食管粘膜活检对食管癌前病变诊断的重复性研究

为评价食管粘膜上皮活检取样对食管癌前病变检出的重复性的影响，对来自河南食管癌高发区２８例患者行食管内镜检查和中、下段粘膜活检组织学病理检查，１０ｄ后对同一人群作重复检查。组织病理学分析显示，第二次粘膜活检组织中，食管中段２４％的患者病变减轻，２８％的患者病变加重，４８％的患者病变维持不变。食管下段粘膜活检中，４８％的患者病变减轻，１６％的患者病变加重，３２％的患者病变维持不变。结果提示，粘膜活检取     

食管粘膜活检取样误差的发生机制及对策

目的：探讨食管粘膜活检取样误差的发生机制及对策。方法：对来自河南食管癌高发区２８例患者行食管内镜检查和中、下段粘膜活检组织病理检查,１０天短期随访后对同一人群作重复检查;并对８８位无症状受检者进行碘染与活检相结合的方法。结果：第二次粘膜活检组织中,食管中段２４％的患者病变减轻,２８％的患者病变加重,４８％的患者病变维持不变。食管下段粘膜活检中,４８％的患者病变减轻,１６％的患者病变加重,３２％的患者病变维持不变;碘染受检者的食管粘膜中染色正常和染色异常的粘膜组织在癌前病变各阶段的构成比无明显差异。组织形态学测量显示：各级癌前组织与正常上皮组织的厚度无明显差异。结论：粘膜活检取样误差可严重影响组织病理学检查随访结果。食管粘膜癌前病变,特别是较轻度病变的厚度与同期正常上皮无明显改变,造成内镜下识别困难,是造成取样误差的重要因素。碘染可明显提高内镜下病变与同期正常组织的识别,但对小范围病变的活检准确度仍需改进。肿瘤抑制基因ｐ５３蛋白聚集的重复性检出率较高,可能是食管癌变过程中的有效指标。     

河南食管癌高发区无症状人群食管和贲门粘膜纤维内镜和组织病理诊断比较

目的；通过比较食管癌高发区无症状人群食管和贲门粘膜纤维内镜活检和组织病理诊断，进一步了解纤维内镜检查在食管和贲门癌前病变筛查中的意义和问题。方法：利用纤维内镜诊断、粘膜活检组织病理分析，对河南食管癌高发区无症状人群1634例的资料进行分析。结果：纤维内镜诊断为正常食管的563例中，活检组织病理诊断正常占58％，其余为基底细胞过度增生和间变；纤维内镜诊断为慢性食管炎的193例患者中，活检组织病理诊断粘膜上皮各种病变占38％，纤维内镜诊断为正常贲门的779例对象中，活检病理诊断正常占65％；纤维内镜诊断为慢性贲门炎的99例患者，粘膜活检病理诊断各种病变占55％。结论：食管和贲门轻度病变在纤维内镜下不能识别而造成的随机取样，是导致纤维内镜和病理诊断结果不一致的重要原因。     

河南食管癌高、低发区人群食管粘膜组织活检结果分析

目的：对食管癌高、代发区无症状居民食管粘膜组织活检结果进行分析。方法：随机在高发区抽取30岁以上无症状居民1684例和低发区30岁以上无症状居民294例，进行食管纤维内镜检查，粘膜活检和组织病理检查。结果：高发区1632例调查对象中，共发现17例早期食管癌患者（SCC，1．1％），91例间变患者（DYS，5．6％），807例基底细胞过度增生患者（BCH，49．4％），Barrett‘s食管12例（0．7％）。低发区270例活检调查对象中，共发现BCH 94例（34．8％），DYS 3例（1．1％），Barrett‘s食管3例（1．1％），未发现早期SCC患者。结论：无症状人群普查是发现早期食管癌患者及各级癌前病变患者最有效的手段。与15a前该地区人群普查结果相比，食管癌和癌前病变检出率无明显差异，提示食管癌仍然是该地区人群最严重、最常见的恶性肿瘤。     

河南省2000年医药卫生科研进展

2000年河南省共获医药卫生科技成果奖59项,摘要介绍如下。一、基础医学研究 1.食管粘膜活检对食管癌前病变重复性诊断的研究:食管粘膜活检组织学检查是发现食管癌前病变和进一步了解食管上皮癌变特征的重要手段之一。由于内镜下粘膜活检组织较小,内镜和粘膜活检组织学检查结果的不一致性提示由于活检取样误差,将直接影响疾病的检出率和对干预阻断防治效果的正确评价。河南医科大学通过高发区一般人群进行短期内镜粘膜的随访检查,利用临床病理学,     

