机械通气患者早期主动活动效果的Meta分析

目的 :评价早期主动活动在ICU机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法 :计算机检索Cochrane Library、Pubmed、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和万方数据库中有关机械通气患者早期活动的随机对照试验(RCT),并辅助其他检索。2名研究者独立根据Cochrane系统评价方法对纳入文献进行质量评价和资料提取,采用Stata/SE 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 :共纳入11篇RCT,718名患者,Meta分析结果显示:机械通气时间SMD=-0.77,95%CI(-1.30~-0.24);ICU住院时间SMD=-0.50,95%CI(-0.96~-0.04);呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)OR=0.13,95%CI(0.03~0.62);ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)SMD=0.36,95%CI(0.02~0.71),合并效应有统计学意义;病死率OR=0.89,95%CI(0.51~1.55),虽倾向有利结局,但无统计学意义。结论:ICU机械通气患者进行早期主动活动安全有效,不但能缩短机械通气和ICU住院时间,并能降低VAP和ICU-AW的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

机械通气患者早期活动效果的系统评价

目的 系统评价机械通气患者进行早期活动的效果。 方法 通过计算机检索PubMed 、 EMBASE 、 Web of Science 、 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials （ CEN-TRAL ）、 CINAHL 、 Physiotherapy Evidence Database （ PEDro ）、中国知网（ CNKI ）与万方数据库中关于机械通气患者早期活动的随机对照试验,经筛选文献,提取资料与评价质量后行 Meta 分析。结果 共纳入 14 项随机对照试验, Meta 分析结果显示,与常规护理措施相比,早期活动能够缩短 机械通气时间［ MD=-46.98 , 95%CI （ -66.49 , -27.48 ）, P＜0.001 ］、 ICU 治疗时间［ MD=-1.96 , 95%CI（ -2.86 , -1.05 ）, P＜0.001 ］和总住院时间［ MD=-5.41 , 95%CI （ -8.67 , -2.14 ）, P=0.001 ］,并且能降低病死率［ RR=0.67 , 95%CI （ 0.45 , 0.99 ）, P=0.040 ］。 结论 机械通气开始后 5d 内开始早期活动能够缩短通气时间、 ICU 治疗时间和住院时间,且不增加病死率,建议临床推广使用。     

刷牙对机械通气病人呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率影响的Meta分析

[目的]评价刷牙对行机械通气病人呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率的影响。[方法]采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索国内外相关文献,纳入符合标准的随机对照试验(RCT)和类实验性研究(CCT)进行Meta分析。[结果]共纳入19篇RCT和1篇CCT。Meta分析结果显示,对于行机械通气的病人给予刷牙能有效降低呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,同时还可以降低牙菌斑指数、缩短机械通气时间及ICU住院时间、降低病死率以及减少口腔疾病的发生率等。[结论]行机械通气的病人给予刷牙不仅能有效降低VAP的发生率,还可缩短住院时间。     

气道压力释放通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者住院病死率影响的累积Meta分析

目的 应用累积Meta分析的方法评价气道压力释放通气（APRV）对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS患者住院病死率的影响。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、WanFang Data、CNKI和VIP数据库,搜集与研究目的相关的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均为建库至2022年6月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用StataSE 12.0软件进行累积Meta分析。结果 共纳入9个RCT,包括533例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与传统机械通气相比,APRV能够降低ARDS患者的住院病死率[RR=0.70,95%CI(0.54,0.91),P<0.01]。结论 当前证据表明,APRV可降低ARDS患者住院病死率。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

