Effect of mouse antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on accumulation of rosette-forming and antibody-forming cells in mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells

Data are given on the effect of mouse antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins (MAAS) on the kinetics of rosette-forming (RFC) and antibody-forming cells (AFC) in mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC). The effect of MAAS in the experimentsin vivo was assessed by injecting this serum for 5 days into CBA mice, the first injecting being combined with injection of 5.10⁷ SRBC. Injection of MAAS into mice immunized with SRBC was shown to cause a marked decrease in the number of RFC in the spleen on the 5th and 9th days after immunization. MAAS has no appreciable effect at these same times on proliferation of AFC producing IgM hemagglutinins. Meanwhile MAAS intensified proliferation of IgG-AFC during the period when the number of these cells of the spleen in the immunized mice was maximal. After adsorption of MAAS with immune complexes formed by mouse IgG antibodies this serum was shown to lose much of its ability to block RFCin vivo. It is postulated on the basis of these results that the property of MAAS of influencing the accumulation of RFC and AFC producing IgG hemagglutinins is due to a factor which reacts with the immune complex formed by mouse IgG antibodies. This factor may perhaps be antibodies against aggregated immunoglobulins of this class.Laboratory of Immunochemistry, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 557–560, May, 1978.     

Electrophoretic and immunological characteristics of Fc+ and Fc− fractions of cba mouse spleen cells

Conditions for effective separation of Fc⁺ and Fc^– cells on a monolayer of sheep's erythrocytes, sensitized with antierythrocytic antibodies, were chosen. A modification of the method, consisting of replacing the poly-L-lysine by protamine sulfate, is suggested. The electrophoretic distribution profiles of Fc⁺ and Fc^– cells of the mouse spleen were established. The Fc⁺ cells mainly have low electrophoretic mobility, whereas that of the Fc^– cells is higher. The Fc⁺ fraction contains mainly B lymphocytes, the Fc^– fraction mainly T cells. The electrophoretic profiles of the Fc⁺ and Fc^– cells overlap considerably. If spleen cells are cells which do not adhere to the glass overlap to a much lesser degree.Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Molecular Biology of Immunogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 451–454, October, 1977.     

Antibody-forming capacity of mouse spleen cells after hypoxic hypoxia and injection of erythropoietin

The absolute and relative (per 10⁶ spleen cells) number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen of CBA mice was found to be reduced by half of the 1st, 4th, and 7th days after acute hypoxia (12 h, 6700 m) and on the 1st and 4th days after the end of exposure to chronic hypoxia (16 h daily for 16 days, 6700 m). By the 7th day after the end of exposure to chronic hypoxia the number of AFC in the spleen of the mice was back to normal. One of two injections of erythropoietin reduced the absolute and relative number of AFC in the spleen of the posthypoxic mice by 33–50% compared with control animals.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 565–567, May, 1978.     

Antigen-dependent induction of a nonspecific humoral factor blocking rosette-forming cells in vitro and in vivo

Isologous serum of mice immunized with rabbit globulin (IARS) was shown to contain a factor inactivating rosette-forming cells (RFC) in vitro from CBA mice immunized with sheep's erythrocytes. If the mice were immunized with sheep's erythrocytes after preliminary injection of IARS, the number of RFC at the peak of the immune response was about 30% of their number in mice receiving normal isologous serum together with sheep's erythrocytes. The decrease in the number of RFC took place on account of cells not containing antigen. Passive immunization with IARS did not affect proliferation of antibody-forming cells or synthesis of antibodies against sheep's erythrocytes.N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 64–66, July, 1977.     

Cytopathogenic action ofEscherichia coli cells containing heterologous human type O(H) antigen on human cells in culture

The character of interaction between two enteropathogenic strains ofEscherichia coli of serotype 055K59 with human HeLa cells containing O(H) isoantigen was studied. On the addition of strainE. coli No. 5789, containing heterologous type O(H) antigen to a culture of HeLa cells, a cytopathogenic action was discovered on the third day of interaction in the presence of doses of bacterial cells of 2·10¹⁰, 2·10⁵, and 2·10⁴. A dose of 2·10³ bacterial cells ofE. coli did not give this effect. Strain No. 3827, not containing heterologous antigen of ABO type, had no cytopathogenic action in maximal, average, and small doses of bacterial cells. It is suggested that the cytopathogenic action of strain No. 5789 is connected with the presence of an antigen in this strain which is identical with the group antigen of the human cell culture studied.Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 70–72, July, 1977.     

