郴州市健康体检人群血脂水平分析与参考范围研究

目的了解郴州市健康体检人群血脂水平现状及该地区血脂参考范围。方法应用西门子1800全自动生化分析仪检测郴州市8 502例成人空腹血脂水平。血脂指标包括TG、CHOL、HDL和LDL,并比较不同性别和年龄组间血脂水平差别。结果 55岁以下男、女组间比较,CHOL、HDL、TG、LDL差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,55岁以上男、女组间比较,CHOL、HDL、LDL差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,TG差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。男性55岁以上组与55岁以下组比较分析,CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;女性体检者55岁以上组与55岁以下组比较分析,CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。血脂参考范围分别为：1）男性55岁以下组血脂四项水平为：CHOL 3.44~7.12 mmol/L,TG0.66~5.60 mmol/L,HDL0.86~1.95 mmol/L,LDL1.31~4.21 mmol/L。2）男性55岁以上组血脂四项水平为：CHOL3.38~7.34 mmol/L,TG0.67~5.08 mmol/L,HDL0.88~2.09 mmol/L,LDL1.29~4.47mmol/L。3）女性55岁以下组血脂四项水平为：CHOL 3.26~6.91 mmol/L,TG0.51~3.72 mmol/L,HDL0.96~2.32mmol/L,LDL1.19~4.06 mmol/L。4）女性55岁以上组血脂四项水平为：CHOL3.69~7.88 mmol/L,TG 0.67~4.26mmol/L,HDL0.93~2.31 mmol/L,LDL1.37~4.74 mmol/L。结论血脂水平与性别、年龄相关,郴州市成人血脂水平部分指标参考范围与全国合适水平有差异,可为该地区血脂异常防治工作提供依据。     

No effect of a low dose of metformin on the lipid profile,body mass index and weight gain in pregnant women with obesity: A randomized trial

ObjectiveEvaluate the lipid profile, Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight gain of pregnant women with obesity and the effect of a low dose (1000 mg/day) of metformin hydrochloride on these parameters.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was performed from October 31th, 2014 to January 25th, 2018 with pregnant women diagnosed with obesity by arrival BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m². The participants were randomized into two groups: metformin and control. All pregnant women received standard prenatal follow-up and the same instructions of diet and physical exercise. Laboratory tests were performed at three different times: first moment with gestational age (GA) < 20 weeks, second (GA 24−28 weeks) and third (GA 32–34 weeks) measuring maternal serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) as well as weight gain and BMI were monitored.ResultsA total of 424 pregnant women with obesity were evaluated. Of these, 218 (51.41%) composed the control group and 206 (48.59%) the metformin group. There was no difference of lipid profile, BMI and weight gain values between groups during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd evaluation moments. A significant difference was observed, only in the BMI, HDL and TG values from 1st to 3rd evaluation moments.ConclusionLow dose (1000 mg/day) of the drug showed no effect on the lipid profile, BMI and weight gain in pregnant women with obesity in metformin group during the evaluation moments.     

Effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESColitis is a serious health problem, and chronic obesity is associated with the progression of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet (HFD, 45%) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2% w/v)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice.MATERIALS/METHODSBody weight, colon length, and colon weight-to-length ratio, were measured directly. Serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using commercial kits. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were detected using a commercial ELISA kit. Histological study was performed using a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay. Colonic mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by RT-PCR assay.RESULTSBody weight and obesity-related biomarkers (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin) were regulated and obesity was prevented in NRM treated mice. NRM significantly suppressed colon shortening and reduced colon weight-to-length ratio in HFD+DSS induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice (P < 0.05). Histological observations suggested that NRM reduced edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by HFD and DSS. In addition, NRM decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibited the mRNA expressions of these cytokines, and iNOS and COX-2 in colon mucosa (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that NRM has an anti-inflammatory effect against HFD and DSS-induced colitis in mice, and that these effects are due to the amelioration of HFD and/or DSS-induced inflammatory reactions.     

