Common risk factors for changes in body weight and psychological well-being in Japanese male middle-aged workers

Objectives  

Overweight and poor psychological well-being are becoming serious health issues in the Japanese workplace. Concurrence of those physical and mental conditions has been pointed out, especially in middle-aged workers. Therefore, we tried to determine common risk factors for body weight gain and the deterioration of psychological well-being in male middle-aged office workers using a five-year follow-up study.     

Beyond the workplace: an exploratory study of the impact of neurotoxic workplace exposure on marital relations

BACKGROUND: The impact on family life and social relations that may result from symptoms associated with exposure to neurotoxic substances has never been addressed. This exploratory study assessed the associations between exposure to neurotoxic agents in the workplace, mental health, and marital difficulties. METHODS: Fifty-five (55) male workers and their spouses completed standardized measures of mental health and marital difficulties. Workers' exposure to neurotoxic substances was evaluated by questionnaire and interview, using a semiquantitative classification system. RESULTS: A positive relation was observed between exposure level and measures of workers' psychological symptoms and marital stress; no relation was observed between workers' exposure level and wives' psychological symptoms. More severe exposure to neurotoxic substances was associated with wives' reports of more severe marital conflicts, and this association was mediated by husbands' psychological symptoms. As compared to low exposure husbands, high exposure husbands reported higher degrees of stress surrounding marital discussions, more consistent incidence of minor physical assaults by wives, and stronger associations between their levels of stress, the verbal aggressions of wives, and the number of marital conflicts. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that neurotoxic exposure is a risk factor for mental health and suggest how this may influence marital relations. Because of the importance of these findings for the well-being of workers and their families, these associations should be further studied.     

某市基层医院放射工作人员辐射防护认知与心理健康状况调查

目的 探讨某市二级及以下医院放射工作人员对辐射防护知识的认知和心理健康状况。方法 设计辐射防护知识调查问卷,并进行心理健康测试。调查问卷内容包括个人一般资料、辐射防护知识两方面内容共26题,其中辐射防护知识20题;心理健康测试选用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,共90题。结果 辐射防护知识题调查平均得分为（13.62 ±2.21）分,正确率 < 60%有102人（16.04%）;60%～79%有430人（67.61%）;≥ 80%有104人（16.35%）。SCL90测试提示,有38.99%（248/636）的放射工作人员心理健康状况不佳,各主因子得分情况都高于全国常模,其中,放射工作人员躯体化、强迫症状和人际关系敏感和焦虑明显高于全国常模,具有统计学差异（P < 0.05）。结论 某市基层医院的放射工作人员对辐射防护的整体认知水平非常低,还有一部分医务人员对辐射防护知识的认知和理解淡薄,需要加强培训和监管;部分放射工作人员心理健康状况不佳,需要采取积极的心理干预措施。     

The impact of the physical environment on the psychological well-being of office workers

This paper examines the relationship between the physical office environment and the psychological well-being of office workers. The results indicate that adverse environmental conditions, especially poor air quality, noise, ergonomic conditions, and lack of privacy, may effect worker satisfaction and mental health. The data also provide substantial evidence that worker assessments of the physical environment are distinct from their assessments of general working conditions, such as work load, decision-making latitude and relationships with other people at work. Stated another way, people who reported problems with the physical environment could not simply be characterized as dissatisfied workers exhibiting a tendency to 'complain' about every aspect of their working conditions. Taken together, these findings lend support to the position that the stress people experience at work may be due to a combination of factors, including the physical conditions under which they labor. Both theoretical and practical considerations arise from these data, including the need for work site based health promotion and stress reduction programs to consider both the physical and psychological design of jobs.     

Mental health status of municipal solid waste incinerator workers compared with local government office workers

Recently in Japan dioxin problem of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) became social issue. The news spread all around Japan and induced fear that workers at incinerators would suffer from cancer or other serious illness induced by the exposure to dioxins. Authors were interested in the effect of this stressful event occurred to the workers and intended to evaluate mental health status of MSWI workers compared with office workers. Subjects were male workers from two MSWI plants and a local government office; 20 government office workers who were engaging in health administration and 55 MSWI workers. Subjects were interviewed about their age, educational carrier, and working schedule. POMS and GHQ30 were used to evaluate mood status of subjects. There were differences in mood state between the two occupational groups. POMS showed that Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, and Fatigue levels were high in the health administration worker group. GHQ30 showed that General Illness, Social Dysfunction, and Anxiety and Dysphoria state were deviated to abnormal in the health administration worker group. General mental health status evaluated by GHQ30 score was also deviated to abnormal in the office worker group. Our results showed that mental health status of health administration workers was less healthy compared with MSWI workers. This meant that the stress of MSWI workers enhanced by the fear that they might have been exposed to dioxin did not exceed the stress the health administration workers usually had suffered from.     

