Outcome analysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients aged 80 years and older with complicated gallstone disease

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in octogenarians with complicated gallstone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 51 patients aged 80 years or older who underwent an LC for complicated gallstone disease between 2001 and 2006. This group was compared with 41 octogenarian patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease. RESULTS: There were 51 patients (26 men) with a median (range) age of 87 years (range, 80-93) who underwent an LC for complicated biliary disease, including acute cholecystitis in 29 (57%), gallstone pancreatitis in 14 (27%), cholangitis in 4 (7.8%), and obstructive jaundice in 4 (7.8%). Significantly more patients in the complicated disease group underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (33.3% vs. 12.1%; P = 0.026) The median operative time was 110 minutes (range, 55-165) and this was significantly longer, compared to the uncomplicated disease group (P = 0.031). Postoperative morbidity was 27.3%, a significantly higher rate, compared to the uncomplicated group (27.4% vs. 7.3%; P = 0.015) with zero mortality. The conversion rate was 7.8% and this was not significantly different from the uncomplicated disease group. The median length of hospital stay was 6 days, which was significantly longer than the uncomplicated disease group (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The LC can be performed with acceptable morbidity in octogenarians with complicated gallstone disease. Early treatment of gallstone disease in this age group could further improve outcomes.     

Needlescopic versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta‐analysis

Background: To systematically analyse clinical trials on needlescopic (NC) versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) that evaluated the effectiveness of both procedures for the management of cholelithiasis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Clinical trials on NC versus LC were selected according to specific criteria and analyzed to generate summative data expressed in standardized mean difference. Results: Sixteen trials on NC versus LC encompassing 1549 patients were retrieved from electronic databases. Only six randomized controlled trials on 317 patients qualified for the meta‐analysis according to inclusion criteria. NC was associated with longer operative time and higher conversion rate as compared with LC. There was statistically significant heterogeneity among trials. Intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and total stay in hospital were not significantly different. NC was superior to LC in terms of less post‐operative pain and better cosmetic outcomes. Conclusion: NC is a safe and effective procedure for the management of gallstone disease. NC is as effective as LC for perioperative complications and total stay in hospital. NC is superior to LC for less post‐operative pain and better cosmetic results. NC is associated with longer operative time and higher conversion rate.     

Changing management of gallstone disease during pregnancy

Background: Symptomatic gallstones may be problematic during pregnancy. The advisability of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is uncertain. The objective of this study is to define the natural history of gallstone disease during pregnancy and evaluate the safety of LC during pregnancy. Methods: Review of medical records of all pregnant patients with gallstone disease at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1980 to 1996. Results: Of approximately 29,750 deliveries, 47 (0.16%) patients were treated for gallstone disease, including biliary colic in 33, acute cholecystitis in 12, and pancreatitis in two. Conservative treatment was attempted in all patients but failed in 17 (36%) cases. Two patients required combined preterm Cesarean-section cholecystectomy and 10 required surgery in the early postpartum period for persistent symptoms. Seventeen patients required cholecystectomy during pregnancy for biliary colic (10), acute cholecystitis (six), and pancreatitis (one). Three patients were treated with open cholecystectomy. Fourteen patients underwent LC at a mean gestational age of 18.6 weeks, mean OR time of 74 min, and mean length of stay of 1.2 days. Hasson cannulation was utilized in 11 patients. Reduced-pressure pneumoperitoneum (6–10 mmHg) was used in seven patients. Prophylactic tocolytics were used in seven patients, with transient postoperative preterm labor observed in one. There were no open conversions, preterm deliveries, fetal loss, teratogenicity, or maternal morbidity. Conclusions: In past years, symptomatic gallstones during pregnancy were managed conservatively or with open cholecystectomy. LC is a feasible and safe method for treating severely symptomatic patients. Received: 3 April 1997/Accepted: 5 July 1997     

Techniques and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adult patients with beta-thalassemias

