1980名中青年警察血脂与高血压、糖调节受损聚焦性分析

目的对珠海市1980名中青年警察血脂进行检测,比较不同血脂水平间高血压、糖调节受损检出率的差别,分析血脂与血压、血糖异常的聚集性。方法对1980名中青年警察的血脂进行分类,对不同血脂水平合并高血压、糖调节受损情况进行分析。结果总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)均在合适范围的检出率为47.1%,高血压、糖调节受损的检出率分别为8.4%和3.6%。TG升高人群空腹血糖、收缩压、舒张压均高于合适范围人群,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血脂正常者合并糖调节受损、高血压检出率分别为1.5%和4.2%;血清TG升高者合并糖调节受损、高血压检出率分别为6.5%和8.8%;血清TC升高者合并糖调节受损、高血压检出率分别为1.7%和16.1%;混合型高脂血症者合并糖调节受损、高血压检出率为4.7%和18.7%。结论警察群体血脂异常与高血压、糖调节受损有显著的聚集性,防治血脂异常应兼顾相关因素的综合治疗。     

重庆市部分体检人群体质指数、血压、血脂和血糖检测分析

目的 分析重庆市体检人群体质指数(BMI)、血压、血脂、血糖的异常状况.方法 对体检的16367例人群的身高、体重、血压、血脂、空腹血糖资料进行统计分析.结果 该人群超重率、肥胖率分别达33.2%,7.4%,高血压检出率为25.4%,总胆同醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)异常率分别为38.9%,26.1%,23.7%,8.2%;空腹糖调节受损(IFG)及糖尿病(DM)检出率分别均为3.2%.结论 重庆市体检人群的BMI、血压、血脂、空腹血糖异常率较高,健康人群应定期体检,有利于疾病的早期发现.     

某学院40岁以上教职工的血压、血脂、血糖检测及结果分析

[目的]了解40岁以上教职工高血压的患病和血脂、血糖的异常情况,以指导教职工进行日常的自我保健,提高教职工健康水平.[方法]检测血压、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血糖(FPG),分析不同性别人群各项指标的差异.[结果]高血压患病率男性和女性分别为54.63%和33.82%,二者间差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.630,P＜0.001)TG异常检出率男性与女性分别为33.34%和14.71%,二者间差异有统计学意义.TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和FPG的异常检出率,男性与女性比较差异无统计学意义.TC异常检出率高血压与非高血压人群分别为30.48%和15.11%;TG异常检出率高血压与非高血压人群分别为34.29%和20.86%,二者间差异有统计学意义.[结论]男性教职工的高血压患病率、TG异常检出率高于女性教职工;TC和TG异常检出率高血压人群高于非高血压人群;TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和FPG的异常检出率,男性与女性教职工无明显差异.     

河北省部分干部人群超重、肥胖与血压、血脂及血糖的关系

目的 探讨成人超重、肥胖与血压、血脂及血糖等心血管疾病危险因素的关系.方法 于2007年5-6月对河北省机关事业单位干部1 499人,进行身高、体重、血压测量和空腹血糖、血脂检测.比较不同体质指数(BMI)人群的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血糖水平及各指标异常率,并进行单因素Logistic回归分析和各危险因素聚集性分析.结果 超重和肥胖总检出率为49.9%.其中男性65.7%,女性33.5%,男性超重率和肥胖率均高于女性,差别有统计学意义(P=0.000).与正常体重成人相比,超重和肥胖组成人SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C和血糖水平均明显升高,HDL-C明显降低,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).高SBP、高DBP、高TC、高TG、高LDL-C和低HD L-C检出率均明显升高(P<0.05).超重和肥胖成人SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C升高的危险性分别为BMI正常成人的2.27、2.37、2.97、2.24、5.37倍,HDL-C降低的危险性为BMI正常成人的4.02倍.拥有心血管疾病危险因素个数与体重指数等级呈线性相关(X2趋势=238.485,P=0.000).结论 河北省机关事业单位干部人群超重和肥胖率较高,超重和肥胖者患高血压、血脂异常的危险性增加.     