Experiences of social work intervention among mothers with perinatal mental health needs

Perinatal mental health difficulties are prevalent among women, and the vulnerability of young infants makes this a time when families experiencing multiple adversities may be particularly likely to attract state intervention. However, very little is known about how mothers experience social work intervention during the perinatal period. This study explored experiences of social work intervention among women with perinatal mental health difficulties. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 18 women with 6‐ to 9‐month‐old babies, who had been treated in England for a perinatal mental health difficulty and also had social services intervention. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggested that mothers had a predominantly negative view of children's social services, especially when social workers had significant child protection concerns. The fear of being judged an unfit mother and having their babies taken away overshadowed their encounters. Mothers felt that social workers would not accept they could be good mothers in spite of their difficulties and set them up to fail. Some felt that social workers focused exclusively on the risks to the baby and did not acknowledge the mother's own needs or understand perinatal mental health. In some cases, social work intervention was described as intensifying pressure on mothers’ mental health, leading to escalating difficulties and increased likelihood of care proceedings. At the same time, our study also included examples of mothers forming positive relationships with social workers, and of ‘turning points’ where initially negative interactions stabilised and child protection concerns lessened. Women's accounts highlighted the importance of feeling ‘known’ by social workers who understood and respected them. The findings also suggested there may be value in improving collaboration between social workers and mental health professionals to create more space for representation of women's needs as well as those of their babies.     

煤工尘肺患者心理健康状况调查及分析

目的评估煤工尘肺患者的心理健康状况,从而进行必要的心理干预并做好心理健康教育,提高患者生活质量。方法采用症状自测量表（SCL-90）测评煤工尘肺患者的心理健康状况,运用SPSS14．0统计分析软件,将本组因子得分与对照组及全国常模进行比较分析。结果煤工尘肺患者各因子得分均高于国内常模组;除因子6（敌对症状）外,煤工尘肺患者各因子得分均高于对照组。结论煤工尘肺患者在心理健康方面存在严重问题,应加强心理健康教育和心理治疗。     

邮政快递人员抑郁障碍相关知识及态度的调查

目的了解邮政快递人员有关抑郁障碍相关知识知晓率以及态度现况，为开展相关人群抑郁障碍的健康教育和健康促进提供依据。方法用整群抽样的方法抽取广西邮政快递部门241名员工，采用自行编制和组合的抑郁障碍相关知识及态度问卷进行调查。结果回收有效问卷192份。其中57．8％的调查对象能准确识别抑郁障碍病例。回归分析显示，男性、年龄较小、受过高等教育、平时方便接受心理健康知识、以前听说过一些心理问题、听说过抑郁障碍等因素是正确识别病例的保护因素（P〈0．05）。91．1％的调查对象能正确识别日常生活压力是抑郁障碍发生的危险因素。87．5％的调查对象能正确认识接受心理咨询对治疗抑郁障碍有作用；受过高等教育、听说过抑郁障碍等因素是调查对象正确认识心理咨询的保护因素（P〈0．05）。此外，能正确识别抑郁障碍病例者较少歧视抑郁障碍患者，家中无精神疾病患者的调查对象存在较少的病耻感（P〈0．01）。结论邮政快递人员抑郁障碍的正确识别率可进一步提高，方便获得抑郁障碍相关知识将有助于他们正确认识抑郁障碍的歧视性、病耻感及干预。     

珠海市某社区农民工健康状况调查分析

目的了解农民工的身心健康状况,为开展农民工心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,应用自编的《广东省农民工健康状况调查表》、症状自评量表(SCL-90)以及情感衡量表对农民工的身心健康状况进行调查。结果农民工自我评价健康状况较差,只有51.3%的人认为自己的健康状况好或很好;农民工中身心疾病的平均患病率为16.8%。农民工的心理健康状况较好,SCL-90各因子均分除恐怖及精神病性因子外,都较常模低。情感类由低到高,SCL-90因子分均值呈递减的变化。26.2%的农民工有轻度痛苦水平的心理问题,处于亚健康状态,主要表现为:强迫症(14.3%)、人际敏感(12.5%)、偏执(12.3%)和睡眠障碍(9.5%)。4.7%农民工中有心理问题。结论本次调查显示,农民工的身心健康状况较好,但是仍然存在一些危害健康的行为及不同程度的心理问题,必须加强健康教育,对不同心理健康状态的人群进行相应心理干预。     