Beta-thalassemia, which results from a reduced production of beta-globin chain of hemoglobin, is a common single gene disorder with an extremely heterogeneous clinical picture. Its presentation may vary from mild anemia in beta-thalassemia minor to severe and life-threatening anemia in beta-thalassemia major. Recent advances in supportive treatment of beta-thalassemia major have resulted in substantial increase in survival in these patients, and an increasing number of these patients reach adolescence and adulthood. The incidence of cholelithiasis is reported to be increased in these patients. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease, its experience in adult beta-thalassemic patients has been limited. From May 1992 through April 2000, 10 consecutive adult beta-thalassemic patients with symptomatic gallstone underwent LC at our institution. Data were obtained on the type of beta-thalassemia, presentation, preoperative laboratory findings, history of preoperative transfusion, postoperative complications, postoperative analgesic requirement, length of hospital stay, and follow-up. All operations were completed laparoscopically. The mean operative time was 98.5 minutes. The postoperative analgesic requirement was minimal. There was no mortality. One patient developed fever postoperatively due to lung atelectasis that was managed conservatively. The mean hospital stay was 3 days. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible, safe, and effective in the treatment of adult beta-thalassemic patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. Technical adjustments are required when operating on patients with beta-thalassemia major.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in morbidly obese patients

Background: Morbid obesity is generally regarded as a risk factor for laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to increases in operative time, morbidity, and conversion rate to open cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in morbidly obese patients. Methods: A total of 864 consecutive patients underwent LC at our institution between 1990 and 1997. This series represents a continuing policy of LC for all comers. Data were collected prospectively. There were 659 nonobese (NO: BMI <30 kg/m2), 188 obese (OB: BMI30-40 kg/m2), and 17 morbidly obese patients (MO: BMI >40 kg/m2). Laparoscopic bile duct exploration was performed in 28 (4.2%), nine (4.8%), and one (5.9%) patients, respectively. Results: Obesity and morbid obesity were associated with trends toward an increased conversion rate (2.3% NO; 4.3% OB; 5.9% MO), a longer operative time (median, 80, 85, and 107 mins, respectively), greater postoperative morbidity (4.7%, 5.9%, and 11.8%, respectively), and a reduced ability to obtain cholangiography (86.1%, 80.1%, and 71.4%, respectively). None of these differences, however, were statistically significant (c2 test, p > 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay for LC was similar for all three groups (median, 1 day). Conclusion: LC in morbidly obese patients is a safe procedure, but it may be associated with increased operative difficulty and morbidity, as compared with nonobese and obese patients.     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Cirrhosis of the Liver and Symptomatic Cholelithiasis

Background:

The indications and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with liver cirrhosis and symptomatic cholelithiasis have not been satisfactorily documented. The aim of this study was to investigate its efficacy and safety in such patients.

Methods:

Medical records of 38 patients with liver cirrhosis (stages Child-Pugh A and B) who underwent LC were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics and other parameters including initial presentation, conversion rate, complication rate, mortality, and duration of hospital stay were investigated and compared with noncirrhotic patients'' parameters in our database.

Results:

Cirrhotic patients who underwent LC were older than noncirrhotic patients (P=0.021). Both the conversion rate (15.78%) and the duration of hospital stay were increased in the cirrhotic group, but without significant differences. Major complications occurred more often in the cirrhotic group (P=0.027), increasing morbidity; however, the mortality was zero.

Conclusions:

