彩色多普勒及无应激试验联合应用预测围生儿结局

目的　探讨彩色多普勒、无应激试验 (NST)联合应用预测围生儿结局的临床价值。方法　浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院 2 0 0 0年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 2月将 16 6例NST检测异常孕妇分为 2组 ,即高危妊娠组 (妊娠并发症组 )和正常妊娠组 ,进行彩色多普勒胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉阻力指标 (S/D值、PI值、RI值 )检测。结果　高危妊娠组围生儿预后不良发生率明显高于正常妊娠组。距最后 1次检测时间 2d内分娩的孕妇围生儿预后不良发生率明显低于 3～ 7d分娩的孕妇 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　NST异常 ,脐动脉、大脑中动脉阻力指标正常者 ,无需过早干预妊娠 ,可动态观察。NST异常且脐动脉、大脑中动脉阻力指标异常者 ,宜尽早终止妊娠。     

NST反复异常的妊娠结局初探

目的探讨NST反复异常的临床价值.方法1996年2月至1999年1月在本院住院分娩且产前NST异常2次以上的孕妇204例为异常组和随机抽出同期NST正常孕妇103例为对照组.所有孕妇在行NST的同时都进行声振动声刺激试验,并对两组孕妇的妊娠结局进行比较.结果异常组中有妊娠合并症和发生围产儿预后不良者明显高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.005);在异常组中,距最后一次检查于3天内分娩的孕妇发生围产儿预后不良明显低于3天后分娩的孕妇(P＜0.05).结论NST反复异常提示胎儿在宫内有不同程度的缺氧.     

妊高征患者胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流动力学研究

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(PHI)患者胎儿脐动脉(UA)及大脑中动脉(MCA)的血流动力学变化规律,评价彩色多普勒血流显像技术在PIH上的利用价值。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像术检测95例正常晚期妊娠和52例PHI患者胎儿UA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及MCA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),计算MCA—PI/UA—PI、MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值,均取平均值比较。结果PIH组与正常组UA—PI值比较有明显增高(P<0.01),而UA—RI值二组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);MCA—PI值与MCA—RI值仅在重度PIH组与正常组间比较有显著降低(P<0.01);MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值与正常组比较均有明显降低(P<0.01);重度PIH组MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值二者均小于1。预测围产儿结局方面,MCA—PI/UA—PI具有高的敏感性(88.89％)、特异性(97.06％)、阳性预测值(94.12％)及阴性预测值(94.28％),其诊断指数最高为0.86,且与单一血管比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论妊高征患者胎儿的胎盘循环与颅脑循环的血流动力学变化规律不一致,二者结合在预测妊高征病情发展程度和预测围产儿结局方面有重要的临床价值。     

子痫前期患者胎盘微循环状态与妊娠结局的相关性

目的 探讨子痫前期患者胎盘微循环状态与妊娠结局的相关性。方法 选取2020年8月至2022年8月荆州市中心医院收治的子痫前期患者62例作为观察组,纳入同期孕周相同的健康体检孕妇62例作为对照组,比较两组胎盘微循环参数的差异,将观察组患者按妊娠结局分为良好妊娠结局43例和不良妊娠结局组19例,分析胎盘微循环参数与子痫前期患者妊娠结局的相关性。结果 观察组BMI、入院收缩压、舒张压、ALT、AST、LDH、BUN、Cr、UA以及家族高血压史率、搏动指数和阻力指数、早产、胎儿窘迫发生率均高于对照组（P <0.05）,观察组单位面积血管数、TAV低于对照组（P <0.05）;不良妊娠结局组单位面积血管数、S/D、TAV低于良好妊娠结局组（P <0.05）,搏动指数和阻力指数高于良好妊娠结局组（P <0.05）;ROC分析结果显示,胎盘中央单位面积血管数、S/D、TAV、搏动指数、阻力指数对子痫前期患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积均高于0.75。Logistic分析结果显示,单位面积血管数<0.12/cm2、S/D<2.28、TAV<10.73 cm/s、搏...     

