Nutrition education by a registered dietitian improves dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of a NCAA female volleyball team

Eleven female participants from a NCAA Division I volleyball team were evaluated for adequate energy and macronutrient intake during two off-seasons. Total energy and macronutrient intake were assessed by food records and results were compared against estimated needs using the Nelson equation. Dietary intervention was employed regarding the individual dietary needs of each athlete as well as a pre- and post-sports nutrition knowledge survey. Post dietary intervention, total energy, and macronutrient intake improved, as well as a significant improvement in sports nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001). Nutrition education is useful in improving dietary intake and nutrition knowledge of female athletes.     

Nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses in Lebowa, South Africa: implications for nutrition services delivery

Background: Nutrition-related health problems are prevalent in South Africa, particularly in the black communities in the Homelands and black rural areas. Lebowa, one of the Homelands in the Northern Transvaal province, has inadequate nutrition services, without qualified nutrition professionals. The responsibility of nutrition care in Lebowa rests with clinic or community health nurses, who have limited nutrition training.
Aim: To determine the current nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses in Lebowa.
Method: Clinic nurses ( n =99) in Lebowa answered a 40-item nutrition knowledge test (NKT) and five demographic questions.
Results: The general performance of the clinic nurses on the NKT was poor, 14±3.8 (35%) answers correct, with scores ranging from 4 to 25 (10% to 63%) answers correct.
Conclusion: Considering the responsibility the nurses are entrusted with regarding nutrition care, the current nutrition knowledge of clinic nurses is a cause for concern. The results of this study provide a basis for nutrition education efforts directed at community health nurses.     

医学生营养知识态度及饮食行为现况

探讨医学本科生营养知识、态度及其饮食行为现况及影响因素,为临床医学教育改革提供参考依据.方法 采用自行编制的“临床医学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为问卷”,对分层整群随机抽取的某医学院校临床医学专业学生进行问卷调查,共获得有效问卷446份.结果 临床医学生营养知识最高得分为大四女生的(82.19±15.49)分,最低得分为大一男生的(52.75±21.72)分;营养态度、饮食行为分量表Cronbachα系数分别为0.84,0.79;饮食行为提取5个初始公因子,累计贡献率达到85.19%.家庭经济状况、性别、年级等对临床医学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为存在不同程度影响.结论 临床医学生营养知识、饮食行为有待于加强或改善.     

非医学生营养知识、态度和饮食行为调查

目的了解非医学生营养知识、营养态度和饮食行为,为进一步的营养健康教育和营养干预提供参考依据。方法选取河南省某高校非医学专业学生328名,采用发放调查问卷的形式进行营养知识及饮食行为的现场调查。结果非医学专业大学生营养知识得分较低,男女无差异,膳食不合理比例较高(58%),原因是习惯按口味选择食物和缺乏营养知识,牛奶、鸡蛋和肉食摄入较少,学生饮食消费水平多集中在300元~400元。结论应从加强营养教育和提高学校餐饮质量等方面着手,提高学生的身体素质。     

成都市小学生营养知识水平调查分析

目的 调查成都市小学生膳食营养与健康知识知晓情况,为开展营养健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取成都市2所小学的958名学生进行问卷调查.结果 成都市小学生营养知识知晓率为84.53％,良好行为形成率为77.83％,学生获得营养知识的主要途径是家长、学校和广播电视.结论 无论是营养健康知识或行为,成都市小学生都存在一定的问题,但他们有改善自己膳食结构的愿望,应当进一步加强对小学生的营养知识健康教育.     

某卫校护理专业学生营养知识水平调查

目的了解某卫校护理专业学生营养知识水平,包括临床营养知识水平,为进行有效营养教育提供依据。方法对随机抽取的289名学生进行问卷调查。结果学生营养知识总得分为56.7±10.2,其中基础营养知识得分为33.6±6.6,临床营养知识得分为23.1±6.6,及格率分别为43.6%,77.2%,15.2%。二年级学生的营养知识得分均显著高于一年级（P〈0.01）,城市学生BM I指数〈18.5的比例高于农村学生（P〈0.05）。结论学生营养知识较差;在卫校学生中加强营养学教育,包括基础营养学和临床营养学教育,是非常必要的。     

Nutritional knowledge and attitudes of registered nurses.

Nutritional knowledge and attitudes of hospital nurses in Nebraska and their perceptions of the role of the dietitian in patient care were studied. In general, they had favorable attitudes toward nutrition. Although their knowledge was adequate, they lacked confidence in that knowledge. The nurses perceived dietitians in an educational rather than a service role. Older nurses had more favorable attitudes but were less knowledgeable than younger ones. More knowledgeable nurses had more positive attitudes toward their own role in nutrition education and toward the team approach to health care.     