LC can be safely performed in Child-Pugh A and B cirrhotic patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, with acceptable complication and conversion rates. The increased risk for a major complication, however, demands more attention than usual.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in a resource-limited setting: the first 49 laparoscopic cholecystectomies in Yemen.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for gallstone disease. Many studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of LC and have shown that it is comparable regarding complications to open cholecystectomy (OC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of LC including safety, feasibility in a resource-poor setting like Yemen, and also to compare the outcomes of LC with those of OC. METHODS: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of 112 patients who were admitted to Alburaihy Hospital with a diagnosis of gallstone disease and underwent cholecystectomy from July 1998 to March 2004. Hospital stay, duration of operation, postoperative analgesia, and morbidity due to wound infection, bile leak, common bile duct (CBD) injury, missed CBD stone, bleeding, subphrenic abscess, and hernia were evaluated. Patients were followed up on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients underwent LC and 63 patients underwent OC. The mean age of LC patients was 43.96 years and of OC patients was 44.63 years. The 2 groups were similar in terms of age (p=0.740) and sex (p=0.535). No significant difference was found in the incidence of acute cholecystitis between the 2 groups (p=0.000). The mean operative duration for LC was 39.88 minutes versus 56.76 minutes for OC (p=0.000), and the mean hospital stay was 1.63 and 5.38 days for LC and OC, respectively (p=0.000). A drain was used frequently in OC (p=0.000). LC patients needed less analgesia (p=0.000). The morbidity rate in LC was 12.2% versus 6.3% for OC, which was not statistically significant (p=0.394), (p>0.05). Wound infection and bile leak were more common with LC. No mortalities were reported in either group. CONCLUSION: An experienced surgeon can perform LC safely and successfully in a resource-limited setting. As in other studies, LC outcomes were better than OC outcomes.     

Gallstone cholangitis: a 10-year experience of combined endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment

BACKGROUND: To date, no procedure has yet been identified as the gold standard for the treatment of gallstone cholangitis in the laparoscopic era. METHODS: The data of 109 consecutive patients with acute cholangitis were prospectively entered into a computerized database. All patients were managed according to a standard protocol. The main treatments were endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), followed by interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Patients in whom ERC or endoscopic stone clearance failed were managed by emergency open common bile duct exploration. LC was performed with a standardized four-cannula technique. The mean duration of surgery, conversion rate, and postoperative outcome of these patients were evaluated. RESULTS: ERC was successful in 103 patients (94.5%). In five of these patients (4.8%), no bile duct stones were found. The 98 patients (95.2%) with common bile duct stones were referred for ES. The bile duct stones were successfully removed after ES in 93 cases (94.9%). The overall failure rate of ERC and ES for choledocholithiasis was 10.1%. Self-limiting pancreatitis occurred in four patients (4.3%). Overall, two of the 109 patients died (1.8%). After ES, 81 patients underwent LC. LC was performed successfully in 74 patients (91.3%). Conversion to open surgery was required in seven patients (8.7%). The morbidity rate after cholecystectomy was 7.4%; the morbidity rate after open bile duct exploration was 36.4% (p<0.05). Fifteen patients were managed conservatively after initial endoscopic management of their cholangitis. The overall incidence of recurrent biliary symptoms was significantly higher among patients with gallbladder in place than for patients who underwent cholecystectomy (38.5% vs 1.5%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ES followed by LC is a safe and effective approach for the management of gallstone cholangitis; cholecystectomy should be performed in patients with gallstone cholangitis unless the operative risk is extremely high. These high operative risk patients and those who refuse surgery after ES should be warned that they are at high risk for recurrent biliary symptoms.     

Minilaparoscopic and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative study

HYPOTHESES: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC) and to compare the clinical benefits experienced by patients who undergo MLC with those who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or 5-mm laparoscopic cholecystectomy (5-mm LC). DESIGN: Prospective consecutive study. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: From September 1, 2000, through June 30, 2001, 90 patients with symptomatic gallstones were randomized to undergo 1 of these 3 procedures. INTERVENTION: Minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC, and 5-mm LC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of surgery, loss of blood, length of hospital stay, resumption of solid food intake, quantity of analgesic dosage administered, development of complications, degree of pain at ports 24 and 48 hours after surgery, and overall cosmetic result. RESULTS: Subsequent to excluding 6 patients who were converted to LC, there were 30 patients in the LC group, 29 patients in the 5-mm LC group, and 25 patients in the MLC group. The MLC necessitated a longer time to complete the procedure than was the case for the other 2 procedures. There was no notable difference in the mean dosage of the meperidine hydrochloride (Pethidine) administered between the LC and MLC groups, but an apparent increase in the analgesia requirements for the 5-mm LC group was noted when compared with those of the other 2 groups. There was no remarkable difference in terms of blood loss, resumption of solid food intake, hospital stay subsequent to surgery, or surgical-related complication between these 3 groups. The MLC group did have a lower pain score in the subxyphoid port only at 24 hours after surgery compared with the other 2 groups. The cosmetic results were evaluated and no notable difference was noted at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the MLC, it does require a longer surgical time and reflects a reasonably high possibility for the conversion to LC. Furthermore, the MLC did not provide any notable clinical benefit for the tested patients compared with those patients in the LC group. We concluded that there is no reason for the MLC to become the universally accepted mode of treatment for symptomatic gallstones before further improvements are made in the technique and instrumentation.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in octogenarians

