健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能的影响

观察脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能以及健脾止泻颗粒的作用机制。方法对64例脾虚泄泻患儿用健脾止泻颗粒治疗,检测其治疗前后的唾液淀粉酶活性、尿D-木糖排泄率及大便SIgA,并与30例正常儿进行对照观察。结果脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能低下,经治疗后,上述指标明显好转。结论健脾止泻颗粒具有促进脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收功能和提高肠道局部免疫功能的作用。     

隔药饼灸对FGIDs肝郁脾虚模型大鼠胃肠组织中SP表达及尿液D-木糖排泄率的影响

目的:观察隔药饼灸对功能性胃肠病(functional gastrointestinal disorders,FGIDs)肝郁脾虚模型大鼠胃肠组织中P物质(substance P,SP)表达及尿液D-木糖排泄率的影响,探讨隔药饼灸对FGIDs的治疗作用及其作用机制.方法:将36只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和隔药饼灸组.每组12只,除空白组外,其余2组采用复合病因造模法进行造模.3组大鼠于造模前与造模后都进行食量和体质量的测定,然后各组按被试因素施加方法,分别进行生理盐水和隔药饼灸14 d.治疗结束后,收集大鼠尿标本,用于检测大鼠尿D-木糖排泄率,再取胃和结肠组织,采用Western blot检测SP含量.结果:2组大鼠造模后,食量和体质量均较空白组大鼠明显减少(P0.05),同时尿D-木糖排泄率较造模前明显下降(P0.05);治疗后,C组尿D-木糖排泄率较治疗前明显上升(P0.05);SP含量:与A组相比,B、C组大鼠胃窦和结肠部位SP含量显著升高(P0.01);与B组相比,C组大鼠各组织中SP含量显著下降(P0.01).结论:隔药饼灸通过调节SP表达,从而达到改善胃肠运动功能的作用,这可能是其作用机制之一.     

健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能的影响

目的：观察脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能以及健脾止泻颗粒的作用机制，方法；对64例脾虚泄泻患儿用健脾止泻颗粒治疗，检测其治疗前后的吃得开 液淀粉酶活性，尿D－木糖排泄率及大便SIgA，并与30例正常儿进行对照观察，结果：脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能低下，经治疗后，上述指标明显好转，结论：健脾止泻颗粒具有促进脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收功能和提高肠道局部免疫功能的作用。     

脾虚宁胶囊治疗脾虚泄泻的临床疗效观察

本文观察了脾虚宁胶囊治疗脾虚泄泻的临床疗效,并初步探讨了其作用机理。观察结果：脾虚宁胶囊治疗脾虚泄泻 ３０ 例与参苓白术散治疗其病 １５ 例均能改善腹泻、食欲、腹胀、肢倦、神疲等症状及有关实验指标,总有效率脾虚宁胶囊为 ８６．６７％ ,参苓白术散为 ４６．６７％ ,脾虚宁胶囊优于参芩白术散（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。研究表明脾虚宁胶囊治疗脾虚泄泻有较高的临床疗效。     

益气增液颗粒对脾虚泄泻大鼠血清胃泌素及血浆胃动素影响的研究

目的：探讨益气增液颗粒对脾虚泄泻SD大鼠血清胃泌素（GAS）、血浆胃动素（MOT）的影响；方法：用放射免疫法测定200％大黄煎液造成的脾虚泄泻SD大鼠血清GAS，血浆MOT的含量。结果：脾虚模型组大鼠血清GAS含量低于正常对照组（P＜0．01），阳性对照组和益气增液颗粒中，高剂量组与脾虚模型组相比均P＜0．05；益气增液颗粒3个剂量组与阳性对照组相比均P＞0．05；脾虚模型组大鼠血浆MOT含量明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．01），阳性对照组和益气增液颗粒3个剂量组与脾虚模型组相比P＜0．05及P＜0．01；益气增液颗粒高剂量组与阳性对照组相比有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：GAS、MOT含量变化很可能是脾虚泄泻的一项重要的病理生理学改变，而益气增液颗粒对脾虚泄泻SD大鼠GAS、MOT含量变化明显的调节作用。     

流行性出血热发热后期免疫疗法疗效研究

目的为了研究联合抗过敏加用新鲜血浆疗法对流行性出血热(EHF)发热后期患者的疗效。方法确诊的EHF发热后期病人20例,用红细胞C3b受体花环及免疫复合物花环法检测红细胞免疫功能,用双抗体夹心法检测血清中可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)水平,用PEG法检测循环免疫复合物(CIC)水平,用免疫酶法检测复合物溶解活性(CRA)水平。结果与正常对照组相比,EHF患者红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率、血清中SIL-2R和CIC水平上升,红细胞C3b受体花环形成率和CRA水平下降,差异均极显著。应用联合抗过敏加输新鲜血浆疗法治疗后,红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率、sIL-2R和CIC水平下降,红细胞C3b受体花环形成率和CRA水平上升,与治疗前相比差异均极显著。结论作者认为,对EHF发热后期患者应用此疗法有效,检测上述指标对患者诊断、治疗及预后评估均有指导意义。     

