非刚性三维校正肝脏MR动态减影技术应用于肝细胞癌经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术后疗效评估的研究

目的对比CT增强和非刚性三维校正肝脏MR增强动态减影技术对肝细胞癌(HCC)经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术(TACE)后肿瘤血供判断能力的差异,探讨非刚性三维校正肝脏MR增强动态减影技术的临床应用价值。 方法收集HCC患者TACE术后并再次需进行TACE治疗的病例21例,所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描、MR平扫及动态增强扫描,MR扫描采用非刚性三维校正动态减影技术。分别在CT和MR增强非刚性三维校正减影图像上对病灶血供情况评估统计,以再次TACE术前的DSA评价结合结节前后的体积变化综合考虑作为金标准,比较两种检查方式对碘油沉积病灶血供评价的能力。 结果共分析126个碘油沉积灶,在对碘油沉积灶血供的判断中,CT与DSA检查诊断结果不一致(P<0.001),MR和DSA检查诊断结果一致(P=0.375);在结节的血供判断方面,CT/MR对肝结节血供判断的敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、正确指数、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、符合率分别为6.2%/99.1%、76.0%/69.2%、23.1%/30.8%、93.8%/0.9%、0.02/0.68、0.27/3.22、1.22/0.01、13.5%/96.0%。 结论相对CT检查,非刚性三维校正肝脏MR动态减影技术在HCC患者TACE治疗后疗效评估中有明显的诊断优势,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

常规TACE术中DSA诊断肝细胞癌切除术后3个月内复发

目的探讨常规TACE术中DSA对肝细胞癌(HCC)切除术后3个月内复发的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析79例肝脏部分切除术后HCC患者的资料,所有患者均于术后3个月内接受常规TACE治疗,并于TACE前接受腹部CT或MR平扫及增强扫描,且于TACE治疗后1个月内接受碘油CT检查。以碘油CT结果为金标准,评价肝脏部分切除术后TACE中DSA与TACE前腹部CT或MRI对3个月内HCC肿瘤复发的诊断效能,对比分析二者诊断准确率。结果肝脏部分切除术后,TACE前腹部CT或MRI诊断3个月内HCC肿瘤复发的敏感度为70.31%(45/64),特异度为93.33%(14/15);TACE中DSA的敏感度为87.50%(56/64),特异度为93.33%(14/15)。TACE中DSA的诊断准确率明显高于TACE前腹部CT或MRI[88.61%(70/79)vs 74.68%(59/79),χ2=5.110 4,P=0.024]。结论TACE中DSA对发现肝脏部分切除术后3个月内的HCC复发病灶较腹部CT或MRI更为准确。     

弥散加权成像联合动态增强MRI预测肝细胞癌经TACE联合射频消融治疗后复发

目的 观察弥散加权成像（DWI）联合动态增强MRI预测肝细胞癌（HCC）经TACE联合射频消融治疗后复发的价值。方法 回顾性分析80例接受TACE联合射频消融治疗的HCC患者,均于治疗前10天和治疗后20、60及90天接受腹部DWI及动态增强MR检查;计算DWI联合动态增强MRI预测TACE联合射频消融治疗后20天HCC复发的敏感度、特异度及准确率;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,评估以表观弥散系数（ADC）值预测TACE联合射频消融治疗后20天HCC复发的效能。结果 参照改良实体瘤疗效评价标准,将47例HCC患者纳入稳定组、33例归为进展组。TACE联合射频消融治疗后20天,稳定组HCC病灶DWI多呈不均匀信号、ADC图呈高信号、增强扫描未见强化,进展组病灶多呈DWI高信号、ADC图低信号、增强扫描轻度强化。DWI联合动态增强MRI预测TACE联合射频消融治疗后20天HCC复发的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为97.75%（87/89）、92.31%（24/26）及96.52%（111/115）。以ADC值预测TACE联合射频消融治疗后20天HCC复发的曲线下面积为0.82;以ADC=1.42×10^-3 mm²/s为截断值,预测的敏感度及特异度分别为72.13%及82.25%。结论 DWI联合动态增强MRI用于预测TACE联合射频消融治疗后HCC复发具有一定价值;ADC值可作为有效预测指标。     

实时超声造影检查评价原发性肝细胞癌 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术后疗效

目的评价超声造影在经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）后治疗效果评价中的作用。方法选择TACE术后的原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）患者21例（共30个病灶）,采用SonoVue进行实时超声造影。结果①TACE术后超声造影检查对肿瘤内残存血供的检出率优于能量多普勒血流显像;②HCC患者行TACE术后的超声造影表现：栓塞完全的病灶在造影的各个时相均表现为＂缺损区＂,检测到血流的16个病灶大致有3种形态学表现;③造影后,可明确提示肿块栓塞后无血供的实际范围、TACE术后有无门脉内癌栓形成以及肝内有无微小新灶形成。结论超声造影可作为TACE后评价疗效的常规检查手段。     

