7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△4-雌甾烯-3酮的抗早孕作用

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△⁴-雌甾烯-3酮(简称7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮)对小鼠抗早孕ED₅₀分别为1.6和5.5 mg/kg。7α-甲-乙氧雌酮在大鼠也有抗早孕作用并使血浆孕酮浓度降低,应用10 μg/ml浓度能抑制离体妊娠大鼠卵巢孕酮合成。7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮与兔子宫胞浆雌二醇受体的相对结合亲和力(RBA)分别为10.8和1.5,与孕酮受体的RBA均<1.7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮都有较弱的雌激素和抗雌激素活性。     

温敏性吲哚美辛/β-环糊精包合物的制备及体外评价

目的合成兼具温敏性及药物包合能力的新型药物载体聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-β-环糊精(PNIPA-β-CD)，以吲哚美辛为模型药物，考察该载体的释药行为。方法末端带羧基的PNIPA与改性后的环糊精衍生物在1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺(EDC)的作用下缩合，得到PNIPA-β-CD，采用冻干法制备吲哚美辛/PNIPA-β-CD包合物。红外、¹H NMR和DSC表征载体的结构及包合物的形成；用分光光度法测定载体材料的LCST，并进行包合物体外释药研究。结果PNIPA-β-CD在35 ℃发生相转变，吲哚美辛/PNIPA-β-CD包合物的载药量为5.8％，药物与载体摩尔比为0.97∶1。体外释放研究表明吲哚美辛/PNIPA-β-CD包合物在37 ℃的释药比其在25 ℃的释放要慢，在LCST以上具有一定的缓释作用。结论该载体既具有温敏性，又具有药物包合作用，并且在体温条件下具有缓释作用，是一种新型的温敏性药物载体。     

用核磁共振新技术测定川续断皂甙F和H1两个新皂甙的结构及光谱规律研究

从川续断(Dipsacus asperoides c．Y．cheng et T．M．Ai)根部的乙醇提取物中得到二个新三萜皂甙，命名为川续断皂甙(asperosaponins)F和H₁。川续断皂甙F(I)是含六个糖的皂甙，川续断皂甙H₁(II)是含八个糖的皂甙。运用化学方法及光谱(¹HNMR，¹³CNMR，¹H-¹H COSY，——维多重接力COSY，选择性远程DEPT和三重共振NOE差谱)解析，鉴定其结构分别为3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元(I)和3-0-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L一吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙(II)。并总结出一些光谱方面的变化规律，可用于糖的鉴定，以及构型、糖链的连接顺序和糖与甙元之间的连接位置的说明。     

VKORC1-3673G>A、CYP2C9*3、CYP4F2 rs2108622和CYP2C19*2基因多态性对中国汉族房颤患者华法林维持剂量的影响

目的 探讨VKORC1-3673G>A、CYP2C9^*3、CYP4F2 rs2108622和CYP2C19^*2位点基因多态性对中国汉族房颤患者华法林维持剂量的影响。方法 收集107例服用华法林达维持剂量的汉族房颤患者的血样和临床相关资料,应用PCR-RFLP法检测VKORC1-3673G>A、CYP2C9^*3、CYP4F2 rs2108622和CYP2C19^*2基因型,采用独立样本t检验分析基因型与华法林维持剂量的相关性。多元线性回归建立给药模型,探讨基因多态性对华法林维持剂量的影响。结果 VKORC1-3673G>A、CYP2C9^*3、CYP4F2 rs2108622基因多态性和患者年龄、体质量能解释45.2%的华法林维持剂量差异。CYP2C19^*2基因多态性对本研究人群华法林维持剂量无影响。结论 VKORC1-3673G>A、CYP2C9^*3、CYP4F2 rs2108622基因多态性显著影响中国汉族房颤患者的华法林维持剂量。     

极谱法研究辅酶Q10与β-环糊精的包结行为

目的研究辅酶Q_{10与β-环糊精(β-CD)的包结行为。方法用极谱法考察主体分子β-CD与电活性客体分子辅酶Q10发生包结反应时，包结物还原波峰电流随时间的变化，峰电位随β-CD浓度的变化，并在自然光照条件下分别考察辅酶Q10和包结物的还原波峰电流随时间的变化。结果在0.1 mol·L^-1 HAc/NaAc (pH 4.7)的乙醇-水(60∶40)介质中，辅酶Q10与β-CD形成1∶1的包结物，测得其包结常数kf为1.26×10⁴ L·mol^-1，包结反应的表观速率常数k为6.64×10^-2 min^-1。并测得辅酶Q10的光降解表观速率常数k为7.77×10^-3 min^-1，辅酶Q10-β-CD包结物的k为3.38×10^-3 min^-1。结论辅酶Q10和β-CD可形成包结物，并在一定程度上提高了辅酶Q10的光稳定性。}     