胸腔内血容量指数指导下的液体复苏对机械通气下脓毒症休克患者预后的影响

目的评价胸腔内血容量指数（ITBVI）指导下的液体复苏对机械通气下脓毒症休克患者预后的影响。方法将65例机械通气下脓毒症休克患者随机分成两组：中心静脉压（CVP）组（对照组）,CVP目标值≥12mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）和试验组,ITBVI目标值≥850ml/m2。统计每例患者前5天的液体入量、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间,比较两组28天病死率。结果 ITBVI组前5天的液体入量明显少于CVP组,（16 567±971）ml vs（19 072±1 232）ml（P〈0.05）;机械通气时间和ICU住院时间均短于CVP组,分别为（5.05±1.67）天vs（5.94±1.38）天（P〈0.05）,和（7.74±1.80）天vs（8.70±1.69）天（P〈0.05）;28天病死率两组的差异无统计学意义。结论在机械通气下脓毒症休克患者中使用ITBVI指导液体复苏能缩短患者的机械通气时间、ICU住院时间。     

急性肺损伤患者液体管理的临床研究

目的 探讨急性肺损伤(ALI)患者不同液体管理策略与预后及肺力学特征的关系.方法 选择我科2007-07～2009-06收治的42例ALI病例,随机分为限制性液体管理组和非限制性液体管理组,依中心静脉压(CVP)水平实施液体管理,试验观察持续7 d.比较两组患者治疗前和治疗第2天的氧合指数、肺损伤评分、呼吸力学及28 d使用呼吸机时间、28 d住ICU时间、60 d病死率.结果 治疗第2天,限制性液体管理组较非限制性液体管理组氧合指数上升,肺损伤评分降低,呼吸力学指标中气道峰压、气道阻力降低,肺顺应性升高(P<0.05);限制性液体管理组28 d使用呼吸机时间、28 d住ICU时间均显著低于非限制性液体管理组(P<0.05),60 d病死率亦较非限制性液体管理组显著下降(P<0.05).两组肾衰竭发生率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 限制性液体管理策略有助于改善ALI患者预后.     

不同形状气管导管套囊在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎效果的Meta分析

目的 评价不同形状气管导管套囊在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）的效果。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库从建库至2021年7月的相关文献,纳入不同形状气管导管套囊预防VAP的随机对照研究和队列研究,试验组采用锥形气囊气管导管,对照组采用圆柱形气囊气管导管。由2名研究者根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献,提取资料,评价文献的质量,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。主要结局观察指标：VAP发生率;次要观察指标：ICU住院死亡率、VAP发生时间、ICU住院时间、机械通气时间。结果 共纳入8篇文献,包括1566例患者,分析结果显示：锥形气囊气管导管在VAP发生率、VAP发生时间优于圆柱形气囊气管导管,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 锥形气囊气管导管与圆柱形气囊气管导管相比能降低机械通气患者VAP的发生率,缩短机械通气时间和VAP发生时间,但是纳入研究质量高低不一,存在较大的异质性,仍需开展高质量多中心的随机对照临床试验予以验证。     

机械通气患者胸部物理治疗效果的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析评价胸部综合物理治疗对ICU机械通气患者的应用效果。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Sciencedirect、EMBASE、CINAHL、Wily online library、CBM、维普、万方和CNKI数据库,检索时限为建库至2018年9月,由2名评价员独立筛选文献、评价文献质量和提取指标数据,将评价指标数据用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12项随机对照试验,总计1 653例患者。Meta分析结果显示：机械通气患者应用胸部物理治疗后呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率显著下降[OR=0.37,95%CI（0.29,0.49）,P<0.01]、临床肺部感染评分显著降低[SMD=-1.71,95%CI（-2.22,-1.20）,P<0.01]、脱机成功率明显提升[OR=4.46,95%CI（2.81,7.09）,P<0.01]、病死率明显下降[OR=0.52,95%CI（0.40,0.68）,P<0.01],机械通气时间[SMD=-0.60,95%CI（-1.92,0.72）,P=0.37]与ICU住院时间[SMD=-0.55,95%CI（-2.44,1.34）,P=0.57]未显著缩短。结论 本研究显示,胸部物理治疗可能有助于降低呼吸机相关性肺炎与肺部感染发生率,并显著降低病死率和拔管失败率,但不能缩短机械通气时间与ICU住院时间。因存在研究质量较低、撤机标准不统一、机械通气理念变化等因素,上述结论需要更多高质量研究验证。     