护理院老年人心理健康问题分析与对策探讨

目的：分析护理院老年人心理健康问题并进行针对性护理干预措施以减轻患者焦虑、孤独等不良情绪,提高生活质量。方法：选取本院老年人100例,对其进行心理调查及调查问卷分析其产生各类心理健康问题的原因,并对所有老年人进行常规护理干预及针对性护理干预。比较在护理干预前后生活质量评分以及主观幸福感指数等指标。结果：护理干预后患者生活质量评分显著优于入住时（P〈0.05）;患者主观幸福感评分显著优于入住时（P〈0.05）;入院时患者SAS得分为（45.1±10.8）分,干预后为（32.3±9.5）分,差异统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：护理院老年人心理健康问题较突出,其日常生活能力、幸福指数较低,同时存在躯体化、精神化焦虑状态,抑郁情况明显。对其进行心理健康问卷调查并根据所得结果采取针对性护理干预措施,有利于帮助老年人做好心理调适,及时解除老年人心理困惑,减轻心理压力并调整心理状态以达到改善其焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪的目的。     

山东省农村学龄前留守儿童心理健康状况及干预效果研究

目的了解山东省农村学龄前留守儿童的心理健康状况,评价干预效果,为促进学龄前留守儿童心理健康提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省2个县/区的10个乡镇幼儿园共计735例儿童作为调查对象,使用长处和困难问卷(Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire,SDQ)(家长版)进行心理测量,将受试对象分为干预组和对照组,综合干预1年后,再次对受试对象进行心理状况测量。结果留守儿童在品行问题、多动问题、困难总分上的评分高于非留守儿童;综合干预1年后,留守儿童SDQ各项因子异常检出率均有下降(P0.05),监护类型为母亲和祖父母的留守儿童SDQ各项因子得分也均有下降,监护类型为外祖父母的留守儿童干预前后SDQ各项因子评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论留守儿童心理健康状况较差,适当干预可有效改善学龄前留守儿童心理健康状况;母亲和祖父母监护的留守儿童干预效果比外祖父母监护的效果好。     

Practitioners' Risk Exposure to Client Violence: A Test of Gender-Sensitive Case Assignment Among Supervisors

Gender has emerged as a risk factor for male social workers exposed to client-related assaults in the workplace. This explanatory study examines the main hypothesis that male social workers are more likely to be assigned adult mental health clients with histories of violence than are female colleagues. This experimental case vignette study solicited a national random sample of National Association of Social Workers (NASW) members (N = 181) who identified mental health as their primary service setting and supervision as their primary practice function. This investigation used gender role theory as a conceptual framework. A mixed-model repeated measure analysis of variance was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that management practices can contribute to disparate assignment of male exposure of gender disparities of client-related violence among social workers. Implications for practice, management, and policy are discussed.     

县级公立医院急诊护士遭受医院暴力的现状与分析

目的了解急诊科医护人员遭受心理暴力后的心理健康状况,为进行心理干预提供依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某县级市3所综合性医院1年内遭受过心理暴力的111名急诊科医护人员进行问卷调查,并对结果进行分析。结果遭受工作场所心理暴力者占急诊科全体医护人员的45.5%。遭受工作场所心理暴力后急诊科医护人员的SAS、SDS评分均高于中国常模, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);SCL-90各因子中,躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子评分、阳性项目数均高于中国常模,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。结论工作场所心理暴力对急诊科医护人员的心理健康产生严重危害,医院管理者应重视急诊科医护人员的心理问题,加强心理疏导和咨询,并采取措施预防和控制工作场所暴力的发生。     

北京市某功能社区科技工作者心理健康状况调查

目的 了解北京市功能社区内科技工作者心理健康现状,为针对性的在功能社区中开展科技工作者心理健康干预提供参考.方法 采用简单随机抽样,抽取某功能社区年龄在18～59岁之间的在岗科技工作者385名,运用症状自评量表（SCL-90）及自编基本情况调查表进行调查分析.结果 该功能社区中科技工作者心理障碍阳性检出率为24.54％,科技工作者的总体心理健康水平均高于全国常模.其中,女性、18～28岁组、硕士学历的科技工作者更容易出现心理健康问题.结论 在功能社区中设立心理咨询中心,各科技工作机构应重点关注女性、刚步入工作岗位的科技工作者,以及硕士学历的科技工作者的心理健康状况.     

2010年广州市农民工人格特征与心理健康关系研究

[目的]了解农民工的人格特征与心理健康状况及其相互关系,为有针对性地对农民工进行心理疏导和健康教育提供科学依据。[方法]2010年,在广州市番禺区抽取5家企业和4所高等学校食堂的农民工518名,应用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)进行测试。[结果]调查农民工518名,SCL-90总分、躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性、偏执因子分均高于全国常模(P<0.01),人际关系因子分低于全国常模(P<0.01);EPQ量表的P分、E分均高于全国常模(P<0.01),N分低于全国常模(P<0.05)。EPQ量表的N分和P分与SCL-90总分、各因子分呈正相关,L分与SCL-90总分、各因子分呈负相关,E分与SCL-90总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子分呈负相关。有明显心理健康问题者的P分和N分均高于无明显心理健康问题者,L分前者较后者低。[结论]农民工的心理健康水平较低,心理健康水平与人格密切相关。     