合肥地区成年糖尿病高危人群糖调节受损调查结果分析

目的 调查了解合肥地区成年居民糖尿病高危人群以及糖调节受损筛查结果,为调整当地糖尿病防控政策提供依据。方法 于2021年3—12月采用阶段分层整群抽样方法选取合肥地区3 000户家庭的成年居民为研究对象,利用调查问卷、体格检查和生化指标检测筛查糖尿病高危因素,调查糖尿病高危人群现状以及糖调节受损情况,采用描述性分析方法对该地区居民糖调节受损情况进行分析。结果 最终8 671名居民完成问卷调查、体格检查以及实验室检查,有效率97.38%,其中男4 128人(47.61%),女4 543人(52.39%);年龄23~93岁,平均(55.6±10.9)岁。检出糖尿病患者914例,检出率10.54%。检出糖尿病高危人群6 190例,检出率为71.39%。其中血糖正常性高危人群3 043例,检出率35.09%;糖调节受损3 147例,检出率36.29%,其中空腹血糖受损(IFG)1 259例(14.52),糖耐量受损(IGT)1 427例(16.46%),IFG+IGT 461例(5.32%)。所有糖调节受损者均合并至少1项危险因素。年龄、糖调节受损史、超重/肥胖/中心性肥胖、长期静坐、糖尿病家族史、高血压和血脂异常情况不同的居民糖调节受损检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。糖尿病高危人群中具有2项和3项危险因素占比最高,分别为27.42%和28.14%;不同危险因素数目的糖尿病高危人群的糖调节受损检出率随着糖尿病高危因素聚集性增加检出率越高(P<0.01)。结论 糖尿病高危人群进展为糖调节受损以及糖尿病的风险预防十分重要,应持续开展糖尿病高危人群筛查工作,并尽早规范健康管理水平,为糖尿病防治分层干预提供参考依据。     

广州地区军队离退休干部血脂状况与相关疾病谱分析

目的探讨广州地区军队离退休干部血脂状况特点及其与老年心脑血管疾病的关系.方法对2107例离退休干部体检血脂结果进行分析.结果血脂异常总检出率为75.1%,依次为混合性血脂异常、高胆固醇(TC)血症、高甘油三酯(TG)血症,检出率分别为30.4%、20.8%和13.0%;80岁以上组TC、TG值比60-组和70-组明显减低(P均＜0.01).老年女性TC、TG异常总检出率均高于老年男性(P均＜0.01);血脂异常者伴有的疾病依次为高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病和中风,患病率分别为32.7%、20.1%、19.5%和13.7%.结论广州地区离退休干部血脂异常检出率较高,提示该人群发生动脉粥样硬化的危险性增加,应重视血脂的检测以及对血脂异常的干预.     

河北省机关事业单位干部人群血压及相关危险因素分析

[目的]了解河北省机关事业单位干部人群高血压患病状况,探讨血压与血脂、血糖、超重肥胖等因素的关系. [方法]整群抽取河北省机关事业单位干部人群1 503例,进行身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压测量和空腹血糖、血脂检测. [结果]1 503名研究对象,高血压患者410人,高血压患病率27.3%.1、2、3级高血压分别占76.8%、19.3%、3.9%.高血压患病率男性(39.5%)高于女性(14.6%).随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率有上升趋势(χ2=324.988,P<0.01).收缩压(119.5±19.5)mmHg,舒张压,77.8±10.9,mmHg,男性高于女性;血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及空腹血糖受损(IFG)和糖尿病患者的高血压患病率和血压正常高值检出率均高于正常者(χ2值分别为36.220,128.746,12.953,37.254,均P<0.01).超重胆胖者高血压患病率和血压正常高值检出率均高于正常者(χ2值分别为49.924,47.284,P<0.01),中心性肥胖者高血压患病率和血压正常高检出率均高于正常考(χ2值分别为190.539,184.546,P<0.01). [结论]河北省机关事业单位干部高血压患病率较高,TC、TG、IFG、糖尿病、超重肥胖者高血压患病率明显高于正常者,应加强高血压的综合防治.     

