鼻腔鼻窦肌上皮癌临床分析

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦肌上皮癌的临床病理特点、治疗方法 及疗效.方法 回顾性分析四川省人民医院和浙江大学医学院附属第一医院1990年1月～2008年12月经病理确诊的鼻腔鼻窦肌上皮癌7例患者的临床资料.结果 7例患者均行手术治疗,随访6个月～7年,6例术后复发.3例术后出现颈淋巴结转移,其中2例行颈淋巴结清扫术,1例无手术...     

寻找颈部转移癌不明原发灶的方法

颈部转移癌存在着一部分无法通过常规方法发现原发病灶的转移癌,即原发灶不明的转移癌,寻找出颈部转移癌的原发灶对于疾病的治疗有重要价值。随着医疗技术的不断提高,寻找颈部原发灶不明的转移癌方法也越来越多,寻找出颈部转移癌的原发灶对于疾病的治疗有重要价值,本文试对寻找颈部转移癌不明原发灶的传统及新方法做一综述。     

Association Between Interleukin-6 and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in several regulatory mechanisms of cancer. Moreover, experimental and clinical studies have reported that IL-6 targeted therapies might provide significant benefits for cancer treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate IL-6 activity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A systematic review of the association between serum, saliva and tumor IL-6 and HNSCC was developed on PubMed/Medline in the publication range from January 1995 to January 2019. Our literature analysis demonstrated that overexpression and elevated serum and/or saliva IL-6 concentrations in patients with HNSCC are related to poor survival and oncological outcomes. Although there is a correlation between IL-6 concentrations and tumorigenicity, it is noteworthy that IL-6 targeted therapies are generally performed in vitro and in experimental studies. Therefore, prospective, randomized clinical trials are required that focus on IL-6 targeted therapies for the treatment of HNSCC.     

Results of Free Flap Reconstruction After Ablative Surgery in the Head and Neck

Objectives

Due to the complex anatomy and function of the head and neck region, the reconstruction of ablative defects in this area is challenging. In addition, an increasing interest in improving the quality of life of patients and achieving good functional results has highlighted the importance of free flaps. The aim of this study was to summarize the results of free flap reconstruction and salvage of free flaps in a single institute, and to analyze differences in the results by the flap donor site, recipient site, and learning curve.

Methods

The medical records of patients who underwent free flap reconstruction from 2004-2012 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and fifty free flaps were used in 134 patients, who had an average age of 57.7 years. The types of flaps applied, primary defect sites, success rates, results of salvage operations for compromised flap, and the learning curve were analyzed.

Results

The anterolateral thigh flap was preferred for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. The overall success rate was 90.7%, with 14 cases of failure. A total of 19 salvage operations (12.7%) for compromised flap were performed, and 12 flaps (63.2%) were salvaged successfully. Dependency on the facial vessels as recipient vessels was statistically different when oral and oropharyngeal defects were compared to hypopharyngeal and laryngeal defects. The learning curve for microvascular surgery showed decrease in the failure rate after 50 cases.

Conclusion

The free flap technique is safe but involves a significant learning period and requires careful postoperative monitoring of the patient. Early intervention is important for the salvage of free flaps and for lowering the failure rate.     

Scapular Tip Free Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction

Objectives

Head and neck reconstruction is still challenging in terms of esthetic and functional outcomes. This study investigated the feasibility of the angular branch-based scapular tip free flap (STFF).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 17 patients undergoing maxillectomy and mandibulectomy and either primary or secondary reconstruction by STFF. This study included surgical, esthetic, and functional outcomes, and detailed data are presented regarding the flap, such as pedicle length, size of the harvested bone, and failure rate. Medical photographs were used to estimate the esthetic outcome, and computed tomography was used to check the flap status postoperatively.

Results

The data were collected from April 2013 to April 2014. Eight patients underwent maxillary reconstruction, and nine underwent mandibular reconstruction. Maxillary defects usually included unilateral alveolar structures and the palate; mandibular defects were usually those involving mandibular angle and short segment. Vein grafting was not required in any of the patients. Flap failure occurred in one of the 17 patients (5.9%) with successful reconstruction after revision. Of the eight maxillectomy patients, orbital revisions for diplopia after maxillary reconstruction were performed in two patients (25%), and oroantral fistula repair was performed in one patient (12.5%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the reconstructive advantages of the angular branch-based STFF, long pedicle, low flap failure, 3-dimensional nature of bone and soft tissues (chimeric flap), and small rate of donor site morbidity with free ambulation. This flap is an excellent option for use in complex three-dimensional head and neck reconstruction.     