ICU机械通气患者翻身前行口咽部分泌物吸引的循证护理实践

目的 为ICU机械通气患者翻身前是否行口咽部分泌物吸引制定合理的循证护理方案。方法 按照循证医学PICO原则提出临床问题，计算机全面检索文献，获取并评价相关的临床指南、随机对照试验及系统评价文献。获得证据并结合临床制定应用证据方法。证据应用期间共纳入361例持续机械通气患者。采用前后对照的研究方法将2016年1-9月我科符合纳排标准的176例机械通气患者设为对照组,采用气道吸引后口腔吸引的常规方法；2016年10月-2017年4月符合纳排标准的185例机械通气患者设为试验组，给予翻身前口腔吸引的干预措施。评价应用证据期间试验组（翻身前行口咽部分泌物吸引）与对照组（气道吸引后予口咽部分泌物吸引）VAP发生率、机械通气时间、住ICU时间。结果 两组患者在ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、VAP发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 采用循证方法为ICU机械通气患者患者实施翻身前口腔吸引的护理方案，增加了患者舒适度并提高了临床护理质量。     

早期活动对ICU获得性衰弱干预效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价早期活动对ICU患者ICU获得性衰弱(intensive care unit acquired weakness,ICU-AW)的干预效果。方法计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、Cochrane Library、Pubmed、Web of Science中有关早期活动预防ICU-AW的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),检索时间均为各数据库建库至2017年2月,同时追溯纳入研究的参考文献。两名研究者独立按纳入排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11篇RCT,985名患者,Meta分析结果显示:肌力(MRC-score)WMD=8.09,95%CI为(7.29,8.88)、ICU-AW发病率OR=0.11,95%CI为(0.04,0.35),巴氏评分WMD=23.6,95%CI为(14.61,32.59),机械通气时间SMD=-1.13,95%CI为(-1.68,-0.58),ICU住院时间SMD=-1.28,95%CI为(-1.99,-0.56),总住院时间SMD=-1.53,95%CI(-2.60,-0.46)。结论基于现有证据得出早期活动可减少ICU-AW的发病率,同时也能缩短机械通气时间、ICU住院时间和总的住院时间,值得临床推广应用。     

高呼气末正压通气结合小潮气量对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者预后影响的荟萃分析

目的 系统评价高呼气末正压(PEEP)与低PEEP机械通气对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者预后的影响.方法 通过检索美国<医学索引>、荷兰<医学文摘>、Cochrane临床试验数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和中国期刊网全文数据库(CNKI)等文献数据库,全面收集全世界范围内高PEEP与低PEEP治疗ALI/ARDS患者的随机对照试验(RCT),提取文献中的相关资料和评估方法学质量,而后采用Cochrane协作网RevMan 5.0软件对资料进行荟萃分析(Meta分析).结果 最终纳入6个RCT共2484例ALI/ARDS患者.A亚组的3个RCT中试验组采用了高PEEP(相对于对照组),对照组采用了低PEEP(相对于试验组),两组均采用了小潮气量(6 ml/kg)通气;B亚组的3个RCT中试验组采用了高PEEP加小潮气量,对照组采用了低PEEP加传统潮气量通气.合并结果显示,B亚组中高PEEP加小潮气量通气策略可以降低患者的28 d病死率[Peto比值比(OR)=0.40,95%可信区间(95%CI)0.22～0.72,P=0.003]和气压伤发生率(OR=0.20,95%CI 0.05～0.82,P=0.02);A亚组中,两组患者的28 d病死率(OR=0.86,95%CI 0.72～1.02,P=0.08)和气压伤发生率(OR=1.19,95%CI 0.89～1.58,P=0.25)差异无统计学意义.结论 高PEEP加小潮气量通气可以改善ALI/ARDS患者的28 d病死率和气压伤发生率,单独高PEEP的作用需要进一步评价.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of high and low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels on prognosis of patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Methods The data in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CBM and CNKI were retrieved. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment of ALI/ARDS with PEEP with high or low level were included. Study selection and assessment, data collection and analyses were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were done using Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.Results Six RCTs, involving a total of 2 484 patients of ALI/ARDS were included in the review. According to ventilation strategy, all trials were divided into subgroup A (high PEEP+low tidal volume of 6 ml/kg vs.low PEEP+low tidal volume) and subgroup B (high PEEP+low tidal volume vs. low PEEP+traditional tidal volume). In subgroup B, there were three RCTs, and high PEEP was found to be associated with a lower 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR)=0. 40, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.22 -0.72, P=0.003]and a lower barotraumas (OR = 0.20,95%CI 0.05 - 0.82, P = 0.02) in patients with ALI/ARDS. In subgroup A, there were three RCTs, and it was found that the differences in 28-day mortality (OR=0.86,95%CI 0.72 - 1.02, P = 0.08) and barotraumas (OR = 1.19, 95%CI 0.89 - 1.58, P= 0.25) were not significant. Conclusion As compared with conventional ventilation, high PEEP and low tidal volume ventilation are associated with improved survival and a lower rate of barotrauma in patients with ALI/ARDS.It is necessary to further confirm the role of high PEEP only in the ventilation strategy in patients with ALI/ARDS.     