Weight Loss is Correlated with an Improved Lipoprotein Profile in Obese Postmenopausal Women

Background: Changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein distributions that occur after menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, especially in those who are overweight.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nine-month weight reduction program on plasma lipids, dietary intake and abdominal fat obesity.

Design: A partial crossover design was used to study a weight loss treatment consisting of Phentermine hydrochloride (Fastin®, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) therapy plus a low energy diet (5040 kJ/d). Forty-seven obese, postmenopausal Caucasian women (BMI of 30–38 kg/m²) were randomized into two groups, both of which received drug and diet treatment over six months. However, Group I started the intervention program three months later than Group II. Plasma total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol were measured, body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and food frequency records were collected at four timepoints.

Results: Over nine months, women in Group II reduced body weight (14.4%), lowered plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol (14% to 26%) and triacylglycerol (15%) and raised plasma HDL cholesterol concentration (15%). These plasma lipid changes decreased the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio from 4.3 to 3.2. All subjects decreased abdominal fat measurements and energy and cholesterol intakes, as well as percentage of energy derived from total and saturated fat during the study. Most subjects also increased dietary fiber consumption.

Conclusion: Both weight loss and diet modifications are associated with an improved plasma lipid profile in obese postmenopausal women.     

Metabolic syndrome and renal failure: similarities and differences

The metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share many similar risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Both are associated with increased triglyceride (TG) levels, both associated with increased small dense low density lipoprotein (LDL), both with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In both cases HDL particle size is reduced. The TG content of HDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and remnants are increased, resulting in a dyslipidemia. Both are associated with increased inflammation, a hypercoagulable state and insulin resistance. Establishing whether these similarities are the result of identical biological processes or instead represent similar end results of different processes is further confounded by the associated both of adiposity and of MS with the incidence and progression of renal failure. Differences are present however. In MS hepatic VLDL synthesis is increased driven by increased flux of free fatty acids from muscle, adipose tissue and gut to the liver. VLDL is catabolized to LDL and the transfer of TG to HDL by cholesterol ester transfer protein destabilizes HDL leading to its rapid clearance. In CKD HDL fails to mature due to reduced activity of lecithin cholesterol transfer protein. In MS inflammation primarily arises from increased visceral adipose tissue, while inflammation is largely unrelated to body composition in CKD. Increased production of TG rich lipoproteins predominates in MS, while decreased disposal of TG rich proteins predominates as the cause of increased TG levels in CKD. Whether treatment of elements of MS, with the exception of hypertension, will avoid the onset and progression of renal failure is unknown.     

Lipid Responses to a Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement in Men and Women with Below Average Levels of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objective: To assess fasting lipid responses to a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement in men and women with below-average levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial included 57 subjects, 21–80 years of age, with fasting HDL cholesterol concentrations ≤44 mg/dL (men) and ≤54 mg/dL (women), but ≥35 mg/dL. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 1.52 g/day DHA from capsules containing DHA-rich algal triglycerides or olive oil (control) for six weeks.

Results: There were no significant differences between groups in baseline lipid values. The DHA supplemented group showed significant changes [?43 (DHA) vs. ?14 (controls) mg/dL, p = 0.015] and percent changes [?21% (DHA) vs. ?7% (controls), p = 0.009] in triglycerides, total (12 vs. 3 mg/dL; p = 0.021 and 6% vs. 2%; p = 0.018) and low-density lipoprotein (17 vs. 3 mg/dL; p = 0.001 and 12% vs. 3%; p = 0.001) cholesterol concentrations, and in the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (?1.33 vs. ?0.50, p = 0.010), compared with controls. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of LDL cholesterol carried by small, dense particles in the DHA supplemented group (changes = ?10% vs. ?3%, p = 0.025).

Conclusions: Supplementation with 1.52 g/d of DHA in men and women with below-average HDL cholesterol concentrations raised the LDL cholesterol level, but had favorable effects on triglycerides, the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio and the fraction of LDL cholesterol carried by small, dense particles. Further research is warranted to evaluate the net impact of these alterations on cardiovascular risk.     

