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顾秀玉 《国外医学(药学分册)》1975,(1)
放线菌选育的动向可分为以下几方面:次级代谢系统抗菌素系微生物次级代谢产物。次级代谢产物的合成系统与基础代谢系统有关。链霉素及卡那霉素等氨基糖甙抗菌素均为糖衍生物;氯霉素等芳香环抗菌素是莽草酸的代谢产物;粘菌素及杆菌肽等抗菌素是多肽 相似文献
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海洋微生物次级代谢产物生物合成的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋微生物次级代谢产物往往具有新颖的化学结构,蕴含着独特的生物合成途径、酶学机理和不同于陆生放线菌次级代谢产物的生物合成机制。自从2000年第一例海洋微生物天然产物enterocin的生物合成基因簇被阐明以来,迄今已克隆和鉴定了27种海洋微生物次级代谢产物的完整生物合成基因簇。这些次级代谢产物的生物合成主要源于四种途径,包括聚酮合酶途径,非核糖体肽合成酶途径,聚酮-非核糖体肽合成酶杂合途径,以及其他途径。本文综述了近年来一些重要海洋微生物活性次级代谢产物的生物合成途径,以及组合生物合成技术在海洋微生物次级代谢产物结构多样化方面的应用。 相似文献
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目的介绍近年来对海洋真菌化学成分和生物活性的研究进展。方法检索国内外近几年关于海洋真菌次级代谢产物的文章,从其化学结构和生物活性方面对文献进行整理和综述。结果对海洋真菌次级代谢产物的结构类型及其活性予以综述。结论海洋微生物种类繁多,次级代谢产物丰富多样,是筛选新药的资源宝库,为海洋真菌的进一步研究和开发利用提供依据。 相似文献
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董文斌 《国际生物制品学杂志》2018,41(6):306-309
含有4-氨基-2,4-戊二烯酸的环缩酚酸肽类天然产物是一类包含酯键的环状多肽次级代谢产物,通常具有抗肿瘤、抗病原体等生物活性。此文根据国内外最新研究现状,介绍了这类物质的来源、结构、制备现状、生物活性以及开发前景。 相似文献
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海洋来源的放线菌次级代谢产物及其生物活性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
放线菌是迄今最重要和最大的药用微生物种群。海洋放线茵生存于苛刻特殊的海洋环境,使其具备了复杂独特的代谢途径,其次级代谢产物在结构类型以及在生物活性等方面都呈现出与陆生放线茵不同的特点和多样性。多年来,诸多结构新颖、生物活性显著的天然活性产物持续从海洋来源放线茵代谢产物中被发现,这些活性化合物为新药研究提供了丰富的先导化合物,有些已进入研发阶段。近年,海洋放线茵活性产物的研究仍然是海洋微生物产物研究中值得关注的一个热点。本文按化舍物结构类型简要介绍了海洋来源放线茵代谢产物及其生物活性的研究概况。 相似文献
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K.B. Arun Raveendran Sindhu Deepthy Alex Parameswaran Binod Arivalagan Pughazhendi Toms C. Joseph Ashok Pandey Mohammed Kuddus Santhosh Pillai Shibitha Emmanual Mukesh Kumar Awasthi Aravind Madhavan 《Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy》2022
Bacterial metabolites are one of the primary sources of drugs that we currently use to treat several diseases. However, bacterial drug discovery and development is a challenging and time-consuming process, and the emergence of new diseases and the development of resistance to currently available drugs demand the discovery of new metabolites with better biological activities. The new advancements in microbial technology, omics, genome and metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and the interdisciplinary approach of these fields overcome the hurdles in drug discovery and heterologous synthesis from bacteria. The gut microbiome performs a vital role in sustaining human health and aids in tackling various diseases. The metabolites produced by the gut microbiome act as an energy source for colon epithelium, maintain pH, help in cell differentiation and induces apoptosis in abnormal cells. The review discusses about the bacterial derived bioactive compounds, advancements and technologies in bacterial synthesis of bioactive sources and genomic and synthetic biology methods for the bioprospecting of bacterial metabolites. Since the gut microbiome relates to colon health, we have also discussed the techniques comprising probiotics, prebiotics, microbiome transplantation, toxins, and bacteriocins capable of preventing and managing colon associated health condition. Future directions in bacterial bioactive metabolite production are also discussed. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on drug discovery》2013,8(10):1037-1052
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Over the past decade, numerous research efforts have identified the gut microbiota as a novel regulator of human metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). With the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, the drug-discovery process of CVD therapeutics might be expedited.Areas covered: The authors describe the evidence concerning the impact of gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and CVD and summarize the current knowledge of the gut microbial mechanisms that underlie CVD with a focus on microbial metabolites. In addition, they discuss the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the drug efficacy of available cardiometabolic therapeutic agents. Most importantly, the authors review the role of the gut microbiome as a promising source of potential drug targets and novel therapeutics for the development of new treatment modalities for CVD. This review also presents the various effective strategies to investigate the gut microbiome for CVD drug-discovery approaches.Expert opinion: With the elucidation of its causative role in cardiometabolic disease and atherosclerosis, the human gut microbiome holds promises as a reservoir of novel potential therapeutic targets as well as novel therapeutic agents, paving a new and exciting avenue in cardiovascular drug discovery. 相似文献