某高校教职工血脂水平的调查分析

目的了解高校教职工血脂水平及血脂异常分布特征。方法对某高校891名教职工进行血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果TC、TG水平随年龄的增长而升高,HDL-C水平随年龄增长而降低;60岁以后血脂异常比59岁以前有所下降。男性TG升高检出率为28.1%,女性为20.9%,男性高于女性(χ2=4.07,p<0.05);男性TC升高检出率为5.1%,女性为4.2%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.40,p>0.05)。结论高校教职工血脂异常的状况应引起高度关注,该人群是心血管病重点防控人群。     

江苏省启东市体检人群血糖血脂异常现状分析

目的 分析江苏省启东市体检人群血糖、血脂检测结果,为卫生保健部门针对相关慢性病的健康管理提供参考。方法 收集2020年下半年在启东市人民医院/启东肝癌防治研究所参与健康体检的4 563名体检者的体检数据,分析其空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose,FBG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）水平及血糖血脂异常现状。结果 4 563名体检者血糖及血脂异常率分别为12.91%和37.10%。血糖异常在性别、年龄、职业、BMI及饮酒特征分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,血脂异常在性别、年龄、受教育程度、职业、BMI、吸烟及饮酒特征分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。TC升高、TG升高、HDL-C降低及LDL-C升高检出率分别为15.67%、23.5...     

某高校教职工血脂水平的调查分析

目的了解高校教职工血脂水平及血脂异常分布特征。方法对某高校891名教职工进行血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果TC、TG水平随年龄的增长而升高,HDL-C水平随年龄增长而降低;60岁以后血脂异常比59岁以前有所下降。男性TG升高检出率为28.1%,女性为20.9%,男性高于女性（χ^2=4.07,p〈0.05）;男性TC升高检出率为5.1%,女性为4.2%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.40,p〉0.05）。结论高校教职工血脂异常的状况应引起高度关注,该人群是心血管病重点防控人群。     

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.     

2011年温州城乡九所中小学生超重肥胖患病状况调查

【目的】 调查温州城乡中小学生超重肥胖的患病状况。 【方法】 2011年5-8月随机抽取温州城区、城乡结合部及农村中小学共9所学校进行整群调查。记录学生的一般资料,同时测量身高体重两项发育指标,计算体质指数,按照2004年中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)推荐的诊断标准,评价温州市中小学生的超重及肥胖患病状况。 【结果】 共9 657名在校学生参与调查,其中男生5 114 名,女生4 543名,平均年龄(14.95±4.53)岁,被调查人群中超重占7.6%,肥胖占2.6%,男生超重和肥胖患病状况均显著高于女生(9.8% vs 5.2%,5.2% vs 1.2%,P值均<0.01),各年龄段中以7岁儿童肥胖及超重状况最为严重(27.15% vs 7.955%),城区及城乡结合部超重肥胖患病状况明显高于农村(P值均<0.01)。 【结论】 温州中小学校肥胖和超重总患病约为10%,男性,尤其是城区及城乡结合部男生超重肥胖患病情况最为严重,需要引起高度重视。     

儿童铁和锌缺乏与营养素补充

营养性铁和锌缺乏症是严重影响儿童健康的常见营养素缺乏问题,在发展中国家是导致疾病负担加重和高死亡率的重要因素.铁和锌缺乏症每年引起约数万名5岁以下儿童死亡.婴幼儿是铁和锌缺乏的高危人群,摄入不足是造成铁和锌缺乏的主要原因.6～24个月婴幼儿的铁缺乏可对其智力发育产生不可逆的损害;锌缺乏是引起2岁以下幼儿生长发育迟缓的主要原因之一.补充微量营养素以及应用微量营养素强化食品可减少儿童铁和锌缺乏的发生,并具有较高的成本效益,应作为优先推荐的干预措施.该文就铁和锌缺乏的危害和干预研究进展作以综述.     

Efficacy of single and double doses of albendazole and mebendazole alone and in combination in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura in school-age children in Uganda

A randomised clinical trial was conducted in Kabale District, southwestern Uganda, to compare the efficacies of single and double doses of a combination of 400 mg albendazole (ALB) and 500 mg mebendazole (MBZ) with those of single and double doses of each drug given alone in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura. Infected pupils (n = 611) were randomised to six treatment groups. Three groups received either a single dose of ALB, MBZ or the combination (ALB+MBZ). The other three groups received either a double dose of ALB (ALB/ALB), MBZ (MBZ/MBZ) or the combination (ALB+MBZ/ALB+MBZ). All double doses were given 8 h apart. Children were followed-up weekly for 1 month. Cure rates were significantly higher using double doses compared with single doses (irrespective of drug; z = −4.02, P < 0.0005) as well as using the drug combination compared with single drugs (irrespective of doses; z = −7.64, P < 0.0005). Cure rates measured at Day 7 were significantly higher than on Days 14 and 21 after treatment (Day 14, z = 9.90, P < 0.0005; Day 21, z = 7.36, P < 0.0005). Geometric mean (GM) intensities of positives were significantly lower on Day 7 compared with all other subsequent days (P < 0.00005), and on Day 28 GM intensities reached pre-treatment levels (P = 0.096). Whilst there was no difference in egg excretion between single and double doses of the same drug or drug combination (F_(df1) = 0.28, P = 0.60), the combination treatment resulted in lower egg excretion than use of single drugs (F_(df2) = 50.90, P < 0.00005). All the tested regimens of ALB and MBZ had low cure rates against T. trichiura in Uganda, but both combination treatments showed satisfactory egg reduction rates 3 weeks after treatment. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01050452]     