石油工人职业紧张与心理健康的关系

目的　研究不同职业紧张水平石油工人的心理健康状态。方法　抽取 12 2个不同工种石油作业工人 12 30人 ,填写职业紧张调查问卷 (OSQ)和症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )。结果　石油工人心理健康状态随职业紧张水平的增加而下降。高、中紧张强度组躯体化症状 (分别为 1.87± 0 .80、1.72± 0 .70 )、忧郁 (分别为 1.74± 0 .76、1.6 2± 0 .6 7)、恐怖 (分别为 1.48± 0 .6 5、1.39± 0 .5 5 )、偏执(分别为 1.6 0± 0 .6 2、1.5 5± 0 .5 7)、强迫症状 (分别为 1.88± 0 .81、1.79± 0 .6 8)等的得分均明显高于低紧张强度组 (分别为 1.5 5± 0 .6 1、1.43± 0 .5 4、1.2 8± 0 .46、1.35± 0 .47、1.5 9± 0 .5 9) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。高、中紧张强度组情绪状态的得分亦明显高于低紧张强度组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。低工龄组工人的心理健康、情绪状态的变化明显低于高工龄组的工人 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　职业紧张可影响工人的心理健康状态。     

脊髓损伤患者给予心理护理干预的效果分析

目的:探讨给予脊髓损伤患者进行心理干预的临床效果。方法:选取本院2009年10月-2011年10月期间收治的79例脊髓损伤的患者,随机分成观察组40例,对照组39例;对照组给予常规护理方法,观察组在常规护理的基础上进行心理护理干预,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果:两组在护理后,观察组患者生活自理能力平均分数为(59.25±5.23)分,对照组患者生活自理能力平均分数为(41.58±3.98)分,观察组的生活自理能力显著高于对照组,(t=10.2585,P<0.05),有统计学意义;两组在护理后,观察组患者的状态优9例,状态良29例,状态差2例,精神状态优良率为95%;对照组患者的状态优2例,状态良22例,状态差15例,精神状态优良率为61.54%。观察组的精神状态优良率显著高于对照组,(x2=9.52,P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论:给予脊髓损伤的患者进行心理护理干预可有效的提升患者治疗的信心,帮助患者病情的康复,显著提高患者的自理能力和精神状态,值得临床推广使用。     

腹型过敏性紫癜患儿心理健康状况的定性研究

目的探索腹型过敏性紫癜住院患儿心理健康状况、医疗服务内容及形式、过敏性紫癜患儿对心理健康服务的需求及利用等。方法以安徽省中医附院为研究现场,2009年8月～2010年9月在儿科住院的腹型过敏性紫癜患儿为研究对象,采用定性访谈的方式对患儿陪护者进行深入访谈,了解患儿心理健康状况、医疗服务内容及形式及对心理健康服务的需求及利用等。结果多数腹型过敏性紫癜患儿在发病初期,未意识到疾病的健康危害,情绪比较稳定;随着病情的进展,大部分患儿出现情绪波动,出现明显的敌对情绪,甚至出现自我形象紊乱、自卑、人际交往问题;患儿社会支持水平不足,不良情绪应对技能差;医疗服务以疾病治疗为中心,无心理健康干预措施。结论腹型过敏性紫癜病情的发展,对患儿的生理、心理健康及社会生活各方面均产生负性影响,疾病治疗应将心理干预与临床治疗相结合。     

Exploring causes and consequences of sex workers' psychological health: Implications for health care policy. A study conducted in Spain

ABSTRACT

The aim of the researchers is to explore the causes and consequences of the psychological health of sex workers as well as provide an intervention model for the prevention of mental disorders in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) levels. The study sample consisted of 146 sex workers from Spain. Loneliness and maltreatment have a negative influence on psychological health, while self-esteem has a protector role over psychological health. Psychological health has a positive impact on perceived quality of life and other health domains. On the contrary, psychological health has a negative impact on drug use and symptoms of anxiety. Data are discussed.     

综合心理干预对贫困医学生心理健康状况的影响

目的研究综合心理干预对贫困医学生心理健康状况的影响,以便为在校贫困大学生心理干预研究提供依据。方法将某医学院贫困新生326人随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组进行为期18周的系统心理干预,并于干预前后采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自尊量表(SES)、个人评价问卷(PEI)、应付方式问卷(WCQ)进行测评。结果心理干预后,2组除躯体化因子外,其他各因子差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),干预组的心理健康状况优于对照组。实验组学生的自信和自尊水平都有较明显的提高,解决问题、求助、幻想、合理化等应付方式得到改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论采用综合心理干预措施能显著提高贫困医学生的心理健康水平。