多重PCR对头颈部肿瘤中MTS1基因外显子2的检测分析

目的 为了解ＭＴＳ１基因变异在头颈部肿瘤发生发展中的作用。方法 采用多重ＰＣＲ技术扩增ＭＴＳ１基因外显子２。结果 本组ＭＴＳ１基因外显子２纯合子缺失的频率为３７．３％（１７／４５）,分化较好鳞癌ＭＴＳ１基因缺失频率３１．５％（６／１９）明显低于分化较差的鳞癌的５７．１％（８／１４）,但差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 本研究提示ＭＴＳ１基因变异与头颈部恶性肿瘤的发生发展有关。     

头颈部肿瘤中FHIT基因的研究

FHIT基因是人染色体 3p14 .2分离出来的一个新的候选抑癌基因 ,在多种肿瘤中都有异常改变。本文就FHIT基因在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展进行讨论     

头颈部肿瘤中FHIT基因的研究

FHIT基因是人染色体3p14.2分离出来的一个新的候选抑癌基因,在多种肿瘤中都有异常改变.本文就FHIT基因在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展进行讨论.     

头颈部肿瘤的基因治疗研究进展

基因治疗恶性肿瘤已从实验室走向临床试用阶段。目前国际上已批准的基因治疗方案１３０余项，其中７０％的方案是肿瘤基因治疗。头颈部肿瘤相对表浅、直观，且有区域淋巴结转移的特性，这为基因治疗的应用提供了天然的条件。近年文献报道由腺病毒介导的自杀基因治疗动物肿瘤模型的实验研究，为临床基因治疗头颈癌展示良好的应用前景。虽然人们已克隆出多种可用于肿瘤基因治疗的基因，但尚未找到一种临床应用后抗肿瘤效果非常显著的治疗性目的基因。这将有待于通过相关的研究，以期实现人类基因组研究计划发现和鉴定     

体外基因扩增法检测头颈部肿瘤中人乳头瘤病毒16型DNA

体外基因扩增法检测头颈部肿瘤中人乳头瘤病毒１６型ＤＮＡ刘学锋，赵文先，杨平，李铁军，汪说之，李华伟，杨强人乳头瘤病毒（ＨｕｍａｎＰａｐｉｌｌｏｍａｖｉｒｕｓｅｓ，ＨＰＶ）是一类ＤＮＡ肿瘤病毒。迄今为止，根据核酸杂交和酶谱分析已确定的ＨＰＶ型别达６０余...     

黑色素瘤抗原基因-A在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展

黑色素瘤抗原基因(MAGE)-A是黑色素瘤抗原基因家族中的成员,其表达产物是一种肿瘤相关抗原,其编码的抗原肽仅在肿瘤组织、睾丸及胎盘组织表达,与人白细胞抗原-Ⅰ类分子结合后被细胞毒性T淋巴细胞识别,从而特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞。本文对MAGE-A在头颈部肿瘤中的研究现状作一综述。     

头颈部肿瘤相关基因甲基化的研究现状

甲基化 (methylation)是重要的表观遗传学现象(epigeneticphenomena)。表观遗传学是相对于传统的遗传学 (genetic)所提出的概念。基因的遗传学改变是指基因的核苷酸序列发生变化 ,如缺失、插入、突变等 ,这些变化可引起基因的表达异常 ;而近 1 0年来 ,随着研究的深入 ,人们发现基因表达的改变可与基因内部的变化无关 ,这就是表观遗传学所研究的基因表达调控的问题。随着人类基因组计划的日趋完成 ,基因表达的调控已成为分子生物学的前沿课题。本文就甲基化及其在头颈部肿瘤中的研究现状进行综述。1　DNA甲基化的生物学意义DNA甲基化是真…     

非同位素PCR-SSCP-EB染色技术检测头颈部鳞癌p53基因点突变

应用非同位素ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ－ＥＢ染色技术检测新鲜头颈部鳞癌组织中ｐ５３基因点突变。结果显示１３例标本中７例有异常电泳带，其中位于第５外显子者１例，位于第６，７，８外显子者各２例，说明头颈部鳞癌的发生与ｐ５３基因突变有密切关系。与传统的同位素ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ相比，非同位素ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ－ＥＢ染色技术是一种更简便、安全、快速、有效的检测基因点突变的方法，适用于大量标本基因点突变的筛选性检测。     

头颈肿瘤细胞凋亡的基因调控

细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）与肿瘤的发生及抑制有密切联系,肿瘤的发生发展是由于细胞的增殖和凋亡失调而引起的,近来研究已开始关注肿瘤细胞抵抗凋亡能力增强的分子基础。细胞凋亡受系列基因及其表达产物的有序调控,几种调节凋亡的关键基因也已明确,这些基因包括...     

