加速康复外科在腹腔镜肾癌根治术中应用的安全性及有效性研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)对腹腔镜肾癌根治术的影响。方法:将同期入院的60例腹腔镜肾癌根治术患者随机分为两组,分别采用加速康复(FTS组)及常规围手术期处理(对照组)方案,对比分析两组患者术后通气时间、开始进食时间、导尿管与引流管留置时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率、疼痛评分等,患者均在满足出院标准的情况下安排出院。结果:FTS组通气时间、首次下床活动时间、开始进食时间明显提前,导尿管与引流管留置时间、术后住院时间、住院费用明显减少,术中、术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义,术后24 h、48 h咳嗽状态评分两组相比差异有统计学意义。结论:加速康复外科应用于腹腔镜肾癌根治术是安全、有效的,可加速患者的康复。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者快通道康复的近期价值

目的:探讨快通道外科技术在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的应用价值。方法:2008年1月至2008年6月我院为52例腹腔镜结直肠癌患者行快速康复,并与同期68例开腹手术进行对比研究,统计其围手术期处理、并发症发生率及经济学指标。结果:腹腔镜组(快通道组)出血量少于开腹组(传统方法组)(P0.05)。两组切口感染、肺部感染、尿路感染、术后腹痛差异有统计学意义(P0.05),快通道组术后通气时间及术后自理恢复时间明显短于传统方法组。二者住院费用差异无统计学意义。结论:快通道技术用于腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全,有利于促进患者早期康复,在临床结直肠癌腹腔镜手术中具有广阔的应用前景。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者围手术期应用快速康复外科的系统评价

目的系统评价腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者应用快速康复外科（FTs）的安全性和有效性。方法计算机检索2000年1月至2012年3月CNKI、万方、Pubmed、EMBACE、CochraneLibrary数据库关于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术围手术期应用FTS的随机对照试验（RCT）或临床对照试验（CCT）。采用RevMan5．1软件进行Meta分析。结果6项RCT和7项CCT研究纳入研究．共1795例患者,其中FTS组955例,对照组840例。与对照组相比．FTS组患者术后排气更快（WMD=-1．37,95％CI：-1．55～-1．19,P〈0．05）,术后进食更早（WMD=-2．62,95％CI：-2．69～-2．55,P〈0．05）,术后住院时间缩短（WMD=-1．63,95％CI：-1．92～-1．34,P〈0．05）,术后并发症发生率降低（OR=0．52,95％CI：0．41～0．67,P〈O．05）;但两组术后再入院率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论FTS理念应用于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,可有效促进术后肠功能恢复,减少并发症的发生,缩短住院时间。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治性切除术患者快速康复护理

目的总结快速康复护理策略在达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治性切除术患者围术期实施的护理经验。方法对10例前列腺癌患者采用达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜行根治性切除术,按快速康复策略术前做好心理护理、肠道准备、体位准备及压力袜,术后监测生命体征,做好基础护理、各种管道护理及健康教育。结果10例患者手术顺利,术后均无出血、感染、漏尿、高碳酸血症、明显腹胀等并发症发生;术后住院6~11d伤口愈合出院。结论快速康复护理应用于达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治性切除术患者,具有术前准备简单,术中创伤小、出血量少,术后并发症低、住院时间缩短等优势。     

快速康复外科模式在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用

目的：评价快速康复外科（FTS）在接受择期手术的腹腔镜胃癌根治术（D2根治）患者中的安全性和有效性。方法：将68例拟接受择期腹腔镜手术的胃癌患者分为快速康复组和传统治疗组,每组34例。快速康复组围手术期接受快速康复方案处理,传统治疗组接受传统的围手术期处理。观察术后首次排气时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用及术后并发症等。结果：两组病人均痊愈出院。快速康复组患者与传统手术相比,首次排气时间提前、术后的住院时间缩短、住院总费用减少（P〈0．05）。术后并发症发生率没有增加（P〉0．05）。结论：快速康复外科模式在接受择期腹腔镜手术的胃癌患者中安全可行,加快了患者术后康复,缩短了术后住院时间,降低了医疗费用。     