动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者红细胞的免疫功能改变

探讨动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者红细胞免疫粘附功能变化的特点.观察了86例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者和63例正常对照者的红细胞免疫功能4项指标红细胞C3b受体花环率、红细胞免疫复合物花环率、血清中红细胞免疫粘附增强因子及红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子.动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者红细胞免疫功能变化的特点是红细胞C3b受体花环率降低,红细胞免疫复合物花环率升高,同时伴有血清中红细胞免疫粘附增强因子活性降低及红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子活性增强,红细胞免疫粘附功能低下.本研究提示脑梗死患者红细胞免疫功能下降,为探讨动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的发病与防治途径提供了依据.     

健脾片健脾功能的实验研究

目的研究健脾片运化水谷,健脾益气功能的作用机制.方法对正常及脾虚模型大小鼠胃酸分泌,胃蛋白酶含量,小肠推进运动,小肠D-木糖吸收率及主要免疫功能进行检测并设对照组.结果健脾片能增强正常大鼠胃蛋白酶活性;促进脾虚模型小鼠小肠D-木糖吸收功能,增加体重,减轻胸腺、脾脏萎缩;提高脾虚大鼠总蛋白、总胆固醇含量;对正常小鼠具有促进小肠推进运动,增加血清中异物清除率,凝集素值及促进DTH反应作用.结论健脾片确具健脾作用.     

脾虚大鼠胃壁细胞胃泌素受体变化规律研究

目的 :观察脾虚模型大鼠胃壁细胞胃泌素受体结合容量的变化规律及中药黄芪的调节作用。方法 :SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、脾虚模型组 (5 0 %大黄浸液 1m l/ 10 0 g体重灌胃 ,每天 2次 ,连续 10 d)、治疗组 (从造模第 7天开始腹腔注射黄芪注射液 2 g/ 10 0 g体重 ,每天 1次 ,连续 4 d) ,第 11天处死动物 ,分离胃壁细胞 ;以 1 2 5I-[L en1 5]- gastrin17- I为标记配基、壁细胞悬液为受体制备 ,用放射配基结合法检测各组大鼠壁细胞胃泌素受体结合容量。结果 :脾虚模型大鼠壁细胞胃泌素受体结合位点数为 (396 .6± 6 2 .6 ) sites/ cells,明显低于正常对照组的 (74 7.7± 99.9) sites/ cells(P <0 .0 1) ;治疗组胃泌素受体结合位点数显著回升至 (6 6 0 .6± 32 .3) sites/ cells,明显高于模型组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :脾虚证可能是一种胃泌素受体相关性疾病 ,上调胃泌素受体结合容量可能是黄芪发挥益气健脾功效的细胞水平的新机制     

四君子汤对脾虚大鼠神经内分泌免疫网络功能的影响

[目的]探讨四君子汤对脾虚证大鼠神经内分泌免疫功能的影响.[方法]将45只大鼠随机分为正常组、脾虚组、治疗组,检测各组大鼠尿木糖水平,用放射免疫分析方法检测脾虚组、治疗组血清胃泌素、胃动素、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-8、醛固酮的水平.[结果]治疗组胃泌素、胃动素、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-8、醛固酮水平较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01).[结论]脾虚能引起神经内分泌免疫功能下降,四君子汤治疗后有明显改善.     

Elevated lipid peroxidation levels in red blood cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

This study was performed to determine whether or not hyperglycemia in diabetes results in elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products in red blood cells (RBC). Diabetes was induced in rats by treatment with streptozotocin. The level of lipid peroxidation products was examined in fresh RBC by measuring their thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity after 2 and 4 months of induction of diabetes. Hyperglycemia was assessed by measuring the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose. Results show that lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher (50% to 84%) in RBC of diabetic rats than in controls. The increase in the level of lipid peroxidation was blocked in diabetic rats in which hyperglycemia was controlled by insulin treatment. Among phospholipid classes, relative percentage of sphingomyelin (SM) was significantly reduced in RBC at both 2 and 4 months of diabetes; whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were higher in RBC at 4 months of diabetes only. The level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) did not differ significantly between RBC of control and diabetic rats. This study suggests a significantly altered lipid composition and an accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in RBC of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.     

