血清B族维生素含量与癫痫相关性分析

目的 探讨B族维生素（B1、B6、B12）与癫痫发生的相关性.方法 选取2013年1至10月新诊断的癫痫患儿（均未服用抗癫痫药物）与非癫痫患儿各50例,应用LK3000V维生素检测仪分别检测各组血清B族维生素（B1、B6、B12）浓度.结果 癫痫患儿血清中维生素B1和B12的浓度分别为（132.81 ±7.31） nmol/L和（221.41±26.09） pg/ml,与非癫痫患儿血清中维生素B1和B12浓度[（130.44±5.12） nmol/L和（197.87±19.36） pg/ml]相比,差异无统计学意义（P=0.095,P=0.077）.癫痫患儿血清中维生素B6的浓度为（44.61 ±2.49） μmol/L,显著低于非癫痫患儿的血清维生素B6浓度（64.63±5.71） μmol/L （P=0.031）.结论 血清维生素B1、B12含量与癫痫无相关性,而血清维生素B6含量低下可能增加癫痫发作的风险.     

婴儿微青春期维生素D水平与性腺功能的关系

目的探讨健康婴儿微青春期维生素D水平与性腺激素的关系。方法共100例婴儿纳入研究,其中男婴54例,女婴46例,在出生后30 d^45 d测定维生素D、LH、FSH、TT、E2、AMH和inhibin B水平。将所有婴儿分为维生素D缺乏(<10 ng/ml)、维生素D不足(10 ng/ml^20 ng/ml)和维生素D充足(>20 ng/ml)3组。分析维生素D水平与生殖激素的相关性。结果维生素缺乏组TT水平高于维生素充足组,差异有统计学意义[均值(0.51±0.31)ng/ml VS(0.27±0.22)ng/ml,P<0.05];而维生素D缺乏组的inhibin B则低于维生素充足组[均值:(21.1±15.62)pg/ml VS(53.36±39.36)pg/ml,P<0.05]。结论随机对照试验显示维生素D在微青春期对性腺激素的重要性。维生素D对微青春期女婴的TT和inhibin B有一定的作用,维生素D可能在生命早期对性腺功能有影响。     

微量元素钴在人体中生化功能的探讨

微量元素钴的生化功能主要是通过维生素B12 来表现的。维生素B12 是钴元素在人体形成的最重要的化合物 ,它以中心为Co3 + 一个修饰的卟啉环为其结构基础 ,通过双电子或单电子还原反应产生强亲核的含化合物Co(Ⅰ )。该化合物是组成一些氨基酸变位酶和核甘酸还原酶等的辅酶 ,它在生命科学中非常重要。     

Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation to Suckling Male Mice Improves Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Liver in Adulthood

Nicotinamide riboside, an NAD⁺ precursor, has been attracting a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential benefits against multiple metabolic complications and age-related disorders related to NAD⁺ decline in tissues. The metabolic programming activity of NR supplementation in early-life stages is much less known. Here, we studied the long-term programming effects of mild NR supplementation during the suckling period on lipid and oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver tissues using an animal model. Suckling male mice received a daily oral dose of NR or vehicle (water) from day 2 to 20 of age, were weaned at day 21 onto a chow diet, and at day 90 were distributed to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal-fat diet for 10 weeks. Compared to controls, NR-treated mice were protected against HFD-induced triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle and displayed lower triacylglycerol levels and steatosis degree in the liver and distinct capacities for fat oxidation and decreased lipogenesis in both tissues, paralleling signs of enhanced sirtuin 1 and AMP-dependent protein kinase signaling. These pre-clinical findings suggest that mild NR supplementation in early postnatal life beneficially impacts lipid and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver in adulthood, serving as a potential preventive strategy against obesity-related disorders characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation.     