Association between Adipose Tissue Depots and Dyslipidemia: The KORA-MRI Population-Based Study

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), however, whether adipose tissue relates to dyslipidemia, and consequently to cardiovascular events remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the association of adipose tissue with circulating lipoproteins and triglycerides (TG) in subjects without CVD. 384 participants from the KORA-MRI study (mean age 56.2 ± 9.2 years; 41.9% female) underwent whole-body 3T-MRI. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) derived from T1-DIXON-sequence using a semi-automatic algorithm. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and TG were measured. Linear regression was applied to examine the relationships between adipose tissue, circulating lipoproteins, and TG, adjusting for risk factors. VAT was associated with total cholesterol (per SD increase) (ß = 0.39, p < 0.001). Total adipose tissue (TAT) and VAT were inversely associated with HDL (ß = −0.09, p = 0.009; ß = −0.14, p < 0.001), and positively associated with LDL (ß = 0.32, p < 0.001; ß = 0.37, p < 0.001). All adipose tissues were associated with TG (ß = 0.20, p < 0.001; ß = 0.27, p < 0.001; ß = 0.11, p = 0.004). Stratified analysis by sex and body mass index (BMI) was confirmatory in women and in individuals with BMI < 30. Our results suggest that adipose tissue plays an important role in increasing CVD risk independent of BMI, whereas gender imbalance may be explained by accurate characterization and quantification of adipose tissue.     

Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Distribution Pattern and Adiposity-Associated Dyslipidemia in Postmenopausal Women

Objective: A predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (subclass pattern B) is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease and is characterized by elevated triglycerides and depressed high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. The present analysis was undertaken to assess the impact of LDL subclass distribution pattern and adiposity on serum lipids in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements and fasting lipid data were obtained from 254 postmenopausal women 70 years of age or younger, not receiving sex hormone replacement, who were participating in a clinical trial designed to assess the influence of hormone replacement regimens on coronary heart disease risk markers.

Results: The prevalence of LDL subclass pattern B was 32%. Triglyceride levels were higher and HDL cholesterol lower (both p<0.001) in women with pattern B vs. pattern A, but total and LDL cholesterol levels did not differ. LDL subclass pattern contributed independently to the variance in HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) and log_e triglyceride (p<0.001) concentrations explained by anthropometric variables (waist circumference or body mass index). Compared to women with LDL subclass pattern A and waist circumference below the median value of 83.0 centimeters, those with pattern B and waist ≥83.0 centimeters had markedly lower HDL cholesterol levels [44.0 (41.6–47.4) vs. 57.2 (54.1–60.3) mg/dL, mean (95% CI)] and increased triglyceride concentrations [geometric mean 147.8 (131.6–165.7) vs. 95.4 (88.2–102.5) mg/dL].

Conclusions: These data suggest that adiposity and LDL subclass distribution pattern are independent determinants of plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations in postmenopausal women.     

男性教职工血压血糖血脂与BMI关系

目的了解高校男性教职工的血压(BP)、血糖(GLU)和血脂水平以及其与年龄和体质指数(BMI)的关系。方法对某高校1 833名男性教职工进行BMI、血压、GLU、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)检测,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果研究对象中肥胖患者有945例,占51.55%;高血压患者有491例,占26.79%;糖尿病患者有91例,占4.94%;高血脂患者有610例,占33.28%;BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、GLU、TC、TG随年龄的增长而明显升高(P0.05),HDL变化趋势不明显;肥胖组人群SBP、DBP、GLU、TC、TG均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而正常组人群HDL明显高于肥胖组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肥胖在高校教职工中常见,是引起高血压、高血糖、高脂血症的因素之一,应在高校教职工中控制肥胖。     