Lung-protective ventilation strategies in neonatology: what do we know--what do we need to know?

OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating various lung-protective ventilation modes or strategies in newborn infants have failed to show clear differences in mortality or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This review tries to identify possible reasons for this observation, applying modern concepts on ventilator-induced lung injury and lung-protective ventilation. DATA SOURCE: Published RCTs and systematic reviews on mechanical ventilation in newborn infants were identified by searching PubMed and the Cochrane Library. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 16 RCTs and four systematic reviews comparing high-frequency ventilation with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) failed to show consistent differences in mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Unfortunately, clear information or data on ventilation and oxygenation targets in the search for optimal lung volumes during high-frequency ventilation or CMV is lacking in many RCTs, questioning the validity of the results and the meta-analytic subgroup analysis. Based on improvement in oxygenation, only three RCTs successfully applied the optimal lung volume strategy during high-frequency ventilation. A total of 24 RCTs and three systematic reviews comparing various CMV modes and settings and two RCTs investigating permissive hypercapnia reported no differences in mortality or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the intervention arms in these RCTs did not differ in tidal volume or positive end-expiratory pressures, variables that are considered important determinants in ventilator-induced lung injury. In fact, no RCT in newborn infants has substantiated so far the experimental finding that avoiding large tidal volumes and low positive end-expiratory pressure during CMV is lung protective in newborn infants. CONCLUSION: RCTs investigating lung-protective ventilation in neonates have mainly focused on comparing high-frequency ventilation with CMV. Most of these RCTs show weaknesses in the design, which may explain the inconsistent effect of high-frequency ventilation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RCTs on CMV only focused on comparing various modes and settings, leaving the important question whether reducing tidal volume or increasing positive end-expiratory pressure is also lung protective in newborn infants unanswered.     