胎心监护无负荷试验中变化减速波形的临床分析

目的 探讨胎心监护无负荷试验（NST）中变化减速（VD）发生的影响因素及围生儿结局。方法 回顾性分析山东省立医院2001年2月至2005年2月5120例NST中出现VD的283例监护图形,比较不同图形影响因素的发生率和围生儿结局。结果 NST中VD的发生率5.53%（283/5120）。单纯VD中影响因素发生率56.49%（87/154）,不典型VD中影响因素发生率94.57%（122/129）,差异具有显著性意义（χ^2=52.7,P〈0.01）。在分娩的283例新生儿中,1分钟Apgar评分〉7分者252例,≤7分者31例,其中单纯VD组新生儿窒息率2.59%（4/154）,而不典型VD组新生儿窒息率20.92%（27/129）,差异具有显著性意义（χ^2=24.2,P〈0.01）;单纯VD组剖宫产率（21.43%,33/154）低于不典型VD组（55.04%,71/129）,差异具有显著性意义（χ^2=34.1,P〈0.01）。结论 NST中变化减速的发生与多种因素有关,脐带异常最常见,不典型VD较典型者影响因素更明确,新生儿窒息的发生率更高,不典型VD较单纯VD更容易发生胎儿宫内窘迫。     

妊娠中晚期子宫-胎盘-胎儿循环与妊娠期高血压疾病进展程度的相关研究

目的探讨妊娠中晚期双侧子宫动脉血流阻力参数值、双侧子宫动脉舒张早期切迹及胎盘血管显示用于监测妊娠期高血压疾病进展程度的作用,寻找异常频谱界值并分析其与围生结局的关系。方法将71例妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇分为妊娠期高血压组（妊高组）、轻度子痫前期（pre—eclampsia,PE）组（轻度PE组）、重度子痫前期组（重度PE组）和妊娠合并慢性高血压病组（慢高组）;39例无合并症单胎孕妇设为对照组。采用彩色超声检测各组孕妇双侧子宫动脉血流频谱,同时采用eFlow技术获得胎盘血流灌注图像,分析妊娠中晚期双侧子宫动脉血流阻力参数值、双侧子宫动脉舒张早期切迹、胎盘血管显示情况及异常频谱界值与围生期结局的关系。结果①与对照组、妊高组比较,重度PE组血流阻力参数值明显增高（P均〈O．05）,轻度PE组部分血流阻力参数值较对照组增高（P〈O．05）;以搏动指数（PI）平均值〉O．825作为界值,预测重度子痫前期的灵敏度为81．1％,特异度为64．4％;②轻度PE组及重度PE组妊娠中晚期舒张早期切迹及双侧切迹存在率均较对照组、妊高组及慢高组高（P均〈O．001）;③以PI平均值〉O．825和／或存在舒张早期切迹作为异常子宫动脉频谱界值,异常频谱组新生儿出生孕周及出生体质量明显小于正常频谱组（P均〈O．001）,异常频谱组由于血压控制不理想需行剖宫产终止妊娠,发生严重围生期并发症、死胎等严重不良围生期结局的发生率明显高于正常频谱组（P〈O．001）;④前壁胎盘孕妇中,子痫前期组患者三级绒毛动脉计数明显少于非子痫前期患者（P〈O．05）;后壁胎盘孕妇中,子痫前期组患者胎盘三级绒毛动脉显示率明显低于非子痫前期患者（P〈o．05）。结论①妊娠中晚期双侧子宫动脉各血流阻力参数值及舒张早期切迹可用于预测子痫前期尤其是重度子痫前期的发生,可作为妊娠期高血压疾病严重程度的监测指标;②异常子宫动脉频谱可用于预测严重不良围生期结局的发生,③妊娠中晚期胎盘内三级绒毛动脉显示率及计数可用于预测子痫前期的发生。     

彩色和能量多普勒超声对高危妊娠胎盘绒毛动脉的血流监测及与妊娠结局的关系

目的　研究高危妊娠胎盘循环的病理生理变化及与其妊娠结局的关系。方法　将研究对象根据脐血流S/D值和临床症状将 1 0 2例研究对象分为三组 :脐血流S/D≥ 95 th%者 37例为胎儿 -胎盘供血不足组 ;脐血流S/D <95 th%者同时有妊娠合并症及并发症者 4 2例为妊娠合并症和并发症组 ;无任何妊娠合并症和并发症2 3例作为正常妊娠对照组。经彩色和能量多普勒超声检测三组脐动脉、胎盘内绒毛动脉的阻力及计数胎盘内绒毛血管的条数并与妊娠结局相比较。结果　脐血流S/D≥ 95 th%的孕妇胎盘内绒毛血管的数量明显低于正常妊娠组和妊娠合并症、并发症组 ,胎盘内绒毛动脉的S/D值均显著高于其他两组。虽然正常组和妊娠合并症及并发症组脐动脉血流S/D值均小于 95 th% ,但妊娠合并症和并发症组胎盘内绒毛血管的数量显著低于正常组 ,胎盘内绒毛动脉S/D值显著高于正常组。三组中胎儿 -胎盘供血不足组妊娠结局最差 ;妊娠合并症和并发症组胎儿体重和胎盘重量居中 ;正常妊娠无不良围产儿结局。结论　彩色和能量多普勒超声可监测胎盘内绒毛血管数量及绒毛动脉的阻力 ,其血流动力学的变化为进一步洞察高危妊娠胎盘循环提供了直接依据     