Background: This study aimed to assess the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients 80 years old or older. Methods: All consecutive patients 80 years old or older who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstone disease were evaluated. Data analysis included patients age, gender, indication for surgery, comorbid condition, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP), intraoperative cholangiogram, operative time, conversion to open surgery, morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Results: In this study, 67 patients (31 men and 36 women) with a mean age of 84 years (range, 80–90 years) were evaluated. Of these 67 patients, 38 (57%) underwent surgery for complicated diseases including acute cholecystitis in 15 patients (22%), gallstone pancreatitis in 17 patients (25%), cholangitis in 3 patients (4.5%), and obstructive jaundice in 3 patients (4.5%). A total of 38 patients (57%) had a preoperative ASA of 3 or 4; 23 (34%) had a preoperative ERCP; and 6 (9%) had intraoperative cholangiogram. The mean operative time was 94 ± 20 min. Five patients (7.4%) underwent conversion to open surgery because of unclear anatomy. Complications occurred in 12 patients (18%) including pulmonary edema in 3 patients, myocardial infarction in 1 patient, atelectasis in 2 patients, common bile duct injury in 1 patient, urinary tract infection in 2 patients, wound infection in 2 patients, and intraabdominal infected hematoma in 1 patient. The mean length of stay was 5.3 days. There was no mortality. Conclusions: In octogenarians LC is safe and associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it should be considered for this age group. The relatively high incidence of complicated gallstone disease in this age group may be decreased if surgery is offered to them at earlier stage of the disease, leading to further decrease in perioperative morbidity. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Poster presentation in the (SAGES) annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, 29 March to 1 April 2000     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones in diabetic patients

PURPOSE: To find out whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor in patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of symptomatic gallbladder stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight hundred sixty-two patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our institution between January 1993 and July 2000. Age, sex, risk classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), laboratory tests, operative records, morbidity, and length of hospital stay for each patient were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 184 (21%) diabetic and 678 (79%) nondiabetic patients. The ASA class I applied to 534 nondiabetic (control) patients (79%), and ASA class II to 161 diabetic (study) patients (88%). There was no significant difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic patients regarding leukocyte count, bilirubin, or amylase levels. Operative and postoperative complication rates were significantly higher in the diabetic patients. Conversion to open surgery was required in 19 of 678 patients in the control group (2.8%) and 13 of 184 in the study group (7.1%). The operative time and length of hospital stay were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although they had the same symptoms and laboratory findings, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in diabetic patients is associated with more morbidity and a higher conversion rate than in nondiabetic patients.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with acute cholecystitis versus those with chronic cholecystitis and to determine the optimal timing for LC in patients with acute cholecystitis. METHODS: From January 1991 to July 1998, 796 patients (542 women and 254 men) underwent LC. In 132 patients (67 women and 65 men), acute cholecystitis was confirmed via histopathological examination. These patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 85) had an LC prior to 3 days after the onset of the symptoms of acute cholecystitis, and group 2 (n = 47) had an LC after 3 days. RESULTS: There were no mortalities. The conversion rates were 38.6% in acute cholecystitis and 9.6% in chronic cholecystitis (p<10(-8)). Length of surgery (150.3 min vs. 107.8 min; p<10(-9)), postoperative morbidity (15% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.001), and postoperative length of stay (7.9 days vs. 5 days; p< 10(-9)) were significantly different between LC for acute cholecystitis and elective LC. For acute cholecystitis, we found a statistical difference between the successful group and the conversion group in terms of length of surgery and postoperative stay. The conversion rates in patients operated on before and after 3 days following the onset of symptoms were 27% and 59.5%, respectively (p = 0.0002). There was no statistical difference between early and delayed surgery in terms of operative time and postoperative complications. However, total hospital stay was significantly shorter for group 1. CONCLUSIONS: LC for acute cholecystitis is a safe procedure with a shorter postoperative stay, lower morbidity, and less mortality than open surgery. LC should be carried out as soon as the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is established and preferably before 3 days following the onset of symptoms. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce both the conversion rate and the total hospital stay as medical and economic benefits.     