Relationships between distribution of lead in erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro and inhibition of ALA-D.

Proteins in the ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) fraction from gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant (ES) have the highest affinity for lead among erythrocyte constituents in vivo and in vitro. It takes 20-40 hours for erythrocyte components to be equilibrated with lead added in vitro. AT low lead concentrations, under 60 micrograms/100 ml ES, the extent of decrease in ALA-D activity indicates the extent of lead saturation of ALA-D fraction proteins. The saturation is attained at 80-110 micrograms/100 ml ES. Although an appreciable amount of lead is also found in the haemoglobin fraction that contains certain factors concerned in ALA-D inhibition, lead responsible for inducing the inhibition is not bound to haemoglobin fraction proteins but to ALA-D fraction proteins. Of three treatments or agents recovering the enzyme from lead effects, zinc is the only one that can fully restore the inhibition.     

Heart disease mortality in cities of Latin America and in cities and regions of England and Wales

Death rates from heart disease in cities and regions of England and Wales, based on death certificates for 1963, are compared with death rates from the same causes in 10 Latin American cities, San Francisco, USA, and Bristol, England, derived from the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality which obtained histories and clinical records of fatal illnesses for the years 1962-64 by a sampling method. Death rates in Bristol derived from the 2 sources showed an agreement close enough to justify comparisons between official rates for England and Wales and the data for the Latin American cities.     

重庆市医疗卫生机构放射诊疗频度调查分析

目的 掌握2019年重庆市医疗卫生机构放射诊疗频度,为有关单位开展放射诊疗监督监测提供基础数据。方法 采用调查表法,调查放射诊疗机构基本情况,X射线诊断、介入治疗、核医学诊疗、放射治疗等放射诊疗频度。结果 放射诊疗机构1845家,放射诊疗设备3769台,医学放射工作人员8647人。X射线诊断1843.0501万人次（应用频度594.2人次/千人口）,其中常规X射线诊断1300.7987万人次（应用频度419.4人次/千人口）、CT诊断460.7244万人次（应用频度148.5人次/千人口）、其他X射线诊断81.527万人次（应用频度26.3人次/千人口）。介入治疗7.1436万人次（应用频度2.3人次/千人口）,核医学诊断6.681万人次（应用频度2.15人次/千人口）,核医学治疗4340人（应用频度0.14人/千人口）,放射治疗1.6249万人（应用频度0.52人/千人口）。结论 重庆市放射诊疗资源配置与放射诊疗水平发展不平衡,建议有关部门进一步优化放射诊疗资源配置,提升放射诊疗发展水平。     

Dissipation and Residues of Difenoconazole and Azoxystrobin in Bananas and Soil in Two Agro-Climatic Zones of China

Residues of a fungicide suspension (12 % difenoconazole, 18 % azoxystrobin) in bananas and soil were studied under tropical and subtropical monsoon climates, in Hainan and Yunnan provinces, respectively. The half-lives in bananas were shorter in Hainan (difenoconazole: 8.4–10.7 days; azoxystrobin: 7.8–8.4 days) than Yunnan (difenoconazole: 11.3–13.0 days; azoxystrobin: 10.4–11.6 days), possibly because of the higher temperatures and solar radiation levels in Hainan. The half-lives in soil were shorter in Yunnan (difenoconazole: 15.5–16.7; azoxystrobin: 11.9–13.9 days) than Hainan (difenoconazole: 23.1–23.2 days; azoxystrobin: 16.0–16.1 days), possibly because the organic carbon content was higher and rainfall lower in Yunnan than Hainan. Their physico-chemical properties suggest difenoconazole and azoxystrobin should be stable in bananas and soil, but both decreased to safe concentrations by the minimum harvest time after spraying the mixture at the recommended dosage and 1.5 times that dosage, through physical, chemical, and biological processes.