Advantages of fast-track recovery after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colon cancer

Background

Fast-track (FT) recovery protocols have demonstrated advantages over historical recovery routines after open colectomy; however, their impact in recovery after laparoscopic colectomy is not clearly defined. This study was designed to determine whether patients who recover on FT protocol after laparoscopic colectomy have a shorter length of stay (LOS) and fewer complications compared with patients who recover on standard (non-FT) protocol.

Methods

A cohort of consecutive patients with colon cancer who underwent completed laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy from 2005–2007 was identified. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to identify risk factors for increased LOS and postoperative complications with recovery protocol as the primary predictor.

Results

A total of 197 patients were included: 115 (58%) patients recovered on a non-FT protocol, and 82 (42%) patients on FT protocol. Univariate analysis showed no differences with respect to age, gender, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class between groups. The median (interquartile range) LOS was 4 (range, 3–6) days and 3 (range, 3–4) days for the non-FT and FT recovery patients, respectively (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for increased LOS were complications (p < 0.001) and non-FT recovery (p = 0.007). Non-FT recovery also was associated with increased complications (56 vs. 29%, p = 0.0002); this remained significant on multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Readmissions were similar (p = 1.0) between recovery groups. No mortalities were observed at 30 days.

Conclusions

Fast-track recovery is independently associated with a shorter LOS and decreased morbidity after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.     

新型倒刺缝线在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的疗效及安全性的荟萃分析

目的:系统评价新型倒刺缝线与普通缝线在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(LPN)中应用的疗效及安全性,为临床选择提供循证依据。方法:制定检索策略计算机分别检索PubMed、Medline、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)及中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)。手工检索:中华泌尿外科杂志、临床泌尿外科杂志、现代泌尿外科杂志、微创泌尿外科杂志4种杂志。检索时间均从建库至2017年4月。检索国内外有关新型倒刺缝线与普通缝线在LPN中应用疗效的临床对照研究,按Cochrane系统评价方法提取资料,由2名评价员对纳入文献的质量进行评价,采用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行统计分析。结果:共纳入13篇临床对照研究,中文11篇,外文2篇,共包括1 100例患者,其中新型倒刺缝线566例,普通缝线534例。Meta分析结果显示:2种缝线在肿瘤直径(MD=0.01,95%CI:0.08~0.09,P=0.81)方面差异无统计学意义,但在肾脏热缺血时间(MD=-4.99,95%CI:-6.11^-3.86,P<0.00001)、手术时间(MD=-6.61,95%CI:-10.30^-2.93,P=0.0004)、R.E.N.A.L.评分(MD=0.32,95%CI:0.08~0.55,P=0.008)、术后并发症发生率(MD=0.49,95%CI:0.26~0.92,P=0.03)、术中出血量(MD=-9.54,95%CI:-18.08^-1.00,P=0.03)及术后住院时间(MD=-0.35,95%CI:-0.69^-0.01,P=0.04)等方面比较差异有统计学意义。结论:LPN中,与普通缝线相比,新型倒刺缝线在肾脏热缺血时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等方面具有明显优势。但鉴于纳入文献有限,关于新型倒刺缝线与普通缝线在LPN中应用的疗效及安全性有待于多中心、高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。     

有肾脏或肾上腺手术史者再行同侧腹腔镜肾上腺手术的可行性

目的探讨既往有肾脏或肾上腺手术史者再行腹腔镜肾上腺手术的可行性。方法3例原发性醛固酮增多症患者，其中2例曾行后腹腔镜肾上腺手术，1例有经腰切口开放性肾切除手术史。均采取经腹腔径路再行同侧肾上腺腹腔镜手术。结果3例腹腔镜肾上腺切除手术成功，无术中及术后并发症发生。切除肿瘤直径平均1．7cm，手术时间平均93min，术中出血平均18ml。术后住院平均5．0d。结论对于既往有肾脏或肾上腺手术史者，虽然因瘢痕粘连增加了手术的难度，但选择与既往手术不同的手术入路以减少瘢痕粘连的影响，再行腹腔镜肾上腺手术是可行的。     