早发型重度子(癎)前期母体子宫动脉及胎儿血流动力学的研究

目的通过观察分析早发型重度子痢前期母儿血液动力学变化特点，结合其母儿预后，进一步探讨母儿血流动力学监测在早发型重度子痢前期的临床诊治及预后估计中的应用价值。方法采用前瞻性病例一对照研究方法，应用彩色多普勒超声对36例早发型重度子痢前期和72例正常同期孕妇进行血液动力学有关参数测定（包括UA-S／D、UA—PI、MCA—S／D、MCA-PI、UtA—S／D、UtA-PI），并结合其预后进行统计分析。结果在早发型重度子痢前期组和正常妊娠组，胎儿UA、MCA血流及孕妇UtA血流的S／D、PI值均随着妊娠的进展，呈逐渐下降的趋势，早发型重度子痢前期的UA—S／D，UA-PI，UtA-S／D，UtA-PI比正常妊娠时明显增高（P〈0．05），而MCA-S／D和MCA—PI在妊娠33周前则比正常妊娠组降低，妊娠33周后有显著性差异。当早发型重度子痢前期出现母胎血流动学变化时，围产儿不良结局的发生率高于正常妊娠组。本研究中有7例胎儿产前出现脐动脉舒张末期血流缺如（AEDV），全部合并FGR，围产儿死亡6例。结论母胎血流动学参数在早发型重度子痢前期时常发生明显的改变，并与不良的围产儿结局有关，AEDV的出现意味着胎儿循环已出现或临近失代偿阶段，警示预后不良。     

静脉导管、脐静脉和脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流检测对子痫前期胎儿预后分析

目的:探讨子痫前期(PE)胎儿静脉导管(DV)、脐静脉(UV)和脐动脉(UA)及大脑中动脉(MCA)血流检测对围生儿预后分析。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声检测PE胎儿的DV、UV和UA及MCA血流参数,并与相应孕周正常妊娠胎儿的血流测值进行对照分析,研究分析其与胎儿不良结局的关系。结果:28~31+6周及36周~分娩前,重度PE胎儿的DV、UV血流测值较正常、轻度PE胎儿升高(P0.05),轻度PE与正常胎儿比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。32周~35+6周,PE胎儿的DV血流参数测值PLI、PVIV、PIV及Qdv/Quv随着PE严重程度呈上升趋势(P0.05)。28周~分娩前,重度PE胎儿UA血流测值较正常、轻度PE胎儿升高(P0.05),轻度PE胎儿UA血流测值RI、PI、S/D与正常胎儿比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),28~36周PE胎儿的MCA血流测值RI、PI、S/D与正常胎儿比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PE胎儿DV、UV、UA血流测值与新生儿的出生体重、Apgar评分、脐动脉血氧饱和度、脐静脉p H值呈负相关。PE胎儿DV的PVIV、PIV,UV的Qdv/Quv,UA的PI、S/D和MCA的RI值与新生儿出生结局相关(P0.05)。结论:DV、UV血流频谱变化可反映PE胎儿宫内状况及预测出生不良结局,若结合UA、MCA血流频谱进行联合分析,将能更准确地评估胎儿的宫内状况。     