叶酸、维生素B12对二甲双胍治疗的糖尿病患者血管功能的影响

目的 对二甲双胍治疗的2型糖尿病患者补充叶酸、维生素B12,探讨其对血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)及血管功能的影响.方法 100例新诊断的2型糖尿病患者按随机数字表法分为两组,每组50例,对照组给予口服二甲双胍250～500 mg,3次/d;治疗 组在二甲双胍治疗的同时,给予口服叶酸5 mg,3次/d;维生素B12500μg,3次/d;完成研究90例,其中对照组47例,治疗组43例.治疗前和治疗6个月后清晨空腹抽血测定血清Hcy、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平,同时检测颈动脉IMT、大动脉弹性指数(C1)、小动脉弹性指数(C2)和肱动脉血流介导的动脉舒张功能(FMD).结果 对照组治疗后血清Hcy升高[(13.4±2.7)μmol/L比(11.1±1.9) μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组治疗后血清Hcy降低[(9.2±1.8)μmol/L比(11.3土2.0)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后ET-1、FMD、颈动脉IMT及C2分别为(20.0±6.2) ng/L、( 15.8±7.6)％、(0.8±0.2) mm、(4.1±2.1) ml/mm Hg× 100(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),均较治疗前的(31.3±10.1) ng/L、(9.7±4.5)％、(1.1±0.4) mm、(2.3±1.0) ml/mm Hg×100有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);对照组治疗后ET-1、FMD、颈动脉IMT及C2分别为(24.8±6.8) ng/L、(12.9±6.3)％、(0.9±0.3 )mm、(3.0±1.4) ml/mm Hg×100,均较治疗前的(30.6±8.7) ng/L、(9.8±4.6)％、(1.0±0.3)mm、(2.2±0.9) ml/mm Hg×100有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但治疗组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).相关性分析表明,治疗组血清Hcy的变化与ET-1的变化、颈动脉IMT的变化呈正相关(r=0.43、0.56,P＜0.05),与FMD的变化、C2的变化呈负相关(r=-0.54、-0.37,P＜0.05).结论 补充叶酸、维生素B12能降低二甲双胍治疗的2型糖尿病患者的血清Hcy和ET-1水平,进一步改善患者FMD、颈动脉IMT及C2.     

Association of Homocysteine Levels With Blood Lead Levels and Micronutrients in the US General Population

Objectives

Even though several epidemiological studies have observed positive associations between blood lead levels and homocysteine, no study has examined whether this association differs by the levels of micronutrients, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. In this study, we examined the interactions between micronutrients and blood lead on homocysteine levels.

Methods

This study was performed with 4089 adults aged ≥20 years old in the US general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004.

Results

There were significant or marginally significant interactions between micronutrients and blood lead levels on mean homocysteine levels. Positive associations between blood lead and homocysteine were clearly observed among subjects with low levels of folate or low vitamin B6 (p-trend <0.01, respectively). However, in the case of vitamin B12, there was a stronger positive association between blood lead and homocysteine among subjects with high levels of vitamin B12, compared to those with low levels of vitamin B12. In fact, the levels of homocysteine were already high among subjects low in vitamin B12, irrespective of blood lead levels. When we used hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine>15 µmol/L) as the outcome, there were similar patterns of interaction, though p-values for each interaction failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

In the current study, the association between blood lead and homocysteine differed based on the levels of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 present in the blood. It may be important to keep sufficient levels of these micronutrients to prevent the possible harmful effects of lead exposure on homocysteine levels.     

高效液相色谱法测定五维葡钙口服溶液中维生素B_1、维生素B_2的含量

目的建立以高效液相色谱法测定五维葡钙口服溶液中维生素B1、维生素B2含量的方法。方法色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱(5μm,250mm×4.6mm)。流动相为0.005mol/L庚烷磺酸钠溶液(含0.5%冰醋酸和0.05%三乙胺)-甲醇(72∶28),柱温30℃,流速为1ml/min,检测波长为260nm,进样量20μl。结果维生素B1、维生素B2检测浓度的线性范围分别为7.82~23.97μg.mL-1(r=0.9996)、8.26~34.81μg.mL-1(r=0.9992);平均回收率分别为102.5%(RSD=0.6%)、99.4%(RSD=0.8%)。结论本方法简便准确、灵敏度高、结果可靠,可用于五维葡钙口服溶液中维生素B1、维生素B2的含量测定。     

B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly

Evidence of the importance of the B vitamins folic acid, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 for the well-being and normal function of the brain derives from data showing neurologic and psychologic dysfunction in vitamin deficiency states and in cases of congenital defects of one-carbon metabolism. The status of these vitamins is frequently inadequate in the elderly and recent studies have shown associations between loss of cognitive function or Alzheimer disease and inadequate B vitamin status. The question that arises is whether these B vitamin inadequacies contribute to such brain malfunctions or result from aging and disease. From a theoretical standpoint, these inadequacies could give rise to impairment of methylation reactions that are crucial to the health of brain tissue. In addition or perhaps instead, these inadequacies could result in hyperhomocysteinemia, a recently identified risk factor for occlusive vascular disease, stroke, and thrombosis, any of which may result in brain ischemia. Advances in the understanding of this putative relation between inadequate vitamin status and loss of cognitive function in the elderly are likely to be slow and may depend on the outcomes of both prospective studies and longitudinal studies in which nutritional intervention is provided before cognitive decline occurs.     