椎板后路阻滞对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的观察椎板后路阻滞(retrolaminar block, RLB)对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛效果及术后早期恢复的影响。方法腹腔镜肾切除术患者60例,男31例,女29例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例:RLB组(R组)与局部浸润组(L组)。R组于全麻诱导后在超声引导下于术侧行RLB,L组于手术结束时行局部浸润麻醉,两组局麻药皆采用0.4%罗哌卡因30 ml。两组术中均行静-吸复合麻醉,术后行舒芬太尼PCIA。记录术后拔管时间、PACU停留时间、镇痛泵有效按压次数和首次下床活动时间。结果 L组拔管时间、PACU停留时间明显长于R组(P0.05),术后24、48 h L组镇痛泵有效按压次数明显多于R组(P0.05),首次下床活动时间明显长于R组(P0.05)。结论与局部浸润比较,椎板后路阻滞可为腹腔镜肾切除术患者提供有效术后镇痛,并有利于术后恢复。     

Early recovery protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy

IntroductionThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program (ERAS), has become the basis of perioperative management after colorectal surgery, vascular, thoracic, and more recently the radical cystectomy. The aim of this study is to show our initial experience using an ERAS protocol.Materials and methodsA total of 47 laparoscopic radical cystectomies (LRC) were compared in this study. For retrospective data analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A included patients who underwent LRC before the ERAS protocol was implemented; and Group B included patients who underwent LRC after the ERAS protocol was implemented.ResultsHospital stay was significantly shorter (p = 0,04) in Group B with a median of 11.73 days versus 17.53 days in Group A. The paralytic ileus is the most common complication in both groups, and only two complications seem to be lower between groups; central vein catheter infection in Group A was 14.2% versus 5.2% in Group B and paralytic ileus in Group A was 35.7% versus 21.0% in Group B. There was no statistical difference between groups in the appearance of minor or major complications.ConclusionThe combination of minimally invasive surgery and an ERAS protocol is a feasible multidisciplinary challenge and is useful in the recovery of patients undergoing LRC.     

Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy for nonfunctioning kidney in patients with previous renal surgery

Abstract Purpose: Performing laparoscopic nephrectomy in the setting of previous renal surgery may be challenging and associated with a higher complication rate. We conducted this study to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy among patients with a history of ipsilateral renal surgery. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the chart of 193 patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for nonfunctioning kidney between April 2007 and March 2011. The study population was divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised 37 patients with a history of ipsilateral renal surgery, and Group 2 consisted of 156 patients with no history of previous renal surgery. Results: Baseline characteristics and preoperative variables were similar in both groups. Mean operative time, complication rate, and hospital stay were comparable between the two groups. A nonstatistically significant trend toward a higher transfusion rate was noted in Group 1 patients. The operation was converted to open nephrectomy in 1 (2.7%) and 3 (1.9%) patients of Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P=.765). Conclusions: Laparoscopic nephrectomy of the nonfunctioning kidney is a feasible and safe procedure in the setting of previous renal surgery and is not associated with a significant increase in operative time and complication rate compared with patients with no prior ipsilateral renal surgery.     

Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic surgery for primary aldosteronoma and Cushing's syndrome is well established. We report on our experiences with laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma, and assess the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approach. METHODS: Between April 1998 and April 2003, a total of 23 patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma at Chiba University Hospital and Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan. We compared the surgical outcomes of these patients with those of 106 patients with adrenal tumors due to other pathologies who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy during the same period. RESULTS: The mean tumor size of pheochromocytoma was 4.96 cm. Mean operative time was 192.7 min, and mean estimated blood loss was 130 mL. Neither mean operative time nor mean estimated blood loss was greater for patients with pheochromocytoma. Intraoperative hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg) occurred in 39.1% (9/23) of patients with pheochromocytoma. During the follow-up period, there were no mortalities or recurrences of endocrinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is a safe and minimally invasive procedure.     

术前应用帕瑞昔布钠对肾癌根治术后镇痛及肾功能的影响

目的观察术前应用帕瑞昔布钠对肾癌根治术患者镇痛效果及肾功能安全性的影响。方法择期行全麻下肾癌根治术患者60例,随机均分为两组。观察组于切皮前20 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,对照组静注生理盐水5 ml。术毕使用芬太尼自控镇痛泵。记录患者术后芬太尼的用量、自控镇痛次数、多时点动静态视觉模拟（VAS）评分、疼痛缓解程度评分（PR评分）和整体满意度评分（PGESM评分）及不良反应发生情况。测定患者术前、术后第1天、第3天24 h尿量、血肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（Bun）、血β₂-微球蛋白（β₂-M）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RPB）。结果术后2、6、12 h VAS评分观察组低于对照组,PR及PGESM评分观察组优于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。术后12、24 h芬太尼用量观察组较对照组分别减少26.9%和21.4%（P<0.01）,而不良反应发生率两组差异无统计学意义。两组患者手术前后肾功能指标均未见明显异常改变。结论术前应用帕瑞昔布钠配合术后芬太尼自控镇痛可减少芬太尼用量,未发现该药对围术期患者的肾功能产生影响。     

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy. METHODS: From June 1994 to November 1999, 10 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at Osaka University Medical Hospital and Osaka Rosai Hospital. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed either via transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach under general anesthesia. These 10 cases were reviewed in respect of primary disease of the kidney, operative time, complications and postoperative convalescence. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients, five were preoperatively diagnosed as having a non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosis, two patients were diagnosed as having an atrophic kidney, two had renal cell carcinoma and one had renal pelvic tumor. The average operative time was 374 min (range 270-675 min). The mean blood loss was 330 mL (range 60-800 mL). One patient required transfusion due to postoperative oozing. The average hospital stay after operation was 7 days. No major postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is an option in surgically managing renal disorders, including malignancies, although it has a longer operative time compared to conventional open surgery.     

Inpatient safety trends in laparoscopic and open nephrectomy for renal tumours

Study Type – Cohort study Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cancer provides equivalent long‐term cancer control with shorter hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and faster resumption of normal activities, but it has diffused slowly into clinical practice, perhaps as a result of perceptions about safety. Patient safety outcomes for laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy using validated measures remain incompletely characterized. This is the first study to investigate peri‐operative outcomes of radical nephrectomy using validated patient safety measures. We found a 32% decreased probability of adverse patient safety events occurring in laparoscopic compared with open radical nephrectomy. The safety benefits of laparoscopy were attained only after 10% of cases were completed laparoscopically – a proportion some have proposed as the ‘tipping point’ for the adoption of surgical innovations. This observation could have implications for patient safety in the setting of diffusion of new surgical techniques.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To compare peri‐operative adverse patient safety events occurring in laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) with those occurring in open radical nephrectomy (ORN).

METHODS

• ? We used the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify patients undergoing kidney surgery for renal tumours from 1998 to 2008.
• ? We used patient safety indicators (PSIs), which are validated measures of preventable adverse outcomes, and multivariate regression to analyse associations of surgery type with patient safety.