Effect of somatotropic hormone on autoimmune responses induced in mice of various genotypes by heated syngeneic erythrocytes

After a single injection of 1·10⁹ heated syngeneic erythrocytes into BALB/c and C57BL mice, antierythrocytic autoantibodies appear, the weight of the lymphoid organs is increased, and lymphoid-reticular hyperplasia is observed on the 13th day. These changes are more marked in BALB/c mice. During the development of the autoimmune response changes occurred in the number of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells in the thymus and spleen and in the intensity of the response to immunization by sheep's red cells andEscherichia coli endotoxin, when distinct differences were observed between the strains. Injection of somatotropic hormone in a dose of 5 mg/kg daily for 10 days reduced the degree of development of the autoimmune response in mice of both strains, but more strongly in BALB/c mice.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology , Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 305–308, March, 1977.     

Role of injury in the appearance of “activated” smooth muscle cells

In experiments on rats the ultrastructure of the muscle tissue of the inferior vena cava after disturbance of the outflow of blood, of the muscular coat of the stomach after resection of 50% of its fundus, and of the muscular coat of the cecum after constriction of its ascending portion was studied. Activation of smooth muscles was shown to reflect the phase of injury to the ultrastructure of the cells, followed by processes of intracellular regeneration. Analysis of the ratio between DNA-synthesizing and activated cells showed the local origin of the latter from differentiated myocytes.Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. No. 4 Main Board, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 112–115, July, 1977.     

Effect of cyclic AMP on cells of experimental lymphatic leukemia L-5718

The effect of cyclic AMP (cAMP), dibutyryl-cAMP, and theophylline (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme converting adenosine-3, 5-monophosphate into adenosine-5-monophosphate) on the intensity of proliferation (as reflected in the increase in the nucleic acid content in the culture), DNA synthesis (thymidine-H³ incorporation), and transplantation properties (ability to repopulatein vivo) of leukemic cells of strain L-5178 was studied. The experiments showed that cAMP in a concentration of 0.8 mM inhibits thymidine-H³ incorporation considerably, retards proliferation, and reduces the transplantability of the leukemic cells. Theophylline and dibutyryl-cAMP have comparatively weak ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and the proliferative activity and transplantation properties of the cells.Laboratory of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Experimental Therapy of Leukemias, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Laboratory for the Search for New Antibiotics, All-Union Research Institute for the Search for New Antibiotics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR K. V. Bunin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 365–367, March, 1976.     

Role of distant interactions of lymphocytes in the development of antibody formationin vitro

To elucidate the nature of local intercellular interactions inhibiting the proliferation of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in culture, described previously, the possibility of realization of this effect at a distance was studied. A population containing many cells was shown to be capable of inhibiting, by its actionin vitro at a distance, an increase in the number of AFC in a cell population separated from it by Millipore membranes impermeable to cells. This effect is also transmitted through a polymethylmethacrylate film, 5–10 thick, which does not allow the passage of proteins with a molecular weight of 150,000 daltons ([¹²⁵I]IgG antibodies) and certain ions (⁵¹CrO₄), but is permeable to other low-molecular-weight substances.Laboratory of Chemistry and Biosynthesis of Antibodies, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 554–557, May, 1978.     

Activation of precursors of T killers of hematopoietic stem cells by thymosine

Lymph node cells from normal CBA mice, from CBACBA syngeneic radiation chimeras, and B mice were incubatedin vitro with fraction 5 of thymosine, and transplanted into sublethally irradiated (CBA x C57BL)F₁ recipients, and the number of endogenous colonies in the recipients' spleen was determined. Thymosine was shown to potentiate the killer activity of lymph node cells of normal CBA mice and of CBACBA syngeneic radiation chimeras, but not of B mice. It is suggested that the target for the action of thymosine is the subpopulation of T₁ lymphocytes.Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 602–605, May, 1978.     