Neuroenhancement with Vitamin B12—Underestimated Neurological Significance

Vitamin B12 is a cofactor of methionine synthase in the synthesis of methionine, the precursor of the universal methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), which is involved in different epigenomic regulatory mechanisms and especially in brain development. A Vitamin B12 deficiency expresses itself by a wide variety of neurological manifestations such as paraesthesias, skin numbness, coordination disorders and reduced nerve conduction velocity. In elderly people, a latent Vitamin B12 deficiency can be associated with a progressive brain atrophy. Moderately elevated concentrations of homocysteine (>10 µmol/L) have been associated with an increased risk of dementia, notably Alzheimer’s disease, in many cross-sectional and prospective studies. Raised plasma concentrations of homocysteine is also associated with both regional and whole brain atrophy, not only in Alzheimer’s disease but also in healthy elderly people. Clinician awareness should be raised to accurately diagnose and treat early Vitamin B12 deficiency to prevent irreversible structural brain damage.     

Memory B cell response to a PCV-13 booster in 3.5 year old children primed with either PCV-7 or PCV-13

Pneumococcal protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines provide direct protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae through the induction of persistent anti-polysaccharide antibodies, and by priming for a rapid secondary antibody response. Memory B cells (B_MEM) generated during an initial immune response are responsible for both the more rapid and quantitatively greater secondary antibody response and are also thought to contribute to the ongoing production of plasma cells providing long-term antibody persistence. We recruited 3.5-year-old children who had participated in a previous clinical trial comparing infant immunization with either a 7-valent (PCV-7) or a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) to investigate whether prior priming with pneumococcal antigens influences B_MEM responses. Blood was taken before and 1 month after a PCV-13 booster. B_MEM were quantified using a cultured ELISpot assay for pneumococcal serotypes 1, 3, 4, 14, 19A, 23F, and with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid as controls, and then correlated with serotype-specific IgG concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers. In total, blood samples from 62 participants were available for analysis. Serotype-specific B_MEM frequencies were generally low at baseline (before boost) although for serotypes 14 and 3, they were significantly higher in children primed with PCV-13 than PCV-7 primed children. Following the PCV-13 booster, B_MEM frequencies increased and were not different between the groups for all serotypes. A strong inverse correlation was found between antibody concentrations and OPA titers at baseline and B_MEM following booster vaccination for serotype 3 but not for other serotypes suggesting that, for this serotype, pre-existing serotype-specific antibodies may inhibit B_MEM formation in response to vaccination.Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT01095471.     

Influenza vaccination-induced H3 stalk-reactive memory B-cell clone expansion

Current vaccine formulations elicit a recall immune response against viruses by targeting epitopes on the globular head of hemagglutinin (HA), and stalk-reactive antibodies are rarely found. However, stalk-specific memory B-cell expansion after influenza vaccination is poorly understood. In this study, B cells were isolated from individuals immunized with seasonal tetravalent influenza vaccines at days 0 and 28 for H7N9 stimulation in vitro. Plasma and supernatants were collected for the analysis of anti-HA IgG using ELISA and a Luminex assay. Memory B cells were positively enriched, and total RNA was extracted for B cell receptor (BCR) H-CDR3 sequencing. All subjects displayed increased anti-H3 antibody secretion after vaccination, whereas no increase in cH5/3-reactive IgG levels was detected. The number of shared memory B-cell clones among individuals dropped dramatically from 593 to 37. Four out of 5 subjects displayed enhanced frequencies of the VH3-23 and VH3-30 genes, and one exhibited an increase in the frequency of VH1-18, which are associated with the stalk of HA. An increase in H3 stalk-specific antibodies produced by B cells stimulated with H7N9 viruses was detected after vaccination. These results demonstrated that H3 stalk-specific memory B cells can expand and secrete antibodies that bind to the stalk in vitro, although no increase in serum H3 stalk-reactive antibodies was found after vaccination, indicating potential for developing a universal vaccine strategy.     