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Considered as an essential “metabolic organ”, intestinal microbiota plays a key role in human health and the predisposition to diseases. It is an aggregate genome of trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract. Since the 20th century, researches have showed that intestinal microbiome possesses a variety of metabolic activities that are able to modulate the fate of more than 30 approved drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs are transformed to bioactive, inactive, or toxic metabolites by microbial direct action or host-microbial co-metabolism. These metabolites are responsible for therapeutic effects exerted by these drugs or side effects induced by these drugs, even for death. In view of the significant effect on the drugs metabolism by the gut microbiota, it is pivotal for personalized medicine to explore additional drugs affected by gut microbiota and their involved strains for further making mechanism clear through suitable animal models. This review mainly focus on specific mechanisms involved, with reference to the current literature about drugs metabolism by related bacteria or its enzymes available. 相似文献
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With growing interest in human microbiome for its implication in metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, immune disorders and so forth, understanding the biology at the interface of the gut flora and the host becomes very important for identifying novel therapeutic avenues. GPR43 has been deorphanized and the metabolites of microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids, serve as its natural ligands. There are numerous reports that GPR43 might be a crucial link to the novel therapies for the unmet medical needs and many drug discovery organizations are making their moves in response. 相似文献
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Gut microbial communities are capable of enzymatically transforming pharmaceutical compounds into active, inactive, and toxic metabolites, thus potentially affecting the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of orally administered medications. Our understanding of the impact and clinical relevance of how gut microbial communities can directly and indirectly affect drug metabolism and, ultimately, clinical outcomes, is limited. Interindividual variability of gut microbial composition may partially explain differences observed in drug efficacy and toxicity in certain patient populations. This review provides an overview of how gut microbial communities can potentially contribute to individual drug response. This review focuses on the current landscape of clinical and preclinical research that defines the microbiome contribution on medication response with the goal of improving medication efficacy and decreasing medication toxicity. 相似文献
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药物基因组学研究宿主基因层面对药物安全性与有效性的作用,指导新药研发过程。但宿主基因层面不能完全解释个体间药效差异。药物微生物组学是药物基因组学的重要扩展,研究肠道微生物对药物安全性与有效性的影响。目前与肠道微生物相关的大数据、多组学分析、粪菌移植、合成生物学等学科与技术已逐步在新药研发中应用,本文综述了新药研发的现状以及肠道微生物与药物相互作用,概括了目前肠道微生物相关药物的研发进展。 相似文献
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Wojciech Dabrowski Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba Katarzyna Kotfis Sami Zaid Sylwia Terpilowska Chiara Robba Andrzej K. Siwicki 《Current Neuropharmacology》2021,19(8):1164
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates an inflammatory response with molecular cascades triggered by the presence of necrotic debris, including damaged myelin, hemorrhages and injured neuronal cells. Molecular cascades prominent in TBI-induced inflammation include the release of an excess of proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors, the degradation of tight junctions (TJs), cytoskeletal rearrangements and leukocyte and protein extravasation promoted by increased expression of adhesion molecules. The brain-gut axis consists of a complex network involving neuroendocrine and immunological signaling pathways and bi-directional neural mechanisms. Importantly, modifying the gut microbiome alters this axis, and in turn may influence brain injury and neuroinflammatory processes. In recent years it has been demonstrated that the activity and composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome population influences the brain through all of above-mentioned pathways affecting homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The GI microbiome is involved in the modulation of cellular and molecular processes which are fundamental to the progression of TBI-induced pathologies, including neuroinflammation, abnormal blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, immune system responses, microglial activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been postulated that interaction between the brain and gut microbiome occurs mainly via the enteric nervous system and the vagus nerve through neuroactive compounds including serotonin or dopamine and activation by bacterial metabolites including endotoxin, neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and cytokines. In recent years the multifactorial impact of selected immunomodulatory drugs on immune processes occurring in the CNS and involving the brain-gut axis has been under intensive investigation. 相似文献
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翟敏 《国际医药卫生导报》2022,28(20):2955-2960
众所周知,微生物菌群失调与人体多种疾病密切相关。口腔和肠道作为人体两大微生物栖息地,在微生物相关疾病中发挥着重要作用。尽管口腔和肠道是通过胃肠道连接的连续区域,但由于口腔-肠道屏障的存在,口腔和肠道微生物分布得到很好的隔离。然而,在口腔-肠道屏障功能障碍的情况下,口腔微生物群可以转移到肠黏膜。相反,肠道菌群失调也会对口腔微生物组成造成一定影响。口腔到肠道和肠道到口腔的微生物易位可以重塑彼此的微生物生态系统,最终调节机体生理功能和病理过程。然而迄今为止,口腔-肠道微生物的相互作用在口腔疾病中的发病机制一直未被充分认识。本文中,我们将重点介绍口腔-肠道微生物串扰在口腔疾病及儿童龋齿中的作用,为后续通过操纵肠道微生物治疗口腔疾病和儿童龋齿提供理论依据。 相似文献