Potentiation of erythroid abnormalities following macrophage depletion in aged rats

OBJECTIVES: The effects of prolonged macrophage depletion on haematological parameters were investigated in aged rats and compared with those in young ones. METHODS: Four weekly i.v. injections of dichloromethylene diphosphonate-containing liposomes (Cl2MDP-CL) were employed to achieve a prolonged depletion of bone marrow (BM) and spleen macrophages. The number of BM macrophages was then assessed by flow cytometry, whereas the spleen clearance function was judged by the elimination of oxidised red blood cells (RBC). Haematological parameters and signs of RBC ageing (reduced MCV, increased density and augmented 4.1a/4.1b membrane protein ratio) were determined. Finally, the recovery from phlebotomy-induced acute anaemia was investigated. RESULTS: Following the Cl2MDP-CL treatment, in comparison with young rats, the aged animals showed: (i) reduced numbers of BM macrophages; (ii) greater impairment of spleen clearance function; (iii) similar anaemic condition and signs of RBC ageing; (iv) greater increase in white blood cell (WBC) numbers (mainly neutrophils). In addition, whereas aged control rats showed a recovery from phlebotomy-induced acute anaemia which was similar to that of the untreated young animals, in the aged-treated rats, a significantly diminished/delayed restoration of RBC, Hb and reticulocyte to normal values was observed, accompanied by a significantly higher increase in WBC numbers than in the other groups of animals. CONCLUSION: Haematological abnormalities because of Cl2MDP-CL-induced macrophage depletion are potentiated in aged rats in which the BM regenerative potential of the erythroid lineage as well as the clearance function of the spleen appear compromised. Thus, in aged rats, macrophage dysfunction is likely to interfere with erythroid homeostasis particularly during haemopoietic stress.     

Binding of anti-spectrin antibodies to red blood cells and vesiculation in various in vivo and in vitro ageing conditions in the rat

In this study, the binding of naturally occurring antibodies as well as of induced anti-spectrin antibodies to red blood cells (RBC), in relation with different ageing conditions, was investigated in the rat. RBC from aged animals, or from rats whose RBC were age-induced either by means of hypertransfusion (which blocks erythropoiesis) or by treatment with clodronate-containing liposomes (which reduces RBC removal from circulation), were used. Attainment of RBC ageing was demonstrated by MCV reduction and by an increase of both RBC density and 4.1a/4.1b RBC membrane protein ratio. The results demonstrate an augmented anti-spectrin antibody binding to RBC in relation with their ageing condition, especially when induced by hypertransfusion. The vesiculation process was also investigated and correlated with antibody binding: vesicles were found only in the plasma of clodronate-treated rats, whose RBC showed the lowest level of anti-spectrin antibody binding with respect to the other groups. In addition, RBC preserved in vitro in different media showed a binding of anti-spectrin antibody, which inversely correlated with the vesiculation process. On the whole, the latter results suggest a protective effect of vesicles towards IgG opsonization of aged RBC.     

Standardizing the comparison of systolic blood pressure vs. pulse pressure for predicting coronary heart disease

Whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) or pulse pressure (PP) is more predictive of coronary heart disease remains controversial. The authors analyzed 6032 participants in the first National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES I) followed up for an average of 16 years. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and coronary heart disease outcomes were determined from hospital or mortality records. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to estimate the multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) for increases of 10 mm Hg or 1 SD in SBP and PP, and the RR associated with PP was greater than the RR associated with SBP when using an increase of 10 mm Hg. However, when using an increase of 1 SD, the RR associated with SBP was larger than for PP. Although both are predictors, the authors conclude that SBP has a larger RR than PP for coronary heart disease events.     

Flow-Cytometric Analysis of Erythrocytic Blood Group A Antigen Density Profile

Blood group A antigen density on red blood cells (RBC) was studied using flow cytometry (FCM) and fluoresceinated polyclonal and monoclonal IgG anti-A antisera. Agglutination was a problem, which could only be solved by prefixation of the RBC with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde. However, this treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the number of antigen sites as compared to the native (i.e. nonfixed) RBC. Two major new findings came out of this study: (1) A antigen density on native RBC seems to be higher than previously recognized, and (2) A antigen density distribution is probably non-Gaussian. The absolute number of A antigen sites was determined, using a human polyclonal IgG antiserum and commercially available absolute fluorescence standards. The site numbers on fixed RBC were comparable to those found by earlier radioimmunological studies (x 10(6)/RBC): A1, 1.07 +/- 0.28; A2, 0.21 +/- 0.09; A1B, 0.79 +/- 0.26 sites (mean +/- SD). The values found for native RBC were considerably higher (x 10(6)/RBC): A1, 2.86 +/- 0.95; A2, 0.47 +/- 0.29; A1B, 1.98 +/- 0.58 sites (mean +/- SD). With the 1 monoclonal and the 3 polyclonal antisera used in this study, and in contrast to Rh D, the erythrocytic A antigen density distribution of a given sample is highly asymmetrical. This non-Gaussian distribution profile does not seem to be affected by such factors as antibody heterogeneity, variability in antibody fluoresceination range, RBC density and reticulocyte content. This suggests that the asymmetrical A antigen distribution may be an intrinsic property of the RBC population.     