维生素E及其与维生素C和／或B2联用对小鼠免疫功能的影响

给雌性小鼠灌胃维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、ＶＥ＋维生素Ｃ（ＶＣ）（３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、ＶＥ＋ＶＣ＋维生素Ｂ２（ＶＢ２）（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ），每天１次，连续３０天，结果显示：维生素Ｅ明显增高了胸腺和脾脏重量，增高了脾细胞对伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（Ｔ细胞有丝分裂原）和脂多糖（Ｂ细胞有丝分袭原）的增殖反应，以及增高了天然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的毒性。ＶＥ与ＶＣ联用，小鼠胸腺重量明显大于仅给予ＶＥ组，但未观察到ＶＣ或ＶＢ２对ＶＥ的上述免疫增强效应有明显的协同作用。本研究还发现，联用ＶＢ２组脾脏重量明显低于仅用ＶＥ组，并且与对照组间无明显差别，其原因有待进一步研究     

Investigation of memory B cell responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in health care workers considered as non-responders to vaccination

Up to 20% of health care workers are considered as non-responders to hepatitis B vaccination (anti-HBs < 10 mUI/ml in serum). We have explored memory B cells differentiated in vitro into anti-HBs antibody-secreting cells (anti-HBs-SCs) by ELISPOT assay. Anti-HBs-SCs were detected in vaccinated responders (n = 11) and non-responders (n = 10) but IgG anti-HBs-SCs were significantly lower in the non-responder group (p < 0.001). Low amounts of HBs antibodies were also quantified by ELISA in non-responders’ sera. These results indicate that a suboptimal B cell response exists in non-responders to HBV vaccination. This B cell response may mediate a protection against clinically significant breakthrough hepatitis B infection.     

Nicotinamide Riboside and Dihydronicotinic Acid Riboside Synergistically Increase Intracellular NAD+ by Generating Dihydronicotinamide Riboside

Through evolution, eukaryote organisms have developed the ability to use different molecules as independent precursors to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), an essential molecule for life. However, whether these different precursors act in an additive or complementary manner is not truly well understood. Here, we have evaluated how combinations of different NAD⁺ precursors influence intracellular NAD⁺ levels. We identified dihydronicotinic acid riboside (NARH) as a new NAD⁺ precursor in hepatic cells. Second, we demonstrate how NARH, but not any other NAD⁺ precursor, can act synergistically with nicotinamide riboside (NR) to increase NAD⁺ levels in cultured cells and in mice. Finally, we demonstrate that the large increase in NAD⁺ prompted by the combination of these two precursors is due to their chemical interaction and conversion to dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH). Altogether, this work demonstrates for the first time that NARH can act as a NAD⁺ precursor in mammalian cells and how different NAD⁺ precursors can interact and influence each other when co-administered.     

补充叶酸及B族维生素对冠心病患者介入治疗后血管内皮功能的影响

目的 探讨在常规治疗基础上补充叶酸及B族维生素对冠心病患者介入治疗后血管内皮功能的改善作用.方法 选择冠状动脉介入治疗后的冠心病患者80例,在常规治疗基础上按照随机数字表法随机分为两组,对照组40例给予常规治疗,治疗组40例在常规治疗的基础上加服叶酸15 mg/d,维生素B_6 30 mg/d,维生素B_(12)75μg/d.随访6个月,观察两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,并以超声测定肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能(FMD)变化来评价血管内皮功能.结果 治疗组与对照组治疗后血浆Hcy分别为(8.62±3.51)、(12.96±4.62)μmol/L,较治疗前的(13.24±5.07)、(13.87±5.13)μmol/L均有下降,且治疗组下降更明显,与对照组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组FMD由治疗前(4.22±1.46)%增加至治疗后(8.74±1.51)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 常规治疗能明显改善冠心病患者介入治疗后的血管内皮功能,补充叶酸及B族维生素可以使患者在常规治疗基础上获益更多.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定元素多维片中5种水溶性维生素

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定多维元素片中烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B6、烟酰胺和维生素B2的方法。方法:Phenomenex C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱;柱温:35℃;流速:0.8 ml/min;检测波长:265 nm。结果:烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B6、烟酰胺和维生素B2的线性范围分别为6.15~393.76μg/ml、6.44~412.32μg/ml、6.85~438.24μg/ml、6.46~413.12μg/ml和3.26~52.15μg/ml。平均回收率分别为:烟酸104.8%、维生素B1 99.7%、维生素B6 95.3%、烟酰胺103.4%和维生素B296.9%。结论:本方法同时测定5种维生素,具有快速、简便、准确的特点。     