不同体重指数和腰臀比与血糖、血脂、血压的关系

[目的]探讨重庆地区成人不同体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）与血糖、血脂、血压的关系及其与心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性。[方法]选择重庆市两社区中老年人群2883例,根据世界卫生组织推荐的成人超重与肥胖标准,对BMI和WHR与血糖、血压和血脂的关系进行了统计分析。[结果]超重及肥胖总检出率35.73%,腹型肥胖率31.84%。随BMI升高,空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯（TG）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）平均水平逐渐升高,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）明显降低;且糖尿病、高血压、高TG、低HDL检出率亦升高。超重和肥胖人群高血糖、高血压、高TG和HDL降低的危险性分别为正常人群的1.70、1.87、2.99、2.29倍。与正常组比较,超重与肥胖人群有任意1、2、3、4种危险因素时的危险性分别是2.15、3.84、6.23和24.90。[结论]超重与肥胖增加成人心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性以及获得多个心血管疾病的危险性。控制超重和肥胖对心血管疾病的防治具有重要意义。     

Lipoprotein profiles,not anthropometric measures,correlate with serum lipoprotein(a) values in children: the Taipei children heart study

Objectives: Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of anthropometric measures, lipids and lipoprotein profiles and serum Lp(a) values among children in Taiwan. We will attempt to find parameters that will be able to predict Lp(a) levels in children. Design and methods: After a probability-proportional-to size, multi-stages sampling procedure, we randomly sampled 1500 schoolchildren from 10 schools in Taipei city. Anthropometric measures including body weight, body height, waist and hip circumference and skinfolds were measured. We used standard methods to measure serum total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and B (ApoA1 and ApoB) and Lp(a) levels. We also calculated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and CHOL/HDL-C ratio (TCHR) by formula. Results: We sampled 1283 children (635 boys and 648 girls) with a mean age of 13.3 years (from 12 to 16 years) in this study. The mean and medium serum Lp(a) levels were 16.8 and 8.8 mg/dl among boys and 20.8 and 11.9 mg/dl among girls. Children in the highest quintile of Lp(a) (mean = 49.6 and 58.6 mg/dl for boys and girls, respectively) had higher CHOL, LDL-C, ApoB levels and TCHR than children in the lowest quintile (mean = 3.1 and 3.7 mg/dl for boys and girls, respectively). Lipids and lipoprotein profiles, such as CHOL, LDL-C, Apo-B and TCHR were positively correlated with Lp(a) levels in both genders. Furthermore, the children with Lp(a) levels greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl had higher CHOL, LDL-C and Apo-B levels when compared to children with Lp(a) levels less than 30 mg/dl. After adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, puberty development and heart rates, LDL-C and ApoB levels were significantly positively associated with Lp(a) levels while ApoA1 was negatively associated among boys. Among girls, only Apo-B was significantly positively associated with Lp(a) and TG was negatively associated with Lp(a) levels. Most importantly, none of the anthropometric measures were significantly correlated with Lp(a) levels. Conclusions: From this study, we found that lipids and lipoproteins profiles, rather than degree of adiposity as reflected by anthropometric measures, are significantly associated with serum Lp(a) levels among school children.     

Simvastatin further enhances the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein in rabbits.

The effects of three dietary proteins (casein, cod, soy) and low dose simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on serum lipids were investigated.

New Zealand rabbits were fed purified diet (20% protein, 11% fat and 0.06% cholesterol) for 28 days. Animals received either 1.4 mg simvastatin or placebo orally during the last 14 days. A randomized 3 × 2 factorial design was used for the administration of diet and drug treatments.

Mean food intake and body weight of the animals in all groups were similar. In placebo groups, soy protein decreased (p = 0.06) total cholesterolemia with significantly (p = 0.009) lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and significantly (p = 0.004) higher very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides (TG), compared to animal proteins. Addition of low dose simvastatin to soy protein induced a further decrease of serum total cholesterol, decreased VLDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and LDL (apolipoprotein B), as well as improved VLDL-TG and HDL cholesterol levels. No similar reduction was seen when simvastatin was combined with casein or cod protein.

These results show that low dose simvastatin may enhance the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein compared to animal proteins in the rabbit.     