RASSF1A甲基化与头颈部肿瘤的研究进展

Ras相关区域家族1A(ras association domain family1Agene,RASSF1A)是2000年从3号染色体短臂上克隆出来新型肿瘤抑制基因,研究发现该基因的失活与多种肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切。经过广泛深入的研究,学者们发现CpG岛启动子高度甲基化是该基因失活的重要机制。     

Hypothyroidism after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer

AimHypothyroidism is not commonly considered as a complication of radiotherapy to the head and neck region. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in patients after radiotherapy, to compare thyroid hormone levels in irradiated patients with Control group and to predict development of thyroid hypofunction in time.Material and methodThyroid function was measured by means of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodthyronine (FT3) in 43 patients who had nonthyroid head–neck carcinomas treated by radiotherapy or radiotherapy in combination with other modalities. These data were compared with hormone levels of 40 Control group patients treated solely by surgery.ResultsHypothyroidism was found in 35% of irradiated patients. In comparison with Control group there were significant differences between TSH and FT4 levels, difference between FT3 levels was insignificant. A correlation between hormone levels and follow-up was detected.ConclusionOur results indicate that hypothyroidism is a frequent late side effect of radiotherapy to head and neck. Lifelong monitoring of thyroid function appears to be justified when radiotherapy is a part of treatment protocol.     

Internet use among head and neck cancer survivors in the North West of England

In general, use of the internet by patients in their healthcare is increasing. However, its use specifically among those with head and neck cancer in the UK has not been reported. The aims of this study were to report access to the internet by survivors of head and neck cancer, to indicate where it fits within their information sources, how they have used it, and how they might use it in future. A question on its use has been included in annual surveys of patients since 2006. Patient-reported access to the internet increased from 32% in 2006 to 54% in 2010. There were considerable differences in access by age; currently (2010) 83% of those under 55 years, and 40% of those aged 65-84 years. Binary logistic regression modelling involving age at survey (p<0.001), age leaving education (p<0.001), and sex (p=0.01), gave all three as independent predictors of access. In the 2010 survey 49% (234/473) never used the internet, 10% (49/473) used it rarely, 15% (70/473) used it occasionally, and 25% (120/473) used it often. The main reasons for its use for head and neck cancer were to find information, learn about treatment, side effects, and medication, and obtain advice from members of multidisciplinary teams. The findings of this study show that the internet has an important role for patients in providing information and support about their cancer, although other sources are still very important. Data from the study will help inform those promoting e-health about the type of resource that is wanted by patients.     

Prediction of post-treatment trismus in head and neck cancer patients

Our aim was to establish the incidence of trismus over time, together with risk factors (including quality of life (QoL)) for the prediction of trismus after treatment in patients with cancer of the head and neck. It was a longitudinal study of 152 patients accepted for primary operation who attended the head and neck cancer clinic of a tertiary referral cancer centre in the United Kingdom. A total of 87 patients was studied prospectively. Our results showed that 41/87 (47%) of patients presented with trismus, 57/80 (71%) had postoperative trismus, and 41/52 (79%) had trismus 6 months after operation or radiotherapy (trismus defined as a maximum mouth opening of ≤ 35 mm). Men and those who drank a lot of alcohol were less likely to have trismus after treatment. QoL variables showed that pain, eating, chewing, taste, saliva, social functioning, social contact, and dry mouth were significantly more impaired in the trismus group than among those without trismus. Postoperative differences in QoL between the two groups highlighted problems with social function and role-playing, fatigue, activity, recreation, and overall reduction in QoL. Women, and those who do not drink alcohol, are at particularly high risk of developing trismus, and, to prevent it and treat it, patients may benefit from multidisciplinary management at an early stage during treatment.     