胃癌合并胆囊结石同期手术治疗58例临床分析

目的探讨胃癌合并胆囊结石同期手术治疗的可行性及临床效果。方法对58例胃癌合并胆囊结石病人同时行手术治疗,并与同期58例单纯胃癌手术病人进行对照分析。结果两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术后3d引流量、住院时间、术后并发症等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗完全结束3个月后随访结果显示,两组病人的营养状况、胃切除术后胃肠道并发症发生率等情况相近,差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对胃癌合并胆囊结石的病人同时行胃癌根治术与胆囊切除术是安全可行的,不增加手术风险与远期胃切除术后胃肠道并发症发生率。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for renal transplants

The diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis in renal transplant patients are subjects of debate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in renal transplant patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The records of 155 kidney transplant patients were reviewed, including 16 patients who, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Shortest interval time between transplantation and cholecystectomy was 2 years. Surgical morbidity were seen in two patients (12.5%) with no mortality and no graft loss. In conclusion, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity in renal transplant patients who have symptomatic gallstone disease. The morbidity rate is comparable to nontransplant patients.     

Consequences of delay in surgical treatment of biliary disease

BACKGROUND: Delay of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after the diagnosis of uncomplicated biliary disease is common at our institution. This study assessed the effect of delay of operation for symptomatic biliary disease. METHODS: A cohort of 251 patients was retrospectively reviewed at Parkland Memorial Hospital with follow-up available for 168 patients (67%) from January 1998 to July 1998. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of the 88 patients with the initial diagnosis of biliary colic, 69 (78%) underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty-six patients made a total of 44 return visits the emergency department with a recurrent attack of biliary colic or a complication of gallstone disease. Mean operative time increased from 94 minutes for elective operations to 122 minutes for nonelective operations and hospital stay increased from 0.6 days to 6.1 days. Conversion to open operation increased from 6% in the elective group to 26% in the nonelective group. CONCLUSION: Delay of surgical therapy is associated with complications, increased operative times, higher conversion to open cholecystectomy, and prolonged hospitalization. We conclude that patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis should undergo early cholecystectomy.     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Previous Gastrectomy

ABSTRACT

Introduction: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with a history of gastrectomy. Methods: The clinical data of 9,403 consecutive patients who underwent LC from January 2003 to September 2010 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed; 30 of them had undergone previous gastrectomy. We compared the operative duration, hospitalization, and conversion rate between patients with, and those randomized selected patients without, a history of gastrectomy. Results: All patients were treated by laparoscopic procedure successfully. The mean operative duration (55.00 min vs. 29.63 min, P < .05) and mean hospitalization duration (4.57 days vs. 3.00 days, P < .05) were significantly longer in the patients with a history of gastrecotomy. There are no complications such as bile duct and bowel injury in control group, however two bile duct injuries emerged in the observed group, which required surgical intervention. Conclusions: Although the operation is difficult, LC is a safe and effective treatment for the patients with a history of gastrectomy.     