气管切开时机对长期机械通气患者影响的Meta分析

目的 评价早期气管切开和延迟气管切开对长期机械通气(prolonged mechanical ventilation,PMV)患者.方法 计算机检索Ovide MEDLINE(1966-2006.07)、EMBASE(1980-2006.07)、Cechrane Database(2006年第2期)、中国Cochrane中心临床对照试验资料数据库,中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(1978-2006.07).手工检索初步入选文献的全文和参考文献中所列的相关文献和杂志、学术会议论文集、学位论文汇编.收集国内外关于不同气管切开时机对PMV患者影响的随机和半随机对照试验,并进行方法学质量评价,用RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共检索到随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs)4个,病例286例;半随机对照实验(quasi-RCTs)1个,病例106例.合并结果显示,早期气管切开可以降低PMV患者的死亡率[RR 0.69,95%CI(0.51,0.95)],减少机械通气(mechanical ventilation,MY)时间[WMD-8.49,95%CI(-15.32,-1.66)]和ICU住院时间[WMD-15.33,95%CI(-24.58,-6.08)],但对医院获得性肺炎的发病率无显著影响[RR0.91,95%CI(0.70,1.18].结论 现有证据表明,早期气管切开可以降低PMV患者的死亡率,减少MV时间和ICU住院时间,但对医院获得性肺炎的发病率没有显著影响.     

Effects of interventions on survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome: an umbrella review of 159 published randomized trials and 29 meta-analyses

Purpose

Multiple interventions have been tested in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined the entire agenda of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in ARDS that reported on mortality and of respective meta-analyses.

Methods

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge until July 2013. We included RCTs in ARDS published in English. We excluded trials of newborns and children; and those on short-term interventions, ARDS prevention, or post-traumatic lung injury. We also reviewed all meta-analyses of RCTs in this field that addressed mortality. Treatment modalities were grouped in five categories: mechanical ventilation strategies and respiratory care, enteral or parenteral therapies, inhaled/intratracheal medications, nutritional support, and hemodynamic monitoring.

Results

We identified 159 published RCTs of which 93 had overall mortality reported (n = 20,671 patients)—44 trials (14,426 patients) reported mortality as a primary outcome. A statistically significant survival benefit was observed in eight trials (seven interventions) and two trials reported an adverse effect on survival. Among RCTs with more than 50 deaths in at least one treatment arm (n = 21), two showed a statistically significant mortality benefit of the intervention (lower tidal volumes and prone positioning), one showed a statistically significant mortality benefit only in adjusted analyses (cisatracurium), and one (high-frequency oscillatory ventilation) showed a significant detrimental effect. Across 29 meta-analyses, the most consistent evidence was seen for low tidal volumes and prone positioning in severe ARDS.

Conclusions

There is limited supportive evidence that specific interventions can decrease mortality in ARDS. While low tidal volumes and prone positioning in severe ARDS seem effective, most sporadic findings of interventions suggesting reduced mortality are not corroborated consistently in large-scale evidence including meta-analyses.     

俯卧位通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者影响的Meta分析

目的评价俯卧位通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrom,ARDS)患者的影响。方法计算机检索the Cochrane library、PubMed、Embase、Medline、Ovid、CBM、CNKI、维普数据库中截至2013年12月1日所有公开发表的关于ARDS患者俯卧位通气影响的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),并通过纳入文献的参考文献进行引证检索,纳入文献的质量由两名经过专业医学循证培训的医学生完成,对符合质量标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果共纳入12篇RCT,其中7个RCT的研究结果显示,俯卧位通气对患者氧合指数的提高有显著影响[OR=69.65,95%CI(37.13~102.7),P0.0001];另外8个研究结果表明,俯卧位通气对降低病死率有显著效果[OR=0.63,95%CI(0.51,0.78),P0.001]。结论俯卧位通气可以有效地改善ARDS患者的氧合指数,降低病死率。     

持续监测和控制人工气道气囊压力对机械通气患者呼吸机相关肺炎发生率影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价机械通气患者持续或间断监测和控制人工气道气囊压力对呼吸机相关肺炎（VAP）发生率的影响。 方法计算机检索PubMed、Medline、EMbase、OVID、Cochrane、CNKI中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据库中关于持续监测和控制人工气道气囊压力（干预组）及间断监测和控制人工气道气囊压力（常规组）对机械通气患者VAP发生率影响的随机对照研究,检索时间为2006年1月到2015年12月。由2名研究者按照纳入及排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评估后,采用Revman 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入6篇文献,机械通气患者1 263例,其中进行持续监测和控制人工气道气囊压力的干预组机械通气患者654例,进行间断监测和控制人工气道气囊压力的常规组机械通气患者609例。Meta分析结果显示,干预组患者VAP发生率较常规组明显降低[OR = 0.43,95%CI（0.31,0.60）,Z = 5.53,P< 0.05]。但干预组患者ICU病死率较常规组未明显降低,两组比较差异没有统计学意义[OR = 1.02,95%CI（0.71,1.46）,Z = 0.36,P> 0.05]。 结论对机械通气患者进行持续监测和控制人工气道气囊压力可以降低VAP发生率,但对ICU病死率没有明显影响。     

