胃肠肿瘤术后患者肠外营养支持的评价

目的:评价经静脉给予低热量与传统热量肠外营养对胃肠肿瘤术后患者营养支持的体温、血糖、BUN/sCr、临床结局指标等的情况.方法:查阅病例,采用回顾、对照的方法比较两组患者术后指标的差异.结果:传统肠外营养组术后第1天平均血糖水平显著高于低热量组(P=0.027);术后第1天与第3天相比,血糖水平显著升高(P=0.04),而低热量组无显著性差异(P=0.219);术后第3天的体温明显高于低热量组(P=0.005);静脉炎和术后并发症的发病率显著高于低热量组(P＜0.05);两组患者BUN/sCr、血清甘油三酯水平的变化无显著性差异;卫生经济学指标方面无显著性差异.结论:胃肠肿瘤术后患者,连续5天经外周静脉应用低热组PN支持较传统组能更好控制血糖、减少感染相关并发症,经济学指标有优于传统组的趋势.     

不同营养支持治疗方式对肝癌术后恢复的前瞻性对照研究

目的 比较不同的营养治疗支持方式对肝癌合并肝硬化患者肝切除术后恢复的影响作用.方法 选择可切除的肝癌肝硬化患者212例术后随机分成常规热量肠外营养组（traditional parenteral nutrition,PN）77例、低热量肠外营养组（hypocaloric parenteral nutrition,HPN）70例和低热量肠内营养组（hypocaloric enteral nutrition,HEN）65例3组,PN组和HPN组术后营养支持能量需求分别为（25～30）kcal/（kg·d）和（16 ～20） kcal/（kg·d）,经中心静脉输注;HEN组术后能量需求为20kcal/（kg·d）,术后早期（术后24h）经鼻肠营养管加营养泵控制输注;比较3组患者在术后5天短期内经过不同营养支持方式治疗后患者的营养状态、胃肠道功能、肝功能、并发症发生率、术后住院时间和营养支持治疗费用的差别.结果 三组患者在手术之前机能状况无统计学差异,术后7天HEN组患者血清总胆酸（TBA）和总胆红素（TBIL）值明显低于PN组和HPN组（P＜0.05）,胃肠道功能恢复时间3组患者分别是56.4h、78.8h和74.4h（P ＜0.05）;营养支持治疗的相关费用分别是412元、977元和714元（P＜0.05）;术后住院时间分别是10.1天、13.4天和11.1天（P＜0.05）,并发症发生率分别是7.4％、12.2％和11.7％ （P ＜0.05）.结论 肝癌肝硬化患者术后采用HEN支持的治疗方式,在恢复患者胃肠道功能、提升肝脏合成蛋白的能力和改善淤胆状态、降低术后并发症等方面优于其他治疗方式;同时HEN治疗可降低患者经济负担,缩短住院时间;低热量的营养支持更加符合肝癌肝硬化患者术后的生理代谢需求.     

序贯营养支持法在重度颅脑损伤代谢紊乱患者治疗中的应用

目的:探讨重度颅脑损伤患者治疗早期实行肠内、肠外序贯营养支持(TPN)法的合理性和临床效果。方法:实验组37例重度颅脑损伤患者在常规治疗基础上早期给予TPN,入院2-3d给予肠外营养(PN),2-8d后给予肠内营养(EN)+PN,5d后给予EN。对照组33例重度颅脑损伤患者常规治疗同治疗组,EN采用混合奶,经胃管给予。观察第1、7、14、21天2组血糖、血清白蛋白水平和外周血淋巴细胞计数。结果:2组血糖水平均随时间推移逐渐降低。第1、7、14、21天实验组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第21天实验组血清白蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);第14、21天实验组淋巴细胞计数明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:重度颅脑损伤早期行TPN能逐渐满足机体所需能量及氮的需求,通过较短时间肠外、肠内给予营养的过渡,并尽早实行EN更符合机体的生理需求,保护肠粘膜屏障,减少感染和并发症的发生,TPN符合颅脑损伤患者的病理、生理改变,能逐渐改变此类患者的营养状况。     

危重患者的肠道营养支持应用分析

目的:观察肠道营养支持对ICU危重患者的治疗效果。方法:ICU危重患者50例,随机分为肠道营养组25例和肠外营养组25例,分别给予相同热量和氮量的肠内或肠外营养制剂。两组患者均于营养支持前与营养支持第9天检测血清白蛋白、前蛋白、血红蛋白及上臂肌围和三头肌皮皱厚度。结果:肠道营养支持后,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白增高(P<0.01);两组对比肠道营养支持后患者的血清前蛋白和白蛋白均高于肠外营养支持后(P<0.01),而血红蛋白、上臂肌围和三头肌皮皱厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与肠外营养支持相比,肠道营养支持可明显改善危重患者的营养状况。     

生长抑素联合肠外营养在治疗移植物抗宿主病肝肠损害中的作用

目的 探讨生长抑素联合肠外营养支持治疗在移植物抗宿主病中肝肠损害的治疗应用.方法 对19例异基因造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病中肝肠损害患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均予护肝免疫抑制治疗,观察组采用14肽生长抑素6 mg/d连续静注,肠外营养支持配方根据临床常规给予.对照组常规流质饮食,部分肠外营养.结果 观察组与对照组比较腹泻次数明显减少(P＜0.01),血ALT明显下降(P＜0.01),血清白蛋白下降幅较少(P＜0.05),血TBIL无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 生长抑素联合肠外营养支持治疗是异基因骨髓移植物抗宿主病肝肠损害的一种有效治疗方法.     

