可切除结直肠癌肺转移的预后因素分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌肺转移根治性切除术后的预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析行根治性切除术的60例结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床资料.结果 全组患者肺转移瘤切除术后和结直肠癌切除术后的5年生存率分别为43.7%和74.0%.单因素分析结果显示,肺转移瘤数目和无瘤间期与结直肠癌术后患者的总生存率有关(均P＜0.05),肺转移瘤切除前癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、肺转移瘸数目、有无肺门和纵隔淋巴结转移与肺转移瘤切除术后患者的生存率有关(均P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示,肺转移瘤数目和无瘤间期是结直肠癌术后患者预后的独立影响因素(OR=2.691,95% CI为1.072～6.754;OR=0.979,95% CI为0.963～0.994),肺转移瘤数目、有无肺门和纵隔淋巴结转移是肺转移瘤切除术后患者预后的独立影响因素(OR=3.319,95% CI为1.274～8.648;OR=3.414,95% CI为1.340～8.695).结论 经过严格选择的结直肠癌肺转移患者,尤其是单发肺转移及无肺门和纵隔淋巴结转移的患者,行根治性切除术后可获得长期生存.     

淋巴结转移阳性比率在预测T_3期胃癌患者预后中的价值

背景与目的:现有的TNM分期以转移淋巴结数作为淋巴结分期的标准,故对清扫的淋巴结数目有要求的同时,也可能因淋巴结清扫范围的不同而产生分期偏移.本研究将探讨淋巴结转移阳性比率在预测T3期胃癌患者预后中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析273例接受胃癌D2根治手术且淋巴结清扫总数≥15枚的T3期胃癌患者的临床资料,分析淋巴结转移阳性比率及淋巴结转移阳性枚数与清扫的淋巴结总数间的相关性及淋巴结转移阳性比率在预测T3期胃癌患者预后中的价值.结果:当清扫的淋巴结≥15枚时,淋巴结转移阳性比率的高低与检出的淋巴结总数无相关性(r=0.069,P0.05),而淋巴结转移阳性枚数与检出的淋巴结总数具有相关性(r=0.237,P<0.05).单因素分析发现淋巴结转移阳性比率影响T3期胃癌患者预后(Log-rankχ2=92.414,P<0.01),多因素分析显示淋巴结转移阳性比率是影响T3期胃癌患者预后的独立因素之一.淋巴结转移阳性比率预测T3期胃癌患者预后的ROC曲线下面积与淋巴结转移阳性枚数预测结果的差异无显著性(P0.01).结论:淋巴结转移阳性比率是影响T3期胃癌患者预后的独立因素;在淋巴结清扫范围足够的情况下,淋巴结转移阳性比率预测T3期胃癌患者预后的准确性与淋巴结转移阳性枚数的预测能力相当,在预测T3N3期胃癌预后方面,淋巴结转移阳性比率较淋巴结转移阳性个数更为准确、客观.     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者行同期手术切除的预后分析

目的 探讨实施结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术患者的预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析1993年1月至2003年1月间,在我院实施结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术且获得随访的44例患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log rank检验进行统计学比较,Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果 44例患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为86.3%、40.9%和25.0%.单因素分析显示,脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存有关;而性别、年龄、原发灶位置、肿瘤大体类型、分化程度、转移瘤数目以及转移瘤分布与术后生存无关.多因素分析显示,区域淋巴结转移是影响预后的独立危险因素.结论 对于结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者实施同期手术切除,可以获得较好的疗效,其中无淋巴结转移的患者疗效最佳.     

腋窝淋巴结清扫总数在预测淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后中的价值

目的探讨腋窝淋巴结清扫总数在预测淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后中的价值。方法采用Kaplan-Meier法和多因素回归分析方法,对138例有完整随访资料的淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者的生存情况及影响因素进行分析。结果本组患者随访时间为33-96月,中位随访时间89月。5年总生存率为93.5%,无瘤生存率为80.1%。单因素分析显示,腋窝淋巴结清扫总数影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者的预后(χ2=6.24,P<0.05),多因素回归分析发现腋窝淋巴结清扫总数是影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的独立因素之一(P=0.025)。结论手术清扫腋窝淋巴结数目可反映区域淋巴结清扫的彻底性以及评价术后病理分期的准确性,是影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的独立预后因素之一。     