Relationship between plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles among school children in Taiwan--the Taipei Children Heart Study

Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived of gene product, is important in energy metabolism. However, the role of leptin in the metabolism of lipids is still not clear in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of plasma leptin concentrations and lipid profiles among school children in Taiwan. After multistage sampling of 85 junior high schools in Taipei, we randomly selected 1264 children (617 boys and 647 girls) aged 12–16 years for this study. We measured the anthropometric variables, lifestyle factors and biochemical parameters among these children. Anthropometric measurements included body height (BH) and weight (BW) and we calculated body mass index (BMI) as the ratio of the BW to the square of the BH, expressed in kg/m². Plasma leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. We also measured lipid profiles including serum total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, and calculated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and CHOL to HDL-C ratio (TCHR). Girls had higher leptin, CHOL, TG, HDL-C, (LDL-C), Apo-A1, Apo-B, and Lp(a) levels and lower BMI than boys did. Plasma leptin concentrations were significantly positively correlated with TG, LDL-C, and Apo-B, but negatively with HDL-C and Apo-A1 in both the genders. Children with higher plasma leptin levels (>75th percentiles) have significantly higher TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TCHR, and Apo-B than those with relatively lower leptin levels. In multivariate regression analyses, the association between plasma leptin level and lipid profiles (such as CHOL, TG, and Apo-B) were still significant (p < 0.05) even after adjusting for BMI among boys. However, this association became attenuated and insignificant among girls. Finally, in the model that included the standard covariates, plasma leptin was the most predictive of CHOL, TG and Apo-B levels among those school children in Taiwan. Our results suggest that plasma leptin and BMI were independently associated with the lipids and lipoprotein profiles among Taiwanese Children. In both genders, children in the top 25% of the leptin distribution have more adverse lipid and lipoprotein profiles.     

The Effect of Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Weight Loss and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The rise in obesity has emphasised a focus on lifestyle and dietary habits. We aimed to address the debate between low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets and compare their effects on body weight, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides in an adult population. Method: Medline and Web of Science were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets up to September 2019. Three independent reviewers extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. The meta-analysis was stratified by follow-up time using the random-effects models. Results: This meta-analysis of 38 studies assessed a total of 6499 adults. At 6–12 months, pooled analyses of mean differences of low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets favoured the low-carbohydrate diet for average weight change (mean difference −1.30 kg; 95% CI −2.02 to −0.57), HDL (0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.08), and triglycerides (TG) (−0.10 mmol/L; −0.16 to −0.04), and favoured the low-fat diet for LDL (0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.12) and total cholesterol (0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.18). Conclusion and Relevance: This meta-analysis suggests that low-carbohydrate diets are effective at improving weight loss, HDL and TG lipid profiles. However, this must be balanced with potential consequences of raised LDL and total cholesterol in the long-term.     

The Ameliorative Effect and Mechanisms of Ruditapes philippinarum Bioactive Peptides on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice

In this study, bioactive peptides (RBPs) from Ruditapes philippinarum were prepared by fermentation with Bacillus natto and the effect and mechanisms of RBPs on obesity and hyperlipidemia were explored in mice. We found that RBPs significantly reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, accumulation of hepatic lipids, and serum levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Mechanistic studies showed that RBPs up-regulated the hepatic expression of genes related to lipolysis, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), and down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which is related to lipid synthesis. In addition, RBPs could attenuate obesity and hyperlipidemia by regulating disordered gut microbiota composition, such as increasing the abundance of microflora related to the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceas_UCG_001, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Odoribacter) and controlling those related to intestinal inflammation (reduced abundance of Deferribacteres and increased abundance of Alistipes and ASF356) to exert anti-obesity and lipid-lowering activities. Our findings laid the foundation for the development and utilization of RBPs as a functional food to ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia.     