颅内外沟通性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颅内外沟通性肿瘤的外科治疗。方法 统计分析我院自2001年1月至2005年5月治疗的32例颅内外沟通性肿瘤,其中恶性肿瘤22例,良性肿瘤10例,20例进行颅面联合进路肿瘤切除;10例在鼻内镜辅助下开颅手术切除;2例行颅外进路肿瘤切除,对颅底缺损的修复用帽状腱膜-颅骨骨膜瓣、颞肌-肌筋瓣、颅骨骨瓣、前臂皮瓣等。结果 22例恶性肿瘤中随访2年以上6例,1～2年8例,1年以下7例,1例死亡,1例脑转移带瘤生存,其余均健在。10例良性肿瘤无复发。结论 对颅内外沟通性肿瘤,应根据肿瘤的位置、大小及颅内累及的情况,选择合适的手术人路,在保证肿瘤切除彻底的前提下,尽可能的减小损伤,对部分颅内外沟通性肿瘤,鼻内镜辅助下手术,可减小创伤,同时面部无疤痕。     

Extracranial Head and Neck Schwannomas: A Review of 8 Years Experience

Schwannomas of the head and neck are uncommon tumors that arise from cranial, peripheral or autonomic nerves. In this study we review a series of 52 cases of schwannoma originating in the head and neck region over an 8-year period. All the tumors were benign, with the exception of one malignant schwannoma. The age range of the patients studied was 13-76 years and there was a predilection for males. Twenty-five schwannomas occurred in the scalp, face and external ear canal, 9 in the oral or nasal cavity and 18 in the neck. Seven cases of neck schwannoma originating from the major nerve system were found in the parapharyngeal space, all of which were located in the post-styloid compartment. Cervical plexus schwannomas originated either in the peripheral nerves or in an unidentified area of the nervous system; seven tumors were found in the posterior triangle of the neck and two in the anterior triangle. Two of the tumors originating in the brachial plexus were located in the posterior neck and one in the anterior neck. Tumors originating in the vagus nerve or sympathetic chain were all located in the anterior triangle of the neck.     

Survival Benefits From Surgery for Stage IVa Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 1,033 Cases

ObjectivesHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCs) are frequently diagnosed at the locoregional advanced stage (stage IVa), but controversy remains regarding whether stage IVa HSNCs should be treated with upfront surgery or definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT). The purpose of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage IVa HNSC treated primarily by surgery with curative intent with/without (neo)adjuvant treatment (surgery group) versus those treated primarily with CRT (CRT group).MethodsWe reviewed data of 1,033 patients with stage IVa HNSC treated with curative intent at 17 cancer centers between 2010 and 2016.ResultsAmong 1,033 patients, 765 (74.1%) received upfront surgery and 268 (25.9%) received CRT. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were 64.4% and 62.0% in the surgery group and 49.5% and 45.4% in the CRT group, respectively. In multivariate analyses, OS and DFS were better in the surgery group than in the CRT group (odds ratio [OR] for death, 0.762; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.592–0.981; OR for recurrence, 0.628; 95% CI, 0.492–0.802). In subgroup analyses, the OS and DFS of patients with oropharyngeal cancer were better in the surgery group (OR for death, 0.548; 95% CI, 0.341–0.879; OR for recurrence, 0.598; 95% CI, 0.377–0.948). In the surgery group, patients with laryngeal cancer showed better OS (OR for death, 0.432; 95% CI, 0.211–0.882), while those with hypopharyngeal cancer DFS was improved (OR for recurrence, 0.506; 95% CI, 0.328–0.780).ConclusionA survival benefit from surgery may be achieved even in patients with stage IVa HNSC, particularly those with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Surgery led to a reduction in the recurrence rate in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.     

头颈外科进展

回顾了中国头颈外科近年来的发展,对这一 发展中学科的前景提出期望。     

头颈部炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤

目的 炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT）是一种可发生于头颈部的罕见肿瘤,本文就其临床表现、病理组织学特征、治疗及预后进行探讨.方法 回顾性分析4例头颈部IMT患者的临床资料,并进行光镜检查及免疫组化染色.结果 IMT肿瘤组织学由具有平滑肌细胞和纤维母细胞特征的梭形肿瘤细胞、大量慢性炎性细胞及黏液血管样背景构成.免疫组化：平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白（smooth muscle actiVe,SMACTIN）、波形蛋白（Vimentin）呈强阳性表达.术后随访9～21月,2例声带IMT无复发,1例上颌窦IMT无复发,另1例上颌窦鼻腔IMT术后4个月再次复发.结论 IMT是兼有纤维母细胞及平滑肌细胞特征的肿瘤,具有局部复发倾向.治疗以根治性手术切除为主,术后放疗、化疗效果不确定.鼻窦I MT极易复发,具有局部浸润行为,手术切除须彻底.     

Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Oral Cavity: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Liposarcomas very rarely affect the oral cavity; in such cases the cheek is typically involved. Differential diagnosis between lipoma and other sarcomas is sometimes challenging because the macroscopic and histological features may be difficult to distinguish. Neoplasms with the morphology of lipoma should always receive a careful postoperative histopathologic evaluation. Complete surgical excision is the most effective treatment. We present a case of myxoid liposarcoma of the cheek, together with a literature review of intraoral liposarcomas reported during the last 60 years.     