Does gender affect laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

The relationship between sex and outcome after laparoscopic surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of sex on the clinical presentation of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease and the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy, complication rates, operative times, and lengths of hospital stay were compared between the sexes. Compared with female patients, males were significantly older and more likely to have coexisting cardiovascular disease, previous upper abdominal surgery, previous hospitalization for acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, and suppurative cholecystitis (such as empyema), conversions, and complications. The mortality rate was nil. Analyses revealed an independent effect of sex on the prevalence of complications, even when including all of the major confounding factors in the model. In contrast, the effect of sex on conversion to open cholecystectomy was not significant when controlling for patient age. Operative time and postoperative hospital stay were significantly longer in males than in females. The tendency of male patients to have cholecystitis of greater severity should remind surgeons of the need to inform patients about the higher conversion rate among male patients, to reduce the disappointment of a large laparotomy wound or prolonged recovery period. On the other hand, there may be an increased need for surgeons to strongly advice male patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis to undergo early intervention.     

单切口与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的随机对比研究

目的:对比分析单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术(single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,SILC)与传统四孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的近期疗效。方法:2011年6月至8月将40例胆囊结石和胆囊息肉患者随机分为SILC组(n=20)和LC组(n=20)。对比分析两组患者一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症、切口长度、疼痛程度和C反应蛋白量(C-reactive protein,CRP)。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、ASA分期、体重指数和术前CRP无明显差别,手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症、术后CRP差异无统计学意义,但SILC组切口更小,术后疼痛更轻微。结论:适当把握手术适应证,SILC安全可行,具有切口长度小、术后疼痛轻等优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管探查及内镜括约肌切开治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效对比

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(laparos copiccommon bile duct exploration,LCBDE)与LC联合内镜括约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)取石术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2011年12月247例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,其中91例行LC+LCBDE,156例行LC+EST;对比两种术式手术时间、中转开腹率、术后并发症、残石率、住院时间及住院费用等。结果:LC+LCBDE组手术时间短、术后并发症少、住院费用低,但住院时间稍长,两组中转开腹率、残石率差异无统计学意义。结论:LC联合LCBDE及LC联合EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全、可靠。应根据患者具体情况进行个体化治疗,病情允许时LC联合LCBDE可作为首选。     

Management of gallstone cholangitis in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

HYPOTHESIS: The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic approach is safe and effective in managing gallstone cholangitis in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred eighty-four consecutive patients with gallstone cholangitis treated between January 1995 and December 1998. INTERVENTIONS: The main treatments were endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) followed by interval LC. Open or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (OCBDE or LCBDE) was used when ERCP or ES failed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success of various interventions, morbidity and mortality, and long-term incidence of recurrent biliary symptoms. RESULTS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was successful in 175 patients (95%), with bile duct stones found in 147 (84%). Endoscopic stone clearance by ES was achieved in 132 patients (90%). Morbidity rate after ERCP or ES was 4.0% (n = 7), and overall mortality rate from cholangitis was 1.6% (n = 3). After bile duct stone clearance, 82 patients underwent LC with a conversion rate of 9.8% (n = 8) and a morbidity rate of 3.6% (n = 3). Eighteen patients underwent OCBDE with a morbidity rate of 33% (n = 6), and 3 underwent LCBDE with 1 conversion and no morbidity. There was no operative mortality. Seventy-eight patients were managed conservatively after endoscopic clearance of bile duct stones. Follow-up data were available in 101 patients with cholecystectomy and 73 patients with gallbladder in situ. During a median follow-up of 24 months, recurrent biliary symptoms occurred in 5.9% (n = 6) and 25% (n = 18), respectively (P =.001). In both groups, the most common recurrent symptom was cholangitis (n = 5 and n = 14, respectively). Gallbladder in situ (risk ratio, 4.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-12.50; P =.01) and small-size papillotomy (risk ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1. 07-8.10; P =.04) were significant risk factors for recurrent biliary symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic sphincterotomy for biliary drainage and stone removal, followed by interval LC, is a safe and effective approach for managing gallstone cholangitis. Patients with gallbladder left in situ after ES have an increased risk of recurrent biliary symptoms. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be recommended after endoscopic management of cholangitis except in patients with prohibitive surgical risk.33333333333333333333333