河南食管癌高、低发区无症状人群食管固有膜血管乳头的变化

目的：探讨食管癌高、低发区无症状居民食管上皮固有膜血管乳头（简称乳头）增生特征（乳头密度和高度）及其与病变分布的关系，加深对食管癌变早期形态学变化特征的了解。方法：2480例无症状人群食管粘膜活检组织，采用食管癌高低发区食管纤维内镜检查，粘膜活检，组织病理学检查和形态学测量技术对食管乳头的分布特征及其与病变的关系进行分析。结果：食管癌高低发区居民食管中、下段乳头升高（≥上皮厚度的1／2）发生率之间差异并不明显（P＞0．05），但是，高发区居民食管中段乳头密度（乳头数目／mm)明显高于下段，并高于低发区居民食管中段的乳头密度（P＜0．05）；高发区居民食管上皮乳头升高伴基底细胞过度增生患者明显高于正常人（P＜0．05），而低发区未观察到类似情况。结论：乳头增生表现为乳头数目增多和乳头升高是食管癌高发区人群食管上皮特征性形态学变化，高分区居民上皮乳头升高伴明显基底细胞过度增生，提示乳头增生可能是食管癌变极早期阶段的重要形态学变化，反映了上皮细胞的增生状态。     

河南食管癌高发区居民食管色素镜检查及手术标本碘染色结果分析

目的：评价色素镜（纤维内镜下行粘膜碘染）对提高食管癌高发区无症状人群食管癌各级癌前病变检出率的意义以及碘染对获取手术切除大体标本癌旁各级病变组织的影响。方法：常规食管纤维内镜观察后，在食管表面喷洒体积分数为2％的卢戈液染色，根据染色情况分别取活检组织进行组织病理学检查。采取同样的卢戈溶液对手术切除的食管标本作碘染色，并根据染色结果，分别取材作进一步的组织病理学分析。结果：纤维内镜下碘染后，可观察到清晰的片状不染区，以及花斑状，点状和条状不染区。手术切除标本碘染后也出现相似的变化。对染色区和不染区分别取材，发现手术切除标本碘染区的各级癌前病变检出率明显高于不染区（P＜0．05），特别是间变和原位癌病灶。235例无症状人群色素镜检查组（碘染组）基底细胞过度增生和间变的检出率分别为64％（114／179）和74％（14／19），均明显高于非碘染组36％（65／179）和26％（5／19）（P＜0．05）。但无症状人群碘染组染色区取材仍发现4％的间变检出率。结论：色素镜（碘染色）能明显提高无症状人群食管癌前病变的检出率。手术切除标本行碘染色是获取各级癌前病变的有效手段。利用色素镜检查将有助于减少食管粘膜活检取样误差。     

河南食管癌高发区居民食管和贲门上皮癌变过程中G-erbB2和c-myc表达的变化

目的：探讨河南食管癌高发区居民食管和贲门上皮癌变过程中C-erbB2和c-myc的表达变化特征及其与病变的关系。方法：采用纤维内镜活检、组织病理学和免疫组织化学方法，对84例无症状人群食管和贲门粘膜活检组织以及30例食管鳞癌患者和30例贲门腺癌患者的癌组织进行C-erbB2和c-myc的表达变化以及病理学的研究。结果：58例食管粘膜活检组织中，共检出16例正常食管上皮，34例基底细胞过度增生（BCH）和8例间变（DYS）；26例贲门活检组织中，共检出7例正常，6例慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG），10例慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）和3例DYS。食管正常组织，BCH和DYS组织均未发现C-erbB2阳性反应，但鳞状细胞癌（SCC）组织C-erbB2阳性率为50％；食管上皮各级病变组织均出现不同程度的c-myc免疫阳性率均出现明显的升高，其中间变组织阳性率最高，而卉门癌组织中其阳性率略低于间变组织。结论：c-myc过度表达是食管和贲门癌变过程中频发的分子事件，并与病变进展密切相关。C-erbB2过度表达与贲门上皮癌变密切相关，并可能是食管癌变晚期的重要分子事件。     

食管癌高发区楼村居民食管病变普查结果分析

利用食管内镜检查、食管粘膜活检和组织病理学检查，对食管癌高发区楼村４０２名３０岁以上居民进行普查。所有受检居民均无食管疾病的临床症状。结果：４０２名无症状居民中，共发现早期食管癌患者４例，慢性食管炎６７例，Ｂａｒｅｔ食管３例，基底细胞增生５８例和间变１８例。提示：对食管癌高发区人群进行普查是发现早期癌的重要方法。食管癌高发区人群Ｂａｒｅｔ食管并非罕见，应该重视这一疾病的研究。     

食管癌高发区楼村居民食管病变普查结果分析

利用食管内镜检查、食管粘膜活检和组织病理学检查，对食管癌高发区楼村４０２名３０岁以上居民进行普查。所有受检居民均无食管疾病的临床症状。结果：４０２名无症状居民中，共发现早期食管癌患者４例，慢性食管炎６７例，Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ食管３例，基底细胞增生５８例和间变１８例。提示：对食管癌高发区人群进行普查是发现早期癌的重要方法。食管癌高发区人群Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ食管并非罕见，应该重视这一疾病的研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.