13C核磁共振技术测定鱼肝油中ω-3脂肪酸α(1,3)-酰基和β(2)-酰基的位次分布

目的 应用¹³C核磁共振（¹³C-NMR）光谱测定鱼肝油中ω-3脂肪酸[十八碳四烯酸（C18：4 n-3,moroctic acid,MA）、二十碳五烯酸（C20：5 n-3,eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（C22：6 n-3,docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）]形成的甘油三脂中α（1,3）-酰基、β（2）-酰基的位次分布。方法 用CDCl₃溶解样品,利用高分辨核磁共振光谱直接测定。结果 鱼肝油中MA、EPA和DHA α（1,3）-酰基、β（2）-酰基在δ 171.5~173.5 ppm的化学位移与文献报道基本一致。2批次鱼肝油未发现上述ω-3脂肪酸特征峰,4批次鱼肝油有特征峰检出,但是β（2）-酰基的位次分布不同。按照β（2）-酰基的比例,4批鱼肝油来源于家养鱼类提取的可能性较大。结论 应用该¹³C核磁共振技术可以鉴别鱼肝油的优劣,方法简单、快捷。     

拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢研究

目的探讨拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢产物及其过程.方法ip拟人参皂苷F₁₁后,应用TLC分析排泄物中的代谢产物,并利用制备薄层分离制备代谢产物,通过波谱解析(MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹HCOSY)确定其结构.结果从粪便中分离鉴定了3种代谢产物,分别为拟人参皂苷R_T5,ocotillol和1个新的代谢产物F-3-1,并确定其结构为6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(20S,23S,24R)-达玛-20(24)-环氧-3β,6α,12β,23,25-五醇(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S,23S,24R)-dammar-20(24)-epoxy-3-β,6α,12β,23,25-pentanol).但在尿液和胆汁中并未发现任何代谢产物.结论拟人参皂苷F₁₁不被肝脏代谢,但胆汁排泄物可在肠道被代谢为水解和氧化产物.     

多色探针熔解曲线法在卡马西平不良反应相关基因检测中的临床评价

目的 对多色探针熔解曲线法（multicolor melting curve analysis,MMCA）用于卡马西平不良反应相关的HLA-B^*15：02基因检测进行临床评价。方法 收集厦门市中心血站1 147份厦门地区无偿献血者的外周静脉血样本,经基因DNA提取后,按双盲对照试验,分别应用MMCA法和HLA-SBT测序法对各样本进行HLA-B^*15：02基因检测,比较2种检测方法的符合率。对于检测结果不一致的标本,采用第三方Sanger测序和电泳验证,计算总符合率。结果 采用MMCA法共检出77份HLA-B^*15：02阳性标本,1 070份HLA-B^*15：02阴性标本。采用HLA-SBT测序法共检出74份HLA-B^*15：02阳性标本,1 070份HLA-B^*15：02阴性标本,以及3份无明确的分型信息的标本（仅显示为B^*15：VG-B^*15：CYS型）。该3份标本经Sanger测序以及电泳验证,确认为HLA-B^*15：02阳性标本。因此,MMCA法检测HLA-B^*15：02基因的阳性检出率为100%（77/77）,阴性检出率为100%（1 070/1 070）,总符合率为100%（1 147/1 147）。此外,在1 147份临床标本中共检出77份阳性结果,HLA-B^*15：02的携带率为6.7%（77/1147）,这与文献报道的数据基本一致。结论 MMCA法用于HLA-B^*15：02基因的检测,具有简便、快速、灵敏度高、特异性强等优点,可应用于卡马西平不良反应相关的HLA-B^*15：02基因的临床辅助检测。     

远程二维核磁共振和NOE差谱法研究新生物碱马尾杉碱N的结构

自华南马尾杉[Phlegariurus fordii(Baker)Ching]中分得新生物碱—马尾杉碱N(Ⅰ)。它含有七个季碳。本工作采用远程¹³C—¹HCOSY和远程增强型¹H—¹HCOSY新技术与NOE差谱相配合的方法成功地连接被季碳和杂原子分隔开的自旋系统,推定了其结构。     