内质网应激介导的胎盘滋养细胞凋亡在妊娠期糖尿病合并胎儿生长受限中的研究

目的探讨内质网应激介导的胎盘滋养细胞凋亡在妊娠期糖尿病合并胎儿生长受限中的作用。方法选取37例妊娠期糖尿病合并胎儿生长受限的孕妇为GDM+FGR组,同期产检的50例妊娠期糖尿病合并正常新生儿出生体重的孕妇为对照组,分析两组孕妇妊娠结局、胎盘功能、胎盘内质网应激指标GRP78、内质网应激转录因子CHOP、凋亡相关分子Bax及Bcl-2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果 (1)与对照组相比,GDM+FGR组孕期血糖控制较差,易并发生妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿宫内窘迫、剖宫产及新生儿窒息(P0.01);(2)GDM+FGR组血清胎盘泌乳素水平下降,S/D比值增高,胎盘功能明显下降(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,GDM+FGR组GRP78、CHOP及Bax的mRNA及蛋白水平均明显升高,Bcl-2则显著下降(P0.01),GDM+FGR组存在明显内质网应激介导的胎盘滋养细胞凋亡。结论妊娠期糖尿病合并胎儿生长受限的不良妊娠结局可能与内质网应激介导的胎盘滋养细胞凋亡密切相关。     

The Doppler cerebroplacental ratios and perinatal outcome in post-term pregnancy

Our purpose was to determine whether the Doppler cerebroplacental ratios predicts perinatal outcome in postterm pregnancy. The middle cerebral to umbilical artery resistant and pulsatility indices (MCA PI/UA PI and MCA RI/UA RI) were measured in 59 postterm pregnancies. We found significant correlation between MCA PI/UA PI, MCA RI/UA RI, nonstress testing and intrapartum fetal heart rate assessment. There was also an association between MCA PI/UA PI and 1- and 5-minute Apgar score. We conclude that the Doppler cerebroplacental ratios provide useful information about perinatal outcome.     

妊高征患者的胎儿血流速度波形改变特点研究

目的：研究妊高征患者的胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉以及大脑中动脉的血流速度波形的变化特点。方法：妊高征患者９６例，正常妊娠１４８例，于产前１周内行彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉和大脑中动脉的搏动指数（ＰＩ），产后随访新生儿预后。结果：随着妊高征的加剧，胎儿脐动脉和肾动脉的ＰＩ上升，大脑中动脉的ＰＩ则改变不明显。在围产儿预后良好和不良的两组中，随着妊高征的加重，胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉和大脑中动脉的ＰＩ均有上升的趋势，但预后不良组的改变比对照组明显。按正常妊娠和轻度、中度、重度妊高征分成４组，胎儿窘迫者脐动脉和肾动脉的ＰＩ上升，大脑中动脉的ＰＩ下降。结论：妊高征和胎儿窘迫对胎儿脐动脉和肾动脉的血流波形改变有协同作用，对大脑中动脉的改变有阻抗作用     

The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio and neonatal outcome in diamnionic monochorionic and dichorionic twins.

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal outcome in twins was studied in relation to the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). METHODS: Seventy-five infants from twin pregnancies with fetal Doppler data obtained within 3 weeks of delivery were candidates for study (23 infants from diamnionic monochorionic and 52 infants from diamnionic dichorionic twin pregnancies). Multivariate regression analyses were expanded to include 114 twin infants (34 diamnionic monochorionic and 80 diamnionic dichorionic twins). Patients with twin transfusion syndrome were excluded from analysis in the monochorionic group. Targeted ultrasound examination with biometry was performed, and Doppler resistance index (RI) of the umbilical artery (UA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were obtained, and the CPR, a measure of blood flow redistribution, was calculated. Outcome variables included major complications, growth restriction, days of ventilator and oxygen use, days in the neonatal intensive care unit and length of stay. RESULTS: The CPR was correlated more highly with adverse outcomes such as birth weight, special-care nursery days and length of stay than were the UA RI or the MCA RI. The CPR was significantly lower in monochorionic compared with dichorionic twins (1.12 vs. 1.27, p = 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses conducted separately on each twin group also demonstrated that CPR was superior to UA RI and MCA RI in predicting length of stay and restricted growth. Among the Doppler variables, the CPR showed the highest sensitivity for growth restriction (67%). CONCLUSION: In twins, CPR was superior to UA RI and MCA RI in predicting adverse neonatal events.     