肠内联合肠外营养支持对ICU重症患者营养状况指标的影响

目的：观察肠内联合肠外营养支持对IC U重症患者的营养状况指标的影响,指导临床合理治疗。方法：以我院2011年1月-2012年11月收治的90例IC U重症患者为观察对象,按随机数字表分为肠内营养组（Ⅰ组）45例和肠内联合肠外营养支持组（Ⅱ组）45例,分别给予相应的营养支持,营养支持7d、14d后进行效果评估,分别检测营养支持前、后血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、体质指数,采用SPSS17．0进行统计分析。结果：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组治疗7d、14d后血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、体质指数均较治疗前明显提高（均 P＜0．05）,治疗7d、14d后Ⅱ组血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、体质指数明显高于Ⅰ组（均 P＜0．05）。结论：肠内联合肠外营养支持在IC U重症患者的应用效果优于单纯肠内营养,能够快速有效增强患者体质,利于病情康复,弥补单纯肠内营养所致的能量摄入不足的缺点,可为IC U危重患者护理时首选的营养支持方案。     

食管贲门癌术后早期肠内与肠外营养的对比研究

目的 观察食管贲门癌术后早期肠内与肠外营养的临床效果,探讨早期肠内营养对食管贲门癌患者术后的影响.方法 将96例食管、贲门癌患者随机分为EN组和PN组,EN组给予肠内营养,PN组给予肠外营养,观察两组患者胃肠道功能恢复及不良反应情况.结果 EN组术后8天PA水平高于PN组;TBIL、GGT均低于PN组,组间比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而EN组术后肠蠕动恢复时间明显提前于PN组,住院时间明显短于PN组,营养支持费用明显少于PN组,两组比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);EN组并发症的发生率为10.42%,明显低于PN组的29.17%(P＜0.05).结论 食管贲门癌术后早期营养支持可有效改善机体营养状态,促进胃肠道功能恢复.     

早期肠内外营养结合支持对重型颅脑损伤患者的影响

目的 探讨早期肠内外营养结合对重型颅脑损伤患者营养状况、并发症的影响及合理性.方法 60例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为肠外营养加肠内营养支持组(EN+ PN组)和全肠外营养支持组(PN组)各30例.EN +PN组在重型颅脑损伤早期行肠内营养(EN)和肠外营养(PN)结合支持,8天后转为全肠内营养支持.PN组在整个治疗期行全肠外营养支持.观察两组治疗后第2、8、14天的血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、IgA、IgG、IgM,并发症发生率和住院费用.结果 从第8天起EN+ PN组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、IgA、IgG平均高于PN组、两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EN+ PN组在降低并发症和降低住院费用明显优于PN组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于重型颅脑损伤患者,行早期肠内营养和肠外营养结合可以明显改善营养状况.减少并发症的发生,降低住院费用,符合患者的病理、生理要求,值得推广应用.     

早期肠内营养干预对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群与感染的影响

目的给予重症急性胰腺炎患者开展早期肠内营养干预,探究干预前后不同时间点肠道菌群与感染情况。方法选取西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科于2017年7月至2018年12月收治的重症急性胰腺炎患者75例,根据营养支持方式分为肠外组(37例)和肠内组(38例),比较干预前、营养支持后7 d两组营养情况、肠道菌群情况及感染发生率。结果干预前,两组患者血清白蛋白、前白蛋白含量相近(P>0.05);营养支持7 d后,肠内组血清白蛋白、前白蛋白含量均明显高于肠外组(P<0.05),且两组患者前白蛋白含量较营养支持前均改善(P<0.05);两组患者营养支持前,肠道各菌群水平相近(P>0.05);营养支持7 d后,肠内组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和肠球菌水平均优于营养支持前,且优于肠外组(P<0.05);肠内组患者感染发生率为5.26%,肠外组感染发生率为24.32%,肠内组明显低于肠外组(P<0.05)。结论给予重症胰腺炎患者开展早期肠内营养干预,可提升营养情况,改善肠道菌群并降低继发性感染发生率,干预具有明显优势。     

早期肠内营养对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的:研究早期肠内营养(EN)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清内毒素、炎症细胞因子和肠黏膜通透性等的影响.方法:符合条件的43例患者入院24～48 h后随机分为早期肠内营养组(EN组,22例)和肠外营养组(PN组,21例),行营养支持.检测两组患者治疗前,治疗后3 d和14 d的血清内毒素,炎症细胞因子,淀粉酶等生化指标,治疗前和治疗后14 d尿液乳果糖与甘露醇排泄率比值(L/M);观察其APACHE-Ⅱ评分、MODS和胰腺及胰周感染发生率.结果:EN组患者均能良好耐受早期EN治疗.两组营养支持治疗前血清内毒素、炎症细胞因子水平和APACHE-Ⅱ评分差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).与PN组相比,EN组3 d、14 d后血清内毒素水平均显著降低(P＜0.05).营养支持治疗后3 d两组血清各细胞因子水平均差异无显著性(P＞0.05),14 d后EN组显著低于PN组(P＜0.05).治疗前两组尿中(L/M)比值差异无显著性,14 d后EN组L/M比值较PN组显著降低(P＜0.05).与PN组相比,EN组14 d后APACHE-Ⅱ评分显著降低(P＜0.05),MODS和胰腺及胰周感染发生率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:早期EN可促进SAP患者肠黏膜屏障功能恢复,减轻肠源性内毒素血症,缓和急性期炎症反应,降低MODS和胰腺及胰周感染发生率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.