粒细胞-单核细胞集落刺激因子治疗脓毒症疗效的系统评价

目的 系统评价粒细胞-单核细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)治疗脓毒症的有效性和安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed(1966年至2009年10月)、EMbase(1974年至2009年10月)、Cochrane临床试验数据库(2009年第4期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM,1978年至2009年10月)、维普(VIP,1989年至2009年10月)、中国期刊网全文数据库(CNKI,1994年至2009年10月)、万方数据库(1997年至2009年10月)纳入的所有有关GM-CSF治疗脓毒症的临床随机对照试验(RCT),根据Cochrane评价手册5.0质量评价标准评价纳入文献的质量,并用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行荟萃分析(Meta分析).结果 最终纳入4个研究154例患者.Meta分析结果显示:与常规综合支持治疗(常规组)相比,GM-CSF在治疗脓毒症28 d病死率方面差异无统计学意义[相对危险度(RR)=0.63,95%可信区间(95%CI)0.27～1.45,P=0.28],在不良事件发生率方面差异亦无统计学意义(RR=0.89,95%CI 0.34～2.33,P=0.82).描述性结果显示:GM-CSF治疗脓毒症能够改善免疫抑制,减少感染并发症,缩短机械通气时间;但两组医院及重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间、感染相关器官功能衰竭评分系统(SOFA)评分均无明显差异.结论 现有临床证据表明:GM-CSF辅助治疗脓毒症较常规治疗可以改善免疫抑制,减少感染并发症,缩短机械通气时间;但对病死率、不良事件发生率、医院及ICU停留时间、SOFA评分无明显影响.     

Safety and efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma: a systematic review

Introduction

This systematic review looks at the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), inclusive of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPAP), in patients with chest trauma to determine its safety and clinical efficacy in patients with blunt chest trauma who are at high risk of acute lung injury (ALI) and respiratory failure.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. Pairs of reviewers abstracted relevant clinical data and assessed the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the Cochrane domain and observational studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

Nine studies were included (three RCTs, two retrospective cohort studies and four observational studies without a comparison group). There was significant heterogeneity among the included studies regarding the severity of injuries, degree of hypoxemia and timing of enrollment. One RCT of moderate quality assessed the use of NPPV early in the disease process before the development of respiratory distress. All others evaluated the use of NPPV and CPAP in patients with blunt chest trauma after the development of respiratory distress. Overall, up to 18% of patients enrolled in the NIV group needed intubation. The duration of NIV use was highly variable, but NIV use itself was not associated with significant morbidity or mortality. Four low-quality observational studies compared NIV to invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with respiratory distress and showed decreased ICU stay (5.3 to 16 days vs 9.5 to 15 days), complications (0% to 18% vs 38% to 49%) and mortality (0% to 9% vs 6% to 50%) in the NIV group.

Conclusions

Early use of NIV in appropriately identified patients with chest trauma and without respiratory distress may prevent intubation and decrease complications and ICU length of stay. Use of NIV to prevent intubation in patients with chest trauma who have ALI associated with respiratory distress remains controversial because of the lack of good-quality data.     

An updated study-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on proning in ARDS and acute lung injury

Introduction  

In patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed a consistent trend of mortality reduction with prone ventilation. We updated a meta-analysis on this topic.