Adaptation to the action of some teratogens following administration of pesticides during pregnancy

In experiments on female Wistar rats the effect of the pesticides DDT and -BHC, administered from the beginning of pregnancy, on the intensity of the teratogenic action of sodium salicylate (SS) and of benlate, a pesticide of the carbonate group, was studied. The compounds were given on the 10th and 12th days of pregnancy respectively. Preliminary administration of the pesticides was shown to weaken the teratogenic and embryotoxic action of benlate, given in a dose of 250 mg/kg, and of SS in a dose of 400 mg/kg. Under the influence of SS in a dose of 600 mg/kg preliminary injection of the pesticides reduced the postimplantation mortality of the embryos, but the number of fetuses with developmental anomalies was the same as after the isolated action of SS in the same dose.Laboratory of Toxicology of Pesticides, Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. A. Minkhov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 227–228, February, 1977.     

Type B monoamine oxidase and functions of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase in preparations from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles

Oxidative deamination of -phenylethylamine or benzylamine by type B monoamine oxidases (MAO) in preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscles is accompanied by inhibition both of active Ca²⁺ transport into the vesicles and of the activity of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent ATPase, which is preventable by deprenil, a specific inhibitor of type B MAO. Aldehydes formed during enzymatic deamination of substrates of type B MAO may perhaps participate in the regulation of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent ATPase, activity.Laboratory of Physicochemical Methods, Scientific-Research Institute for Biological Trials of Chemical Compounds, Ministry of the Medical Industry of the USSR. Laboratory or Biochemistry of Amines and Other Nitrogenous Compounds, Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Orekhovich.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 283–284, March, 1977.     

State of the surface activity of rat lung surfactant at various times after left-sided pneumonectomy

The surface activity of seven successive washings from the right lung, determined with the aid of a modified Wilhelmy balance, was the same as in the control until the 5th day after removal of the left lung and also in the late stage after the operation (_min = 23–24 dynes/cm). Intracellular edema of the components on the air-blood barrier and the escape of edema fluid into the lumen of the alveoli of the vesicles were not reflected in the surface-active properties of the lung surfactant. A sharp increase in size of the alveoli on the 5th–7th day after the operation was accompanied by an increase in the surface-active properties of the lung washing (_min = 11–15 dynes/cm) and by increased secretion of material of the osmiophilic lamellar bodies from the type II alveolar cells into the lumen of the alveoli. The cytological mechanisms of the increased production of surfactants in the hypertrophied alveoli are activation of lipid synthesis in the type II alveolar cells, hypertrophy of those cells, and the appearance of binuclear cells.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Physiology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 169–172, February, 1977.     

A study of the lymph-node type of graft versus host reaction in mice

A local form of the graph versus host reaction (GVHR) was induced in adult (CBA×C57BL)F₁ hybrid mice by subcutaneous injection of semiallogeneic spleen, thymus, or bone marrow cells from CBA mice into the right hind footpad. The criteria of activity of the GVHR were an increase in the number of blast forms in the region of popliteal lymph node and in its weight 7 days after transplantation of cells. After transplantation of 5×10⁶ and 20×10⁶ spleen cells the absolute weight of the regional lymph node was increased by 3–5 times and was significantly higher than in the control (injection of living syngeneic or fragmented semiallogeneic cells from the same source). By contrast with the control, in the experimental animals the effect clearly depended directly on the dose of transplanted cells. Enlargement of the lymph nodes was accompanied by the regular appearance of blast forms in them. Thymus and bone marrow cells had a much weaker action than spleen cells.Department of General Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Siberian Division, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 338–339, March, 1976.     

Adsorption of phage λ DNA onEscherichia coli cells treated with Ca++ ions and on frozen and thawed bacteria

Investigation of adsorption of biologically active tritiated phage DNA onEscherichia coli cells treated with Ca⁺⁺ ions in the cold and on frozenthawed bacteria revealed no correlation between the increase in adsorption and the efficiency of transfection. The level of adsorption of infectious DNA, for instance, was unchanged by freezing and thawing theE. coli cells, whereas after treatment with Ca⁺⁺ ions in the cold it was increased tenfold; the level of transfection of phage DNA on both types of recipients was the same.Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 324–326, March, 1980.     

Effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody production and migration of B cells from the bone marrow and spleen in mice

The effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on the production of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen and on the migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen was studied in CBA mice. Stimulation of erythropoiesis was shown to increase the number of AFC in the spleen and migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen sharply 1 and 4 days after blood loss. Inhibition of erythropoiesis led to a very small increase in the number of AFC in the spleen 4 and 7 days after transfusion of syngeneic red cells and inhibited migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen. The possible mechanisms of the effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody formation are discussed.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 303–305, March, 1977.     

Movement of hepatocytes along the hepatic trabecula during physiological regeneration

The distribution of mitoses among hepatocytes and of dying cells along the hepatic trabecula was determined in rats. The relative rate of movement of the hepatocytes along the trabecular was calculated from these distributions. The direction and velocity of movement of the hepatocytes along the hepatic trabecula were obtained by recording the shift of the peak of labeled cells one month after giving the rats six injections of thymidine-³H.Laboratory of Pathology Induced by Alimentary Factors, Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 214–216, February, 1977.     

Effect of antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells

Injection of mouse antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins (MAAS) into mice previously receiving 10⁵ sheep red blood cells (SRBC) did not affect the intensity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (HDT) reaction when tested at the peak of sensitization (4th day), but led to a marked increase in the intensity of the reaction in the later stages (6th day). MAAS completely abolished suppression of HDT observed after sensitization with 5·10⁷ SRBC. Transfer experiments showed that under the influence of MAAS the number of suppressor cells of HDT in the spleen of the sensitized mice was reduced. MAAS had no effect on proliferation of antibody-forming cells or on the intensity of hemagglutinin production, but reduced by 70% the number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) detectable in the spleen at the peak of the primary immune response. The results may be evidence that RFC take part in the suppression of HDT.Laboratory of Immunochemistry, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 578–580, November, 1979.     

Replacement of immunoglobulin receptors by lymphocytes contained in the mouse spleen at the peak of the primary immune response

Spleen cells obtained from mice on the fifth day after injection of sheep's red cells (SRBC) irreversibly lose 50% of their surface immunoglobulin receptors during culture in vitro for 4 h. On incubation of spleen cells obtained on the ninth day after injection of the antigen no changes were observed in the total quantity of surface immunoglobulins. Metabolism of the antigen-binding receptors of immune splenic lymphocytes was studied by rosette formation. Culture of spleen cells obtained on the fifth day after injection of SRBC for 20 h showed that 70% of the rosette-forming cells (RFC) were lost. The remaining RFC belonged to -positive lymphocytes. The half-replacement time of their antigen-binding receptors was approximately 4 h. Replacement of receptors of RFC in the mouse spleen on the ninth day after antigenic stimulation takes place at the same rate. During culture of spleen cells for 20 h no decrease in the number of RFC was observed. It is postulated that the decrease in the number of RFC obtained at the peak of the primary immune response may be the result of inability of the immune lymphocytes to synthesize new receptors or the result of blocking the newly formed receptors by a soluble factor produced by immune lymphocytes during culture in vitro.N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 574–576, May, 1977.     

Cyclic AMP formation during phagocytosis

The content of cyclic adenosine-3, 5-monophosphate (AMP) in phagocytic macrophages was shown to be increased especially during phagocytosis of the living microbes. The cyclic AMP formed during phagocytosis could be detected in the incubation medium, but in the cells it remained at almost the same level. The cyclic AMP concentration in cells of the intestinal mucosa and in the blood serum of germfree guinea pigs also was increased after injection ofEscherichia coli 055 cells; this points to the participation of the adenylate cyclase system in interaction between microorganisms and the epithelium of the small intestine.Research Laboratory of Experimental Biological Models, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, V. N. Orekhovich.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 953–956, August, 1976.