Clinical and experimental studies on stomach carcinoma treated with Yangwei Kangliu granules

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Determinants of mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Hypertension is highly prevalent in the dialysis population, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the observed excess of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. Nevertheless, there are no reports on the clinical and biochemical determinants of both pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in dialysis populations. A total of 541 haemodialysed patients from 11 dialysis centres were included in the study. The demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics were recorded. Both pre- and post- dialytic blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) were measured. PP and MAP were calculated. Mean predialytic PP was 67 +/- 17 mm Hg and significantly decreased after dialysis (60 +/- 18 mm Hg; P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, a 10 mm Hg increase in PP was positively associated with age (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.35-5.01, for a 10-year increase in age), diabetes mellitus (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14), interdialytic weight gain (IWG) (RR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.07-3.18, for 1% increase in IWG), and current smoking (RR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.13-5.92) and negatively with Hb concentration (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99, for a 1 g/100 ml in Hb). Mean predialytic MAP was 98 +/- 15 mm Hg and significantly decreased after dialysis (91 +/- 16 mm Hg; P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, a 10 mm Hg increase in MAP was positively associated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.6, for 50 ng/ml in PTH), erythropoietin (EPO) treatment (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16), and current smoking (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.39-2.41). PP and MAP are associated with different clinical parameters. Most of these factors are potentially reversible. Smoking cessation, correction of anaemia and limitation of IWG should be important challenges for physicians in care of dialysis patients.     

A new model of isolated systolic hypertension induced by chronic warfarin and vitamin K1 treatment

BACKGROUND: Isolated systolic hypertension is the predominant form of hypertension in the elderly population. Reduction of arterial compliance appears to contribute to the elevation of pulse pressure (PP) and among potential mechanisms, gradual vascular calcification, fragmentation of elastic lamellae, and augmentation of rigid component like collagen could contribute to increase aortic stiffening. Few experimental models of the disease are currently available. METHODS: To induce large artery calcification, rats were treated with warfarin and vitamin K(1) (WK) for 4 and 8 weeks, to inhibit the maturation of matrix Gla protein. The impact of chronic PP elevation was determined on large artery and cardiac remodeling and on aortic endothelial function. RESULTS: The WK treatment led to aortic medial calcification and a proportional elevation of PP, attributable mainly to a selective elevation of systolic blood pressure. The chronic treatment also increased collagen, whereas elastin decreased in the aorta. Pulse wave velocity, an index of aortic stiffening, increased in rats treated with WK. However, indices of left ventricular and aortic hypertrophy and remodeling remained normal. In addition, the WK treatment did not modify the vasoconstriction to norepinephrine and endothelin-1, and the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic treatment with WK represents a new model of isolated systolic hypertension with several characteristics of the human disease. The relative ease to induce calcification in this model may help to foster more fundamental research, which is lacking in this type of hypertension.     

Dynamic observation of T cell and erythrocyte immune function in childrenwith rotavirus enteritis

AIM To study the change of T cell subsets and erythrocytes immune function in children with acuterotavicus enteritis (RE) and to explore its clinical significance.METHODS T cell subsets were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique, RBC immune functionwas achieved by detecting RBC C3b receptor rosette (RBC-CR1R) and RBC immune complex rosette (RBC-ICR). The statistical significance of differences was evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULTS The percentage rate of CD3 and CD4 cell and the ratio of CD4/CD8 in acute stage of RE weresignificantly lower than those of control ( P <0.01), while the percentage rate of CD8 cell remained almostunchangec Along with the improvement of clinical symptoms, the level of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8returned to normal in recovery stage. RBC-CR1R in acute stage of RE was significantly lower than that ofcontrol (F = 15.44, P<0.01) and returned to normal in recovery stage. RBC-ICR rose slightly in acute stageof RE, but there was no significant difference between acute stage of RE and the control (F=0.02518,P>0.05). Correlative analysis showed that RBC-CR1R was positively correlated to the percentage rate ofCD4 cell (r =0.528l, P<0.01) and the ratio of CD4/CD8 (r=0.4832, P<0.01), in acute stage of RE.CONCLUSION Cellular immune might take part in the development of RE, CD4/CD8 ratio might berelated to the prognosis of RE. The immune function of RBC reduced secondarily in acute stage of RE. It isnecessary to keep the immune function of RBC in treatment of RE in order to strengthen the patient's abilityof anti-infection.