽弓、牙弓宽度测量值以及牙弓周长测量值均显著增大（P＜0.05），但牙弓长度的变化无统计学意义。结论对于上颌牙列轻度拥挤的患者，在应用In-Ovation自锁托槽系统排齐和整平牙列的初期，就可使上颌牙槽弓及牙弓宽度、牙弓周长均显著增大。     

单纯性牙列拥挤矫治的临床经验

目的 :对单纯性牙列拥挤的诊断、矫治计划的确立以及如何选用矫治器提供必要的帮助。方法 :通过模型分析 ,对牙量、牙槽弓长度进行测量 ,计算出牙的拥挤度、Bolton指数等。结果 :对于Ⅰ°拥挤一般不予减数矫治 ,Ⅱ°以上拥挤 ,一般均需减数矫治。结论 :固定矫治器在维持支抗、充分利用拔牙间隙排齐拥挤的牙列方面优于活动矫治器。关闭拔牙间隙可以用滑动法 ,也可以用关闭曲法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.