Effects of obesity and body fat distribution on lipids and lipoproteins in nondiabetic American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between obesity and lipoprotein profiles and compare the effects of total obesity and central adiposity on lipids/lipoproteins in American Indians. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants were 773 nondiabetic American Indian women and 739 men aged 45 to 74 years participating in the Strong Heart Study. Total obesity was estimated using body mass index (BMI). Central obesity was measured as waist circumference. Lipoprotein measures included triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Partial and canonical correlation analyses were used to examine the associations between obesity and lipids/ lipoproteins. RESULTS: Women were more obese than men in Arizona (median BMI 32.1 vs. 29.2 kg/m2) and South Dakota and North Dakota (28.3 vs. 28.0 kg/m2), but there was no sex difference in waist circumference. Men had higher apoB and lower apoAI levels than did women. In women, when adjusted for center, gender, and age, BMI was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.24, p < 0.001). There was a significant but weak relation with apoAI (r = -0.14, p < 0.001). Waist circumference was positively related to triglycerides (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) and negatively related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.23, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.13, p < 0.001). In men, BMI was positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.23, p < 0.001). Triglycerides increased with waist circumference (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol decreased with waist circumference (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). In both women and men there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between obesity and waist with LDL cholesterol and apoB. In canonical correlation analysis, waist circumference received a greater weight (0.86) than did BMI (0.17) in women. However, the canonical weights were similar for waist (0.46) and BMI (0.56) in men. Only HDL cholesterol (-1.02) carried greater weight in women, whereas in men, triglycerides (0.50), and HDL cholesterol (-0.64) carried a large amount of weight. All the correlation coefficients between BMI, waist circumference, and the first canonical variable of lipids/lipoproteins or between the individual lipid/lipoprotein variables and the first canonical variable of obesity were smaller in women than in men. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol showed clinically meaningful changes with BMI and waist circumference in men. All lipid/lipoprotein changes in women in relation to BMI and waist circumference were minimal. DISCUSSION: The main lipoprotein abnormality related to obesity in American Indians was decreased HDL cholesterol, especially in men. Central adiposity was more associated with abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profiles than general obesity in women; both were equally important in men.     

Prevention of high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in male wistar rats by aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica seed

Tamarindus indica is used as a traditional treatment for diabetes. To elucidate whether Tamarindus indica seed aqueous extract (TSE) ameliorates metabolic syndrome in hyperinsulinemic rats, we evaluated serum insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels in fructose-fed rats. Animals were divided into three groups; control (C) receiving tap water, fructose-fed (F) and TSE-treated fructose-fed rats (F-T) both receiving tap water supplemented with 10% (w/v) fructose. Water was prepared every day for a period of 8 weeks for all three groups. F-T rats were fed with TSE via gavage feeding at the dose of 20 mg/0.5 ml distilled water/100 g body weight per day. Fasting serum glucose levels of three groups were comparable. TSE treatment prevented the increase in fasting serum insulin, TG, TC, VLDL, and LDL in the F-T group (P<0.01) when comparing with the F group. Fructose feeding led to a decrease in fasting serum DHEAS, and HDL levels in the F group (P<0.01) compared with the control. TSE treatment prevented the decrease in fasting serum DHEAS, and HDL levels in the F-T group (P<0.01) while these results were not seen in control rats. It is indicated that the hyperinsulinemia in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats are associated with low levels of DHEAS, and HDL; and high levels of TC, VLDL, LDL, and TG. TSE supplementation probably ameliorates metabolic syndrome due to the improved insulin action.     

有氧及复合运动对单纯性肥胖青少年身体形态和生化指标影响

评价有氧运动及复合运动方式对改善单纯性肥胖青少年体脂和血液生化指标的影响,为指导肥胖学生科学有效地控制体重提供参考.方法 将43名参加2015年暑期江苏某减肥夏令营的肥胖或超重青少年随机分为有氧运动组(22名)和有氧运动结合核心力量训练的复合运动组(21名),进行为期6周的运动干预.分别在入营后和出营前进行体重、体脂率、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、大腿围等形态指标和空腹血糖(GLU)、血清胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等血液生化指标测量.结果 经过6周2种运动干预,肥胖青少年的体成分和人体围度指标均下降,与运动前差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).复合运动组BMI、体脂率、腰围、臀围、大腿围、皮褶厚度的改善幅度均比有氧运动组高.6周的运动干预后,血脂、血糖和血清胰岛素的指标均有变化,且两组TC,LDL变化差异均有统计学意义(有氧运动t值分别为2.736,2.091;复合运动t值分别为2.574,2.991,P值均<0.05);复合运动组的血清胰岛素改善幅度比有氧运动组更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 有氧运动、复合运动干预均能有效改善肥胖青少年体脂和代谢指标.