结直肠癌患者术后预后营养指数在预后评估中的应用

目的 评估结直肠癌患者术后的预后营养指数(Postoperative prognostic nutritional index,p-PNI)在预后评估中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年8月-2012年8月间南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院收治的经病理确诊为结直肠癌并行结直肠癌根治术的89例患者的临床资料。根据患者出院后第一次复诊的血常规及生化检查结果计算p-PNI。采用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)计算Youden指数,以最佳敏感度和特异度组合的PNI值作为PNI分组的分界值。Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Cox回归模型筛选研究p-PNI对结直肠癌患者术后预后的影响。结果 89例结直肠癌患者p-PNI为25.18~60.74(43.81±6.47)。患者中年龄小于70岁、淋巴结转移数目小于4个、术前CEA小于5ng/mL、术中出血量小于150mL的p-PNI显著增高(P＜0.05)。p-PNI值为43时,Youden指数最大。数据分析显示p-PNI与患者年龄、淋巴结转移数目、术中出血量及术前CEA值具有相关性(P＜0.05)。高p-PNI组患者生存率高于低p-PNI组(χ²=15.639,P＜0.001)。单因素及多因素分析证实,p-PNI是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素(HR=2.179,95%CI:1.057~3.561,P＜0.001)。结论 p-PNI在结直肠癌患者中是一个独立的预后影响因素,与结直肠癌患者术后的长期预后相关。     

腋淋巴结阳性乳腺癌结外侵犯的临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者淋巴结外侵犯(ECE)的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析1230例腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌,观察ECE与临床病理指标之间关系及对患者预后的影响.结果 腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者中,ECE阳性率为39.5%.绝经前和绝经后患者ECE的发生率分别为35.5%和47.5%(P＜0.001).ECE阳性组和阴性组的肿瘤直径分别为5.11±2.53 cm和3.90±1.80 cm(P＜0.001),肿瘤直径越大,ECE阳性比例越高(P＜0.001).ECE阳性患者和ECE阴性患者的阳性淋巴结数目分别为16.96±12.16和5.24±6.60(P＜0.001),随腋窝阳性淋巴结数目增多,ECE阳性率明显增加(P＜0.001).ECE的发生与ER、PR状态无显著相关(P=0.706).ECE足乳腺癌患者局部或区域复发的危险因素(P＜0.001),复发时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.559).ECE阳性组和ECE阴性组的远处转移时问分别为30.0个月和37.5个月(P=0.006).首发骨、皮肤和远隔淋巴结组及内脏转移组的ECE阳性率分别为60.4%和42.0%(P=0.001).ECE阳性患者的无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间均小于ECE阴性患者.预后单因素和多因素分析显示,ECE是影响乳腺癌患者无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间的独立危险因素.结论 乳腺癌患者ECE的发生与肿瘤直径和受累淋巴结数日呈正相关;ECE是乳腺癌局部或区域复发和远处转移的危险因素;ECE是影响乳腺癌患者无转移生存时间、无局部或区域复发生存时间及总生存时间的危险因素.     

盆腔淋巴结清扫对评估膀胱癌预后的价值

目的:评价规范化盆腔淋巴结清扫对膀胱癌患者预后的影响作用,分析影响淋巴结转移的相关因素及淋巴结肿大与淋巴结转移两者的关系。方法:回顾性分析2008年1 月至2013年7 月天津医科大学肿瘤医院120 例膀胱癌患者临床资料,分为盆腔淋巴结规范化清扫组58例,未规范化清扫组62例。分析淋巴结转移与病理分期、分级及术中触及肿大淋巴结的关系,探讨盆腔淋巴结清扫对预后的影响。结果:120 例膀胱癌患者术后1、3、5 年总生存率分别为84.0% 、69.9% 、57.9% 。规范化盆腔淋巴结清扫组与未规范化清扫组的3 年生存率分别为78.4% 与46.2%（χ2= 5.487,P = 0.019）。 淋巴结阳性与阴性患者术后3 年生存率分别为50.0% 与86.4% ,（χ2= 9.303,P = 0.002）。 术中触及肿大淋巴结与淋巴结转移具有相关性（P < 0.001）,病理分期、病理类型（尿路上皮癌及非尿路上皮癌）及年龄是患者预后的影响因素（P < 0.05）。 结论:术中触及肿大淋巴结与淋巴结转移相关,可预测淋巴结转移的发生,盆腔淋巴结清扫影响膀胱癌患者预后,阳性淋巴结是膀胱癌患者预后的独立危险因素,规范盆腔淋巴结清扫术可延长患者术后生存时间。      

无淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者淋巴结切除数目对预后的影响

结直肠癌是我国最常见的癌症死亡原因之一。术中切除的淋巴结数目与结直肠癌患者的预后密切相关,特别是对无淋巴结转移的患者具有重要的临床意义。其机制可能包括淋巴结错误病理分期及淋巴结微转移等。因此,术中规范地进行淋巴结清扫,术后对高危患者进行强化治疗,提高微转移检测手段等对结直肠癌患者的预后具有重要作用。     

无淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者淋巴结切除数目对预后的影响

结直肠癌是我国最常见的癌症死亡原因之一。术中切除的淋巴结数目与结直肠癌患者的预后密切相关,特别是对无淋巴结转移的患者具有重要的临床意义。其机制可能包括淋巴结错误病理分期及淋巴结微转移等。因此,术中规范地进行淋巴结清扫,术后对高危患者进行强化治疗,提高微转移检测手段等对结直肠癌患者的预后具有重要作用。     

Prognostic significance of the number of negative lymph node on the survival of patients with thoracic esophageal cancer

目的:探讨胸段食管癌患者标准淋巴结清扫术中阴性淋巴结数目对患者预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析2000～2006年,汕头市中心医院239例食管癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤定位、浸润深度、病理组织分化程度、类型以及阴、阳性淋巴结数目,通过Kaplan-Meier曲线和Cox多因素回归模型,评估上述临床病理参数等与患者生存期之间的相关性.结果:全组患者平均5年生存率44.1％.单因素分析结果显示,阳性淋巴结数目及阴性淋巴结数目对患者5年生存率有显著影响(P＜0.05).阴性淋巴结数目≥4的患者,5年生存率(49.1％)明显高于阴性淋巴结数目＜4的患者(31.5％)(x2=6.042,P=0.014).Cox多因素回归分析显示,阳性淋巴结数目(P=0.000,HR=1.370,95％CI=1.204～1.559)及阴性淋巴结数目(P=0.046,HR=0.955,95％CI=0.913～0.999)均可作为影响患者预后的独立影响因素(P＜0.05).结论:阴性淋巴结数目是胸段食管癌患者预后的独立影响因素,在今后的食管癌分期标准中可用于改进淋巴结分期.     

Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer

The nodal stage of colorectal cancer is based on the number of positive nodes.It is inevitably affected by the number of removed lymph nodes,but lymph node ratio can be unaffected.We investigated the value of lymph node ratio in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer in this study.The clinicopathologic factors and follow-up data of 145 cases of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer between January 1998 and December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.The Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation coefficient,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival,and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis in forward stepwise regression.We found that lymph node ratio was not correlated with the number of removed lymph nodes(r =-0.154,P = 0.065),but it was positively correlated with the number of positive lymph nodes(r = 0.739,P 0.001) and N stage(r = 0.695,P 0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that tumor configuration,intestinal obstruction,serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) concentration,T stage,N stage,and lymph node ratio were associated with disease-free survival of patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer(P 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that serum CEA concentration,T stage,and lymph node ratio were prognostic factors for disease-free survival(P 0.05),whereas N stage failed to achieve significance(P = 0.664).We confirmed that lymph node ratio was a prognostic factor in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer and had a better prognostic value than did N stage.     

双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移对淋巴结阳性阴茎癌预后评估的价值

目的探讨双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移在淋巴结阳性阴茎癌预后评估中的价值。方法回顾性分析60例淋巴结转移阳性阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者资料。所有患者均接受区域淋巴结清扫手术。Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存曲线并通过Log—rank检验加以分析,COX回归模型进行多因素生存分析。结果60例患者中18例有双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移,其3年无复发生存率（26．7％）显著低于单侧腹股沟淋巴结转移患者（65．3％）,差异有统计学意义（x^2=10．6,P=0．001）。经多因素生存分析,阳性淋巴结数目和双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移均是独立的生存预后因素（均P〈0．05）。生存曲线比较显示双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移且阳性淋巴结数〉2个的患者预后差。结论在考虑了淋巴结阳性阴茎癌阳性淋巴结数目的影响后,双侧腹股沟淋巴结转移仍是其重要预后指标。     