头颈鳞癌诱导化疗的评价与展望

头颈部鳞癌对化学治疗相对敏感，虽然经过近30年的临床研究，诱导化疗在头颈鳞癌中的应用价值仍然颇具争议。最近，随着晚期头颈鳞癌的治疗进展以及更有效的诱导化疗方案的出现，越来越多的证据显示出诱导化疗在头颈鳞癌治疗方面的价值。本文通过对以往临床试验资料的回顾和总结，探讨了诱导化疗在头颈鳞癌方面的治疗价值及发展方向。     

经皮咽造瘘术20例临床分析

目的：探讨经皮咽造瘘术在头颈部肿瘤切除和重建手术后提供肠内营养的临床效果。方法：2012年1月一2012年7月．20例行头颈部手术的患者存我科接受经皮咽造瘘术,由经皮咽造瘘胃管提供肠内营养支持。收集每例患者的相关资料．包括患者信息、诊断、治疗方法、安放胃管时间及出现的并发症,对治疗效果和并发症进行分析。结果：所有患者均能耐受经皮咽造瘘口留置的胃管,无营养不良表现。留置胃管时间最短6d,最长84d,平均43．8d。在随访期内．1例患者的胃管意外脱山,2例患者的造瘘口渗出物较多,1例患者诉说胃管异物感比较明显,1例患者因反流性食管炎于术后第6天拔除胃管,其余患者均未发现明显的并发症。拔管后造瘘口可白行愈合,瘢痕小,不影响美观,、结论：经皮咽造瘘术是安全可行的,具有美观、舒适的优点,简便、经济,容易推广,并发症少,是一项值得推荐的肠内营养方法。     

Patients' perspective of financial benefits following head and neck cancer in Merseyside and Cheshire

The aim of this interview study was to ask patients with head and neck cancer in the Mersey region about their need for financial benefits, the advice they were given about benefits and financial matters, and the financial burden of the disease. Stratified quota sampling was by employment status, whether work had been affected by the cancer, and by sex. Of 51 interviewees (mean (SD) age 61(8) years) 20 were retired, 11 were unemployed, 13 worked full-time, and 7 worked part-time. Cancer had affected the work status of 24. Since diagnosis 57% had suffered financially; this was particularly high in those who had retired (65%), and in those whose work had been affected by cancer (79%). Quality of life had decreased in 53% as a result of the financial impact of the disease. This was most common in the unemployed (64%), and in those whose work was affected by cancer (83%). Only a quarter had been given adequate help and information about finance; this was lowest in the unemployed (18%) and highest in those who were fully employed (39%). One third (17/51) had never claimed benefits. The most common benefits were Disability Living Allowance and Incapacity Benefit. Two-thirds (21/31) had applied for benefits after diagnosis, 18 of these were directly as a result of the disease. The median (IQR) weekly income from benefits was ￡88 (￡60-170). Patients and carers need better access to financial advice. We suggest that each multidisciplinary team should have a designated benefits or financial advisor who is readily available to patients in the clinic and on the ward.     

头颈部横纹肌肉瘤11例临床病理学分析

目的：探讨头颈部横纹肌肉瘤（rhabdomyosarcoma,RMS）的临床病理学特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析11例头颈部 RMS 的临床资料、病理形态和免疫组织化学标记结果。结果：11例患者中男性8例,女性3例。年龄2～51岁,中位年龄25岁。主要表现为头颈部痛性或无痛性肿块,组织学分型：胚胎型8例,腺泡型3例。免疫组织化学结果显示瘤细胞均表达结蛋白、波形蛋白;肌调节蛋白（MyoD1）、生肌蛋白（myogenin）的阳性率分别为45％、55％;2例表达突触素,所有病例均不表达广谱角蛋白、白细胞共同抗原及 S-100。术后随访6个月～5年,其中2例死亡,4例复发,2例转移。结论：头颈部横纹肌肉瘤罕见,临床症状不典型,病理诊断需结合组织学形态及免疫表型。     

美国头颈癌患者生存资料分析

为使国内头颈癌生存分析的基本方法与国际一致，规范生存率分析的基本方法，以利于相互比较．本文以文字及表格方式，简述生存分析基本术语的概念、意义和应用，并介绍2002年第6版《美国头颈部肿瘤TNM分期》的1-5年观察生存率、相对生存率。