某集训部队维生素B2营养状况调查

目的了解集训部队维生素B2营养状况.方法采用5日称量法、生活观察法及4 h尿负荷试验调查部队膳食营养状况、热能消耗及机体维生素B2营养状况,并进行维生素B2缺乏症体征检查.结果(1)集训部队能量消耗最低为14.8 MJ,最高为16.1 MJ,平均为15.8 MJ,属重体力劳动.(2)集训部队能量摄入量为14.5 MJ、蛋白质摄入量为133.3 g、维生素B2摄入量为1.33 mg,达到标准要求的78.2%.(3)4 h尿负荷试验,维生素B2排出量为(715.9±523.2)μg,其中缺乏者占33.6%,不足者占38.5%,充足者占28.0%.(4)口角炎、唇炎舌炎、阴囊炎、脂溢性皮炎的检出率分别为10.5%、9.1%、1.4%、5.6%.结论集训部队官兵维生素B2营养状况不理想,应进一步调整膳食结构,适当增加富含维生素B2的食物或采用其它补给方法.     

一碳代谢营养素与糖尿病关系的流行病学研究进展

糖尿病在全世界广泛流行,我国糖尿病患者人数高居世界首位。但其病因和发病机制尚不明确,DNA甲基化作为糖尿病可能发病机制之一备受关注。一碳代谢营养素缺乏或过量均可影响一碳代谢,改变甲基供体可用性,干扰DNA甲基化模式,从而影响糖尿病的发生发展。本文对叶酸、胆碱、甜菜碱、维生素B 6、维生素B 12等一碳代谢营养素与糖尿病的流行病学研究进行综述,从新的视角为糖尿病的防治提供流行病学证据。     

叶酸、维生素B6、B12对脑缺血大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的研究叶酸、维生素B6（VB6）和B12（VB12）对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平和学习记忆能力的影响。方法sD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术组（Sham OP）、大脑中动脉闭塞模型组（MCAO）、大脑中动脉闭塞＋叶酸组（MCAO＋FA）和MCAO＋复合维生素（叶酸、VB6和VB12）组（MCAO＋CV）,补充前、后和缺血后分别检测大鼠血浆Hcy浓度,缺血后进行神经功能评分,测定学习记忆能力。结果大鼠脑缺血后血浆Hcy浓度MCAO＋FA组（6．92±1．04）μmol／L和MCAO＋CV组（5．49±1．00）μmol／L低于Sham OP组（9．33±1．11）μmol／L和MCAO组（10．90±2．03）μmol／L（P〈0．05）,且MCAO＋CV组低于MCAO＋FA组（P〈0．05）;神经功能缺失评分MCAO＋FA组（1．75±0．46）和MCAO＋CV组（1．38±0．52）以及Y型迷宫中受电击次数MCAO＋FA组（123．50±39．77）和MCAO＋CV组（86．25±21．39）低于MCAO组神经功能缺失评分（2．62±0．52）和电击次数（173．25±46．32）（P〈0．05）,而记忆正确次数MCAO＋CV组（3．75±0．42）高于MCAO组（2．12±0．45）（P〈0．05）。结论叶酸能降低脑缺血大鼠血浆Hcy浓度,增强脑缺血大鼠学习记忆能力,改善神经功能,且联合补充VB6和VB12优于单独补充叶酸。     

城乡孕妇同型半胱氨酸代谢与神经管畸形的相关性研究

通过比较城乡早孕妇女血清同型半胱氨酸（Ｈｃｙ）、叶酸和维生素Ｂ１２水平，探讨Ｈｃｙ代谢与神经管畸形城乡差异的关系。随机抽取北京地区早孕妇女血清库中４１１份血清（城市１９５份，乡村２１６份），用高效液相色谱结合电化学方法检测血清中Ｈｃｙ浓度，放射免疫方法检测叶酸和维生素Ｂ１２浓度。结果：乡村孕妇Ｈｃｙ平均水平明显高于城市，分别为９．３１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５．７３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ｂ１２水平则低于城市，分别为２１０．０９ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２３３．３５ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，叶酸水平虽高于城市，但叶酸缺乏率的差异不显著。乡村孕妇的叶酸／Ｈｃｙ和Ｂ１２／Ｈｃｙ值均显著低于城市孕妇。提示Ｈｃｙ代谢异常与乡村神经管畸形高发有关。