Prognostic significance of the metastatic lymph node ratio in T3 gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy

Aims and background: The International Union Against Cancer tumor node metastasis classification is routinely applied for evaluating the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, results are still heterogeneous. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the prognostic significance of the metastatic lymph node (LN) ratio in T3 gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: Clinical data of 109 LN-positive cases were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation coefficiency. Survival time was determined by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model. ROC curves were used to compare the accuracy of the number of metastatic LN and metastatic LN ratio. Results: The metastatic LN ratio did not correlate with the number of LN when at least 15 nodes were dissected, whereas the number of metastatic LN did. Univariate analysis showed that the metastatic LN ratio influenced significantly the survival time, while multivariate analysis revelaed it to be a major independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: The metastatic LN ratio can be used as a major independent prognostic factor for the patients with T3 gastric cancer.     

The number of analyzed lymph nodes - a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer

The prognostic significance of the number of lymph nodes examined in surgical specimen of colorectal cancer was determined. One thousand and twenty five patients with colorectal cancer stage II and III were included in the study. These patients underwent surgery from 1991 to 1997 and were enrolled in clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5FU) based chemotherapy. The median number of examined lymph nodes was five. Only 13% of the patients had > or = 12 lymph nodes analyzed. The number of examined lymph nodes was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the entire group of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (p=0.009). Patients with a higher number of lymph nodes examined had a longer overall survival. In stage III colorectal cancer the ratio of the number of metastatic lymph nodes to the number of examined lymph nodes (lymph node ratio, LNR) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A decreasing LNR was correlated with a longer overall survival (p<0.0001). Increasing age was associated with a reduction of lymph node harvest (p=0.04). Patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy had a lower number of lymph nodes analyzed compared with non-radiated (p<0.001). The number of examined lymph nodes in the surgical specimen is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in colorectal cancer. The LNR is an independent prognostic factor in stage III colorectal cancer.     

Determining of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients who underwent D2 dissection for gastric cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine outcome of the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of dissected lymph nodes (MLR) in patients with gastric cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 111 patients who underwent D₂ lymph node dissection. The prognostic factors including UICC/AJCC TNM classification and MLR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. The MLR was significantly higher in patients with a larger tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion and perineural invasion, and advanced stage. Moreover, the MLR was significantly associated with the depth of invasion and the number of lymph node metastasis. The univariate analysis revealed for overall survival (OS) that stage of disease, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis (UICC/AJCC pN stage) and MLR were relevant prognostic indicators. Furthermore, both UICC/AJCC pN stage and MLR were detected as prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, as was perineural invasion. Our results indicated that MLR and UICC/AJCC pN staging system were important prognostic factors for OS of patients with D₂ lymph node dissection in gastric cancer in a multivariate analysis. MLR may be useful for evaluating the status of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.     

Log odds of positive lymph nodes

BACKGROUND:

Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) is defined as the log of the ratio between the probability of being a positive lymph nodes and the probability of being a negative lymph nodes when one lymph node is retrieved. The value of LODDS staging system on prognostic assessment for gastric cancer patients with R0 resection is still unclear.

METHODS:

Clinicopathologic and prognostic data of 2547 gastric cancer patients underwent D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy with R0 surgery were retrospectively studied.

RESULTS:

Multivariate analysis indentified LODDS stage was an independent prognostic factor, but not pN classification or rN classification. The scatter plots of the relationship between LODDS and the number, the ratio of nodes metastasis, suggested that the LODDS stage had power to divide patients with the same number or ratio of nodes metastasis into different groups. For patients in each of the pN or rN classifications, significant differences in survival could always be observed among patients in different LODDS stages. However, for patients in each LODDS stage, prognosis was highly homologous between those in different pN or rN classifications. A minimum number of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 10 nodes retrieved should be met for patients in the pN0, pN1, pN2, pN3, and rN0‐3 classifications, respectively, unless the hazard risks of death would be underestimated or overestimated. However, LODDS stage could discriminate among 5 groups of patients with highly homologous prognosis, regardless how many nodes retrieved.

CONCLUSIONS:

The LODDS system is more reliable than the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on cancer pN system and the rN system for prognostic assessment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Metastatic lymph node ratio versus number of metastatic lymph nodes as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer

Objective

Knowledge of prognostic factors in gastric cancer is essential to decide on single patient management. We aim to establish the value of lymph node ratio compared to lymph node involvement in the prediction of gastric cancer survival and treatment approach.