中小学生营养知识、态度、行为调查与分析

利用 1998～ 2 0 0 0年在四川、山东、黑龙江和广东省开展的“膳食指南营养教育项目”的基线调查资料 ,对 15 2 4名中、小学生的营养知识、态度和行为三方面的情况进行综合分析。结果显示 ,他们均表现出乐于接受营养知识 ,注重自身营养状况的良好态度 ,但对基础营养知识的了解有待提高。在饮食行为方面 ,78 3%的学生在家吃早餐 ,早餐食物以粥、面包等非油炸谷类食物为主。每天喝奶的学生平均只有 31 4%。曾接触过膳食指南知识的中小学生近 2 0 % ,在知识水平和膳食行为上优于其它学生。营养知识对其饮食行为产生积极影响     

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes

Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.     

Nutrition knowledge assessed by a structured questionnaire in a group of medical in-patients

A short questionnaire to test understanding of the principles of nutrition was designed and administered to 128 patients in a general medical ward.
The questionnaire was based on three components: familiarity with nutrition terms, knowledge of the principles of current recommendations, and understanding of the practical application of these recommendations. Although scores for each of the three components of nutrition knowledge correlated strongly with the overall understanding of individuals, there was rather poor correlation between the components, the lowest correlation being between knowledge of theoretical principles and understanding of the practical measures needed to implement current recommendations.
Compared with the remainder of the sample, significantly better total scores were recorded by subjects in the age group 20–39 and significantly worse in the age group 60–79. Significantly better scores were also found in subjects who had received dietary advice from a dietitian.     

Development and Implementation of Nutrition Education on Dietary Diversification for Primary School Children

A quasi-experimental one group pretest/posttest design study was undertaken in two primary schools from two rural villages of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa. About 172 children aged 9–14 years in Grades 5 and 6 were recruited for the study. All children in the grades were invited to participate pending written consent from parents and verbal assent from children. Due to school migration and absenteeism, only 154 children were available for posttest evaluation. However, nutrition education was administered to all 172 children. Nutrition education focused on types and health benefits of indigenous foods and was divided into three lessons. Observation and counting was used to note the responses given by children. The results suggest that the nutrition education was effective in imparting knowledge to children as well improving dietary diversification with indigenous foods. It is concluded that nutrition education is a valuable tool to change eating behaviors.     

Public knowledge,attitudes and behaviour regarding antibiotics

Objective: To assess public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding antibiotics to provide information for a local health education policy.

Design: Postal survey to 605 patients registered with two general medical practices in Grampian, NorthEast Scotland (351 respondents, 59.3%) in February/ March 2000. Questionnaire topics covered attitudes, knowledge and behaviour towards antibiotic use.

Results: 326 (93%) bad experience of antibiotic use and 319 (81%) were happy to take antibiotics when necessary. 158 (45%) were concerned about antibiotic resistance. Few would expect antibiotics to treat a slight cold or heavy cold, but around half would expect antibiotics for very sore throats and influenza. 262 (75%) indicated they would ask a pharmacist for advice about the treatment of RTI. Most respondents experienced at least one episode of RTI during the review period. 280 (80%) provided details of their most recent episode; most self-treated, 57 consulted a doctor of whom 43 (75%) were prescribed antibiotics.

Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance is a matter of concern for the public. Mixed opinions about the use of antibiotics for common respiratory tract infection were heard. Encouragingly the majority of people suffering an RTI during the review period treated themselves with paracetamol-based products for symptom relief. Those who consulted a doctor were in the minority but were likely to be prescribed antibiotics. Future local health education initiatives should target antibiotic use for sore throats as well as colds and flu.     

攀枝花市某医院医护人员营养知识问卷调查

目的了解医护人员营养知识现状,为临床营养学科建设和发展提供依据。方法随机抽取攀枝花市某三级甲等医院临床及医技人员180人进行问卷调查,用SPSS 11.0统计软件进行统计分析,2个均数的比较用t检验,多个均数的比较用方差分析,两两比较用LSD法。结果该院医护人员营养知识平均得分为75.46±9.66,不同职称、学历、职务、职业、性别之间差异无统计学意义;但不同科室间有差异,经两两比较内科得分高于外科、妇产科和其他科室,儿科得分也高于外科和妇产科,其他科室得分低于内科而高于妇产科。基础营养知识平均得分(87.14±7.85)显著高于临床营养知识平均得分(59.76±15.10)。得分合格率分布不均衡,基础营养知识及格率占98.69%,临床营养知识及格率仅占52.29%。结论该院临床及医技人员营养知识尚停留在学历教育阶段,临床营养知识普遍缺乏,已明显滞后于该学科发展的需要。     