RESULTS

• ? Open radical nephrectomy accounted for 235 098 (89%) cases while 28 609 (11%) cases were LRN.
• ? Compared with ORN, LRN patients were more likely to be male (P= 0.048), have lower Charlson comorbidity scores (P < 0.001), and to undergo surgery at urban (P < 0.001) and teaching (P < 0.001) hospitals.
• ? PSIs occurred in 18 714 (8%) of ORN and 1434 (5%) of LRN cases (P < 0.001).
• ? On multivariate analysis, LRN was associated with a 32% decreased probability of any PSI (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 0.77, P < 0.001). Stratification by year showed that this difference was initially manifested in 2003, when the proportion of LRN cases first exceeded 10%.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? We found that LRN was associated with substantially superior peri‐operative patient safety outcomes compared with ORN, but only after the national prevalence of LRN exceeded 10%.
• ? Further study is needed to explain these patterns and promote the safe diffusion of novel surgical therapies into broad practice.

     

The efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with three or more comorbidities

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic surgery for kidney treatment is a common procedure. However, the efficacy of this procedure in patients with several comorbidities has not been well investigated. We conducted a retrospective comparison of results of laparoscopic surgery between patients with several comorbidities and patients with no comorbidity to access the efficacy and safety of this procedure. METHODS: The subjects were 20 patients with three or more comorbidities (group A) and 46 patients with less than three comorbidities (group B). These 66 patients were 48 men and 18 women with a mean age of 62.3 years (age range, 24-83 years). The data from these two groups were compared for American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status score, previous surgical history, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, tumor size, complications during and after surgery, conversion rates, time to oral intake, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The initial ASA score and age were significantly higher for the patients with comorbidities (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0008, respectively). All other variables before, during, and after surgery were similar for both laparoscopic groups. However, the incidence of atelectasis of laparoscopy was higher than that of open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephrectomy for patients with comorbidities is safe and minimally invasive. Further investigation to prevent atelectasis is necessary.     

加速康复外科在腹腔镜肝切除术应用安全性与有效性的Meta分析

目的：评价加速康复外科（FTS）在腹腔镜肝切除围手术期应用的安全性和有效性。 方法：计算机检索1996年1月—2014年6月国内外数据库有关FTS在腹腔镜肝切除围手术期应用的随机对照试验（RCT）或临床对照试验（CCT）,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。 结果：最终纳入3项RCT和2项CCT,共有247例患者,其中134例采用FTS（FTS组）,113例采用传统围手术期处理（对照组）。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,FTS组住院时间明显缩短（WMD=-2.19,95% CI=-2.94~-1.43,P<0.00001）,术后并发症发生率降低（RR=0.60,95% CI=0.38~0.92,P=0.02）,但两组手术时间、中转开腹发生率和住院费用无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。 结论：FTS在腹腔镜肝切除围手术期应用可有效缩短住院时间,减少术后并发症,加速患者康复。上述结果仍须更多设计严密的大样本、高质量的RCT进一步验证。     

Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻下行腹腔镜手术的患者120例,性别不限,年龄35～60岁,体重48～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,Mallampatis Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=60):Supreme喉罩组(S组)和气管插管组(T组).S组根据患者体重选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,并经引流管放置胃管,T组在直接喉镜下行气管插管.记录气管插管或喉罩置入时间及置人情况;记录S组胃管置入状况和喉罩气道密封压,并行纤维支气管镜检查评分,以评价喉罩对位情况;记录术中SpO2、PrrCO2和气道峰压(Ppeak),记录拔除气管导管或喉罩后不良反应的发生情况;记录手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间.结果 与T组比较,S组喉罩置入时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间缩短,拔除喉罩后低氧血症、呛咳、咽喉痛的发生率降低(P<0.05);两组均无返流误吸发生.各时点spO2、PETCO2、Ppeak均在正常范围内,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).S组喉罩置入成功率和T组气管插管成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),S组喉罩气道密封压为(25±4)cm H2O,喉罩对位准确率95%,胃管放置成功率100%.结论 Supreme喉罩通气效果好,气道密封性可靠,拔除后不良反应少,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜手术患者的全麻气道管理.