《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》伴随头颈外科发展

《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》创刊十年了。本文概述了伴随头颈外科发展的《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》杂志的成长历程,显示其不断发展和与时俱进的风貌。     

Comparative Evaluation of Chemoimmunoradiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy in the Management of Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

50 patients of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomised cither to receive chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or chemoimmunotherapy followed by radiotherapy. In the chemoimmunotherapy arm, the patients received recombinant interferon alpha 2b 3 M.U. subcutaneously, thrice a week on alterante days for 5 weeks from Day 1, Cisplatinum 70 mg/ m² on Day 1 and 21, and 5 — flurouracil 1000mg/m² on Day 1, 2, 3 and Day 21, 22, 23, followed by from Dav 36, radiotherapy'by Co bait 60 to a tumour dose of 65 Gy in 30 # over 6 weeks. In the control arm, patiens received Cisplatitnum 70 mg/ m² on Day 1 and Day 21, 5 flurouracil 1000 mg/ m² on Dav 1, 2, 3 and Day 21, 22, 23 followed by radiotherapy by Cobalt 60 to a tumour dose of 65 Gy in 30 # over 6 weeks from Day 36. Only Grade II and III toxicity was observed in the two arms which were manageable Patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy followed by radiotherapy showed 60% complete response, 20% partial response and 12% no change/ progressive disease; while the patients on the control arm treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed 12% complete response 44% Partial response and 32% no change“ progressive disease. This trial concludes that chemoimmunotherapy followed by radiotherapy is an excellent alternative therapeutic strategy for the management of advanced head and neck cancers with manageable toxicity.     

Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve of Free Flap Reconstruction in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

ObjectivesOwing to the functional and structural complexity of the head and neck area, the reconstruction of defects in these areas is challenging. Free flap surgery has become standard for the reconstruction of the head and neck with improvements in microvascular surgery. The aim of this study was to use the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method to evaluate the learning curve for free-flap head and neck reconstruction performed by a single surgeon.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 47 patients who underwent free-flap reconstruction from 2017 to 2021. The clinical demographics and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The total operation time was analyzed using the CUSUM method, which is an analytical approach for visualizing patterns in data by converting raw data into an accumulation of deviations from the average value.ResultsCUSUM analysis showed two phases of the learning curve: phase 1 (cases 1–22) and phase 2 (cases 23–47). The operative time in phase 1 (579.9±128.2 minutes) was significantly longer than that in phase 2 (418.6±80.9 minutes) (P<0.001). The re-exploration rate was higher in phase 1 (31.8%) than in phase 1 (4%) (P=0.018). The flap failure rate was higher in phase 1 (9.1%) than in phase 1 (4%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.593).ConclusionThe learning curve of free-flap head and neck reconstruction seems to stabilize after approximately 20 cases.     

头颈部鳞癌颈淋巴结隐匿性转移

目的 探讨头颈部鳞癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的特点和规律。方法 对111例头颈部鳞癌N_0M_0患者的颈淋巴结清扫标本进行切片观察。结果 隐匿性转移总体发生率为26.12％(29/111)。其中口腔癌18.75％(15/80),口咽癌25.00％(1/4),下咽癌54.54％(6/11),喉癌43.75％(7/16)。原发癌临床分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度是影响颈淋巴结隐匿性转移的重要因素。111例N_0M_0患者5年生存率为66.7％,其中pN~-为74.39％(61/82),pN~ 为44.82％(13/29)。结论 对临床T_3和T_4期、癌组织分化程度低和深度浸润的cN_0头颈部鳞癌应行选择性颈清扫术以治疗颈淋巴结隐匿性转移并提高患者的生存率。     

Claudin-1和Claudin-7与头颈部恶性肿瘤的关系

紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1和Claudin-7是Claudins蛋白家族中的重要成员,越来越多研究显示他们在很多恶性肿瘤中出现表达改变。Claudin-1和Claudin-7表达异常已被证实与头颈部恶性肿瘤的发生、发展,侵袭、转移有密切关系。本文就其在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的研究进展做一综述。     

正电子发射计算机断层和CT融合显像诊断颈淋巴结转移癌

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18-Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose,FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(Positron Emission Tomography,PET)-CT融合显像在颈淋巴结转移癌中的诊断价值。方法17例颈部肿块病人,CT或MRI发现可疑病变28处,其中鼻咽癌放射治疗后6例,肺癌治疗后3例,甲状腺癌手术后3例,下咽癌放疗后1例,不明原发灶4例,行全身或颈部PET-CT检查,其结果与临床病理报告对照。结果17例患者,共28处PET-CT显像阳性20例,阴性8例;对照病理结果,假阳性1例,假阴性1例,18F-FDGPET-CT诊断颈淋巴结转移癌的灵敏度、特异性、准确度分别为95.0%,87.5%,92.9%。结论18F-FDGPET-CT结合PET提供肿瘤代谢图像,CT提供解剖图像,在颈淋巴结转移癌的诊断及监测复发方面具有较大的临床价值。