南京江宁区小学生营养KAP调查及干预效果评价

目的 了解江苏省南京市江宁区小学生营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)及干预效果。方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取江宁区2所小学共2434名小学生,对1所小学进行为期4个月营养教育干预,分别于干预前后对2所小学进行KAP问卷调查。结果 营养教育后,干预组小学生营养知识知晓率由< 40%提高到> 70%,改变不良饮食习惯态度比例由83.84%提升到92.43%;饮食行为方面,学生每天喝牛奶、选择在校吃营养午餐、不剩饭、饭前均洗手、不每天吃零食、饮用白开水比例分别由干预前的79.93%、34.78%、57.57%、54.17%、54.51%、76.36%,提高到干预后的92.18%、49.32%、67.01%、80.10%、67.26%、89.63%,差异均有统计学意义,对照组前后差异无统计学意义。结论 小学生营养知识较匮乏,且存在不良饮食习惯,经过营养教育干预后,小学生营养知识水平明显提高,饮食行为也有所改变。     

Relationship between knowledge and claimed compliance with genuine and false nutrition messages

Nutrition education messages about eight different foods, four of them genuine and four false, were set in a Latin square and eight questionnaires were produced and distributed to customers sitting in a cafe. For each message, subjects were asked to score the extent of their agreement and compliance. Scores were adjusted to remove effects of sex, age group and social class. Correlation coefficients between agreement and compliance scores were significant (P < 0.001) for each message. Subjects who had correct knowledge tended towards correct behaviour and those who agreed with misconceptions tended to have incorrect behaviour.     

职业女性健康知识知晓情况的调查与分析

目的 了解职业女性目前的健康意识及健康知识知晓情况,为进行有针对性的健康教育提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,对调查对象进行自编统一问卷调查,将所有的数据运用SPSS 11.0软件包进行统计学分析.结果 该人群健康意识较强,98.7%的人知道健康是属于自己的;健康新概念知识的知晓率普遍较低,四大健康基石知晓率为13.9%,合理营养与平衡膳食原则知晓率为14.5%,世界卫生组织提出的身体“五快”（快吃、快语、快行、快睡、快便） 只有14.3%的人知道;慢性病知识知晓率超过半数,但血压超过哪个值疑似高血压有45.0%不知道;医科大学教师普遍比其他职业健康知识知晓率高.结论 虽然职业女性健康意识较强,但总的健康知识知晓率不高,根据女性的不同职业特点进行有针对性的健康教育势在必行.     

Nutrition education intervention improves vegetable-related attitude, self-efficacy, preference, and knowledge of fourth-grade students

BACKGROUND: Impact of a classroom‐based, standardized intervention to address limited vegetable consumption of fourth graders was assessed. METHODS: A 4‐lesson, vegetable‐focused intervention, revised from extant materials was repurposed for Pennsylvania fourth graders with lessons aligned with state academic standards. A reliability‐tested survey was modified, then examined for face and content validity and test‐retest reliability. Lessons and evaluation materials were modified through an iterative testing process with educator feedback. A nonequivalent control group design was stratified by local Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) partnering organizations with random assignment of participating elementary schools as control (N = 68) or intervention (N = 72) treatments. Independent t‐tests compared control and intervention group changes. A mixed effects model was created to account for classroom effects from the nested sampling method of selecting classrooms within SNAP‐Ed partnering organizations. General linear model univariate analyses of variance were conducted to assess intervention effects considering gender, and food preparation/cooking experience. RESULTS: During a 3‐ to 5‐week time frame, 57 intervention classrooms (N = 1047 students) and 51 control classrooms (N = 890) completed pre‐ and post‐testing. Intervention students improved in vegetable‐related attitude, self‐efficacy, preference, and knowledge scores (p < .001). For example, intervention vegetable preference increased 1.56 ± 5.80 points; control group mean increase was only 0.08 ± 4.82 points. Group differences in score changes were not affected by gender or interactions between gender and food preparation/cooking experience with family. CONCLUSIONS: A defined intervention delivered in a SNAP‐Ed setting can positively impact mediators associated with vegetable intake for fourth‐grade students.     

浦东新区小学生零食知信行营养教育效果评价

目的评价营养教育对浦东新区小学生零食知信行的影响效果,为改善小学生零食行为提供依据。方法在浦东新区每街镇抽取2所小学,分别分为干预组和对照组,对干预组开展为期3个月的营养教育,并对干预效果进行评估。结果共调查小学生7 276名,营养教育后,城乡地区干预组营养知识知晓率及态度提高差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);干预组零食行为较干预前提高,且整体优于对照组,但城区干预组常吃新鲜蔬果或坚果的比例不到9%;常吃含糖饮料及糕点的比例仍高于10%;在饮料行为方面,城乡干预组常喝果蔬饮料的比例不到20%,而常喝碳酸饮料的比例超过20%。结论营养教育能提高小学生对零食的认知及态度,对零食行为有一定改善作用。