Umbilical and middle cerebral artery Doppler indices in patients with preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in Doppler ultrasound studies of fetal circulation in normal pregnancies with those of a group of preeclamptic patients both with and without intrauterine growth retardation and to demonstrate the best index for predicting adverse perinatal outcome or IUGR. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed on 125 normal pregnancies and 62 preeclamptic patients at 31-40 weeks of gestation. The umbilical artery systolic-diastolic ratio (UA S/D), UA pulsatility index (PI), the middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, and the ratio of MCA PI to UA PI were measured. The mean values of the Doppler indices were compared. Different cut-off values (mean +/-2 S.D.) were used for the 31st-35th and the 36th-40th weeks. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between normal pregnancies and preeclamptic patients without IUGR using the mean MCA PI and the MCA PI/UA PI ratio. In the preeclamptic patients with IUGR, all the mean Doppler indices were different from those of the normal pregnancies. In the preeclamptic patients with IUGR the values were different from the preeclamptic patients without IUGR, except for the MCA PI at 31-35 weeks. The UA S/D had the highest sensitivity (88%) and diagnostic accuracy (94%) in predicting the adverse perinatal outcome. The MCA PI/UA PI ratio showed the highest predictive value in determining IUGR by a sensitivity of 84% and a diagnostic accuracy of 87%. CONCLUSION: Both abnormal umbilical Doppler indices and cerebral-umbilical ratio are strong predictors of IUGR and of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia. The MCA PI alone is not a reliable indicator. The combination of umbilical and fetal cerebral Doppler indices may increase the utility of Doppler ultrasound in preeclamptic subjects.     

Impact of maternal fasting on fetal well-being parameters and fetal–neonatal outcome: a case–control study

Objective: To assess the impact of maternal fasting on fetal well-being parameters and neonatal outcome.

Methods: Two-hundred ten healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies at 36–40 weeks’ gestation who had fasted for 12–16 h were defined as the study group with 240 healthy non-fasted pregnant women matched for age, parity and gestational age were defined as the control group. Both groups were subjected to tests of fetal well-being in the form of non-stress test (NST), modified biophysical profile and Doppler indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Women were followed-up till delivery to record the obstetric outcome.

Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the reactivity of NST, modified biophysical scores, Doppler indices of the umbilical and MCA (resistive index, pulsatility index and systolic/diastolic ratio) and the cerebroplacental ratio (p?>?0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, neonatal weight, 5-min Apgar scores and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (p?>?0.05).

Conclusions: Short-term maternal fasting has no deleterious effect on fetal well-being parameters or neonatal outcome. Pregnant women who desire fasting, should be reassured regarding the health of their babies.     

胎儿脑及脐动脉血流检测的临床意义

应用彩色多普勒超声，检测正常妊娠妇女４８例（正常妊娠组），妊高征患者３４例（妊高征组），妊高征合并胎儿生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）５４例（ＩＵＧＲ组）儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流速波，计算血流的收缩末期峰值与舒张末期峰值的比值、脉搏指数、阻力指数。     

Comparison of Outcome of Normal and High-Risk Pregnancies Based Upon Cerebroplacental Ratio Assessed by Doppler Studies

Objectives

To evaluate the cerebroplacental ratio which is the ratio of pulsatility index of fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries, in normal and high-risk pregnancies during 30–36 weeks of gestation.

Methods

In this study, we included 70 patients, who were scanned for Doppler parameters of Middle cerebral artery and Umbilical artery pulsatility index ratio of fetus, between 30 and 36 weeks, and then were followed till delivery. Thirty-five patients with normal pregnancy and 35 patients with high-risk pregnancy were included. Perinatal outcome was evaluated in relation to indices ratio.

Results

There was cerebroplacental ratio of <1.00 in eight cases of the study group in comparison with the control group in which there is no case of <1.00 value. It was associated with poor perinatal outcome in terms of need for lower segment cesarean section for fetal distress, Apgar <8 at 5 min, and admission to nursery.

Conclusion

Cerebroplacental ratio is highly sensitive in diagnosing hemodynamically compromised fetuses and very useful for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in these fetuses.

     

Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid of pregnancies with an anencephalic fetus

As many investigators have shown that surfactant production in the developing human lung is subject to multihormonal regulation, the present authors determined the lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid of pregnancies with an anencephalic fetus, in which there was known to be aberrant production of fetal pituitary, adrenal, and consequently, placental hormones. The L/S ratio in amniotic fluid from seven of eight pregnancies with an anencephalic fetus was substantially lower than that in amniotic fluids of pregnancies with a normal fetus at the same stage of gestation. The L/S ratio in amniotic fluid of an anencephalic fetus of a twin pregnancy (monochorionic diamniotic) at 34 weeks' gestation was low; the L/S ratio of the amniotic fluid of the normal fetus was high. These data are supportive of the view that fetal lung maturation is dependent, in part, upon normal function of the fetal pituitary and adrenal.