Methods

Charts of ninety-six consecutive patients undergoing gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer were reviewed between January 1996 and December 2005. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to verify the accuracy of metastatic lymph node ratio (MLNR) and number of metastatic lymph node (NMLN) cut-off values for survival prediction. Patients were divided into two groups according to ROC curve cut-offs and accuracy in prognosis was reviewed.

Results

ROC curves showed that 5 metastatic nodes and a node ratio value of 20% had the best survival prognostic correlation. The median survival of patients with MLNR and NMLN were similar according to cut-off determinations (≤5/>5 metastatic nodes and ≤20/>20% lymph node ratio). Five-year survival rates were 70.9% vs 17.1% and 72.4% vs 15.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Positive correlation coefficient was found between the number of excised nodes and the number of metastatic nodes.

Conclusion

Number of metastatic lymph nodes showed greater accuracy than lymph node ratio for survival prediction in gastric cancer.     

结直肠癌淋巴结微转移对预后影响的意义

背景与目的:淋巴结微转移的预后价值尚无一致意见,本研究旨在探讨结直肠癌淋巴结微转移的预后意义。方法:收集江汉大学附属医院1988年～2001年结直肠癌根治性手术切除、有完整淋巴结检查资料的标本80例,其中直肠癌30例,结肠癌50例。经过溶脂法检查淋巴结共3869枚,平均每例48.36枚,经4μm间断连续切片、常规HE染色和免疫组化染色,确定有无淋巴结转移与微转移(微转移灶为瘤团直径<0.2mm或瘤细胞数<50个)。数据经SAS8.1统计学软件进行Cox模型回归分析及Spearman等级相关分析。结果:共检出转移淋巴结232枚(6%),微转移淋巴结39枚(1.01%)。直肠癌中淋巴结转移数与患者生存时间有关(χ2=9.94,P=0.0016);淋巴结微转移与淋巴结转移数(r=0.44,P=0.016)等病理学指标有关。结肠癌中淋巴结转移数(χ2=9.52,P=0.002)、AJCC淋巴结分期(χ2=5.73,P=0.0167)与患者生存时间有关,淋巴结微转移与Dukes’淋巴结分期(r=0.314,P=0.008)有关。结论:淋巴结微转移与结直肠癌预后相关,但不能作为独立的预后指标。     

FIGO 2018 ⅢC1p期宫颈癌患者的预后分析

目的:探讨FIGO 2018 ⅢC1p期宫颈癌患者的预后危险因素。方法:收集2015年1月至2018年6月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院接受手术治疗并经病理确诊具有淋巴结转移的宫颈癌患者139例,所有患者均行广泛性全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结±腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。结果:139例患者3年无病生存期（disease-free survival,DFS）为71.4%。多因素分析显示,淋巴结转移数目≥3个和术前中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,NLR）≥2.16是影响ⅢC1p期宫颈癌患者预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。根据危险因素将所有患者分为三组,进一步分析显示,低风险组（无危险因素）、中风险组（1个危险因素）、高风险组（2个危险因素）的3年DFS分别为90.4%、54.3%、30.3%（P＜0.05）。结论:FIGO 2018 ⅢC1p期宫颈癌的患者是不同质的,淋巴结转移数目和术前NLR是3年DFS的独立预后因素,宫颈癌分期可考虑将此因素纳入分期范围,并对于ⅢC1p期的患者制定更加个体化的治疗方案。     

细胞角蛋白20检测对判断大肠癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义

目的研究细胞角蛋白20（CK20）的表达对判定大肠癌淋巴结微转移的意义。方法对47例大肠癌根治术患者的331枚淋巴结进行CK20免疫组织化学染色检查,判定是否有微转移的存在,并对所有患者进行随访。结果CK20免疫组织化学染色与普通病理染色对大肠癌淋巴结转移的检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。前哨淋巴结及同组患者未进行前哨淋巴结定位的淋巴结两组微转移的检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。有淋巴结微转移的患者术后3年死亡率明显高于无淋巴结微转移者（P〈0．05）。结论大肠癌淋巴结微转移是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。CK20免疫组织化学染色可作为临床判断大肠癌淋巴结微转移的有效方法。