β-谷甾醇侧链的降解:Δ4-雄甾烯-3,17-二酮的生成

用牝牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium vaccae 209-20)切断β-谷甾醇(Ib)的侧链,获得△⁴-雄甾烯-3,17-二酮(Ⅱ)和少量的△^1.4-雄甾烯-3,17-二酮(Ⅲ)。产物Ⅱ的收率为32%。     

Solubility study of tolbutamide in monocomponent and dicomponent solutions of water

Solubility of tolbutamide was studied in different monocomponent (aqueous solutions of surfactant or β-cyclodextrin) and dicomponent solutions (aqueous solutions of surfactant with β-cyclodextrin). Surfactants used were Tween 20 (Polysorbate 20), Brij 35 (Poloxyl 23 lauryl ether) and sodium lauryl sulphate. In dicomponent solutions, surfactant/β-cyclodextrin ratios were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 mol/mol. Results of drug solubility from demineralised water and monocomponent solutions containing different surfactants in various concentrations were almost the same, even though most of the used concentrations were above the critical micelle concentrations of some of the surface active agents. Although tolbutamide/β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound was formed in the monocomponent solutions of β-cyclodextrin, however, the formation of an inclusion compound was impeded in the Brij 35/β-cyclodextrin and sodium lauryl sulphate/β-cyclodextrin dicomponent solutions. Data indicate that surfactants compete with drug molecules to form inclusion compounds with β-cyclodextrin and eventually modify the drug solubility. Results also demonstrate that the resultant competitive binding depends on the chemistry of surface active agents.     

薄荷脑-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的红外光谱分析

目的建立红外光谱分析鉴定薄荷脑-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物形成并表述其分子结构信息的方法。方法采用红外光谱仪测定薄荷脑、羟丙基-β-环糊精、薄荷脑与羟丙基-β-环糊精1∶1混合物及薄荷脑与羟丙基-β-环糊精配比不同时包合物的溴化钾压片在室温下的红外光谱。同时还测定了薄荷脑及其包合物在变温情况下的红外光谱。结果比较薄荷脑、羟丙基-β-环糊精、薄荷脑与羟丙基-β-环糊精1∶1混合物和薄荷脑-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的红外光谱,薄荷脑的一些特征峰在包合物中消失了,另一些特征峰向高波数方向发生了位移,而羟丙基-β-环糊精及其薄荷脑包合物的红外光谱则非常相似。但薄荷脑与羟丙基-β-环糊精1∶1混合物与其包合物的光谱特征频率有着明显的差异。在升温的情况下,薄荷脑及其包合物红外光谱最明显的变化反映在羟基特征频率随着温度升高向高波数方向发生位移。结论红外光谱表征证明薄荷脑与羟丙基-β-环糊精相互作用形成分子间氢键,并已嵌入其疏水空腔中形成包合物。同时包合物的热稳定性比薄荷脑有改善,但随温度升高仍有变化。     

Enhanced oral bioavailability of acyclovir by inclusion complex using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Abstract

The therapeutic potential of acyclovir is limited by the low oral bioavailability owing to its limited aqueous solubility and low permeability. The present study was a systematic investigation on the development and evaluation of inclusion complex using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of acyclovir. The inclusion complex of acyclovir was prepared by kneading method using drug: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1:1 mole). The prepared inclusion complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy and evaluated in vitro by dissolution studies. In vivo bioavailability of acyclovir was compared for inclusion complex and physical mixture in rat model. Phase solubility studies indicate the formation of acyclovir–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex with higher stability constant and linear enhancement in drug solubility with increase in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration. Characterization of the prepared formulation confirms the formation of acyclovir–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Dissolution profile of inclusion complex demonstrated rapid and complete release of acyclovir in 30?min with greater dissolution efficiency (90.05?±?2.94%). In vivo pharmacokinetic data signify increased rate and extent of acyclovir absorption (relative bioavailability ～160%; p?<?0.0001) from inclusion complex, compared to physical mixture. Given the promising results in the in vivo studies, it can be concluded that the inclusion complex of acyclovir could be an effective and promising approach for successful oral therapy of acyclovir in the treatment of herpes viruses.     

Solid-state characterization and dissolution characteristics of gliclazide-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Solid complexes between gliclazide and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared by kneading, coprecipitation, neutralization, co-grinding and spray-drying. Characterization of gliclazide-β-CD inclusion complexes was performed using X-ray diffractometry and cross polarizing/magic angle spinning ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These techniques have clearly demonstrated the existence of solid-state inclusion compound formation. The complexes, obtained by neutralization and spray-drying methods, showed enhanced dissolution rates of gliclazide.     

Inclusion complexation of amide-typed local anaesthetics with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives. I. Physicochemical characterization

Qualitative aspects of the inclusion complexation of two local anaesthetics of the amide-type (LAs), bupivacaine (BVC) and lidocaine (LDC) with three cyclodextrins (CDs), β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and its alkylated derivatives 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and heptakis (2,6-di-o-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD), were studied in the solid state by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The LDC-βCD couple was also investigated in aqueous solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR). This first part of a study dealing with improvement in LA administration provided clear indications about LA-CD complexation. Qualitative modifications in a number of peaks or bands obtained from spectral methods as well as thermal analysis signed the inclusion, showing that the freeze-drying method was suitable for obtaining inclusion complexes of LAs with CDs.     

羟丙基-β-环糊精对他克莫司的增溶作用

目的:制备他克莫司/羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,考察羟丙基-β-环糊精对药物的增溶作用。方法:采用搅拌法制备他克莫司/羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,相溶解度法考察羟丙基-β-环糊精对药物的增溶作用,并用差式扫描量热法和X-射线衍射法对包合物进行鉴定。结果:羟丙基-β- 环糊精可显著增加他克莫司在水中的溶解度,并且随着羟丙基-β-环糊精质量浓度和试验温度的增加,他克莫司的溶解度明显增加,在25 ℃及羟丙基-β-环糊精浓度为0.50g.mL-1条件下,他克莫司的溶解度从2.07μg.mL-1增加到167.74μg.mL-1;差式扫描量热法和X-射线衍射法确证包合物已形成。结论:羟丙基-β-环糊精对他克莫司有显著的增溶作用。     

Interaction of artesunate with β-cyclodextrin: Characterization, thermodynamic parameters, molecular modeling, effect of PEG on complexation and antimalarial activity

Inclusion of artesunate in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as well as its methyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives was investigated experimentally and by molecular modeling studies. The effect of PEG on the inclusion was also studied. A 1:1 stoichiometry was indicated by phase-solubility studies both in the presence and absence of PEG and suggested by the mass spectrometry. The mode of inclusion was supported by 2D NMR and results were further verified by docking studies utilizing Fast Rigid Exhaustive Docking acronym. The thermodynamic parameters were determined for both binary and ternary systems using solution calorimetry and were found to be best for the methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD) system. However, the presence of PEG improves the complexation ability as evident from elevation in the numerical value of the stability constant (K). Solubility and dissolution profile of binary complex is enhanced in the presence of PEG, which is approximately at par with drug Me-β-CD complexes. In vivo studies showed 100% survivability in artesunate–Me-β-CD complexes.     

Einschlußverbindungen von Cyclodextrinen mit Piperazin

Inclusion Compounds of Cyclodextrins and Piperazine. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy proves the formation of an inclusion compound between β-cyclodextrin and piperazine in aqueous solution. No adduct is formed with α- or γ-cyclodextrin. A crystalline 1:1-inclusion compound of β-cyclodextrin and piperazine can be obtained from aqueous solution coutaining an excess of piperazine.     

Inclusion complex of colchicine in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin tenders better solubility and improved pharmacokinetics

Context: Colchicine (CLC) causes cell death by destabilizing the tubulin unit. However, it ionizes at physiological pH resultant low bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Objectives: We have attempted to augment the bioavailability of CLC by fabricating the inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD).

Materials and methods: CLC-HP-β-CD inclusion complex was prepared and evaluated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy and rotating frame overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY). Oral bioavailability of CLC-HP-β-CD inclusion complex was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography method.

Results and discussion: Our phase-solubility data indicated the formation of a stable complex with K_c ~0.31?mM^?1 at pH 7.4. ¹H NMR ascertains that NHCOCH₃ moiety of CLC enters in the HP-β-CD cavity and deshielded the H-3 and H-5 protons. ROESY also correlates the H_f and H_g of CLC with H-3 and H-5 protons of HP-β-CD and indicates that H_f and H_g protons of CLC are present either as cis and/or trans form in CLC-HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a 1.82-fold increase in absolute bioavailability of CLC upon complexation.

Conclusion: CLC-HP-β-CD inclusion complex may potentially be used as a viable formulation of CLC.