影像学评价肝细胞癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞后疗效的研究进展

目的总结影像学方法评价肝细胞癌(HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗疗效的研究进展。方法通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、万方等数据库中有关影像学方法评价HCC行TACE治疗疗效的相关文献,对各种影像学方法的临床疗效及优势或存在的问题进行分析和总结。结果超声造影对诊断TACE治疗HCC存活或复发病灶具有较高的价值,但其对多发病灶及较大直径病灶观察受限。增强计算机成像(CT)受碘油沉积干扰影响,对HCC行TACE治疗疗效评估的价值较低,但CT灌注和能谱成像参数有助于预测TACE治疗疗效、病灶存活或复发。动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)合并功能和灌注成像的诊断价值较高,而且能进行肝脏功能评价。正电子发射计算机体层摄影(PET/CT)对诊断TACE治疗病灶存活或复发具有极高的准确性,且有助于预测患者术后生存情况。数字减影血管造影(DSA)是诊断TACE治疗存活或复发病灶的金标准,但其存在有创、副反应较多、操作要求高等不足。结论虽然影像学检查方法包括超声、CT、MRI、PET/CT、DSA广泛应用于HCC行TACE治疗的疗效评价、有无存活及复发病灶的诊断及鉴别诊断,但其研究结果差异较大,成像方式不一致,临床医师在诊疗中应根据患者病情选择最佳的影像学方法。     

C臂CT扫描用于TACE治疗肝细胞癌

目的探索C臂CT(CCT)扫描在TACE治疗肝细胞癌中的价值。方法对80例接受TACE治疗的肝细胞癌患者行CCT扫描。观察患者CCT图像检出肝内病灶的情况,并与DSA及治疗前其他影像学检查的检出情况进行比较;观察CCT图像对病灶异常供血动脉的显示情况,评价其对于TACE操作的指导作用。结果 80例患者中,CCT扫描检出病灶139个,其中4例患者较64排螺旋CT扫描共多检出5个病灶,2例患者较常规DSA检查共多检出2个病灶。TACE治疗前,77例患者CCT扫描显示131个病灶供血动脉清晰满意,其中28例(28/77,36.36%)为微导管超选择插管治疗提供了直接的帮助;发现4例患者肝癌病灶异常供血动脉,1例病灶供血动脉走行异常显示清楚。结论在应用TACE治疗肝细胞癌过程中,CCT扫描有助于检出肝内病灶、显示病灶供血动脉和动脉异常走行,对TACE操作具有非常重要的价值。     

CT、MRI和DSA评估原发性肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术后肿瘤活性及临床预后

探讨CT、MRI和DSA用于原发性肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后肿瘤活性及临床预后评估的价值。2016年5月—2018年10月,40例原发性肝癌患者均行经TACE治疗,术后3～6月行CT、MRI和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,并以DSA检查作为标准,评价原发性肝癌TACE术后CT和MRI对病灶残余或复发的检出率、肿瘤包膜检出率以及对不同碘油沉积类型的肝癌患者病灶残余或复发的检出率。结果显示,40例原发性肝癌患者TACE后经DSA发现病灶62个,其中44个为术后残余或复发,另外18个为术后无残余或复发。MRI检查的准确性93.6%,敏感性90.9%,特异性100%。CT检查准确性80.7%,敏感性72.7%,特异性100%。MRI检查对不同碘油沉积类型的原发性肝癌患者TACE术后病灶残余或复发检出率均高于CT检查(P0.05)。结果表明,对原发性肝癌TACE患者,MRI检查诊断价值优于CT检查,MRI为无创检查,可反复用于评估原发性肝癌TACE术后肿瘤活性及临床预后。     

原发性肝癌TACE术后活性灶的CT和MR对比较

目的比较原发性肝癌TACE术后活性的CT和MR的诊断效果。方法选择我院行TACE治疗术后1~3月的原发性肝癌患者51例,行CT、MRI及DSA检查,以DSA检查结果作为金标准分析CT、MRI检查结果。结果 MRI的敏感性、准确性明显高于CT(P0.05);MRI的ROC曲线下面积明显大于CT的ROC曲线下面积(P0.05)。结论:MR在诊断原发性肝癌TACE术后肿瘤残存、复发方面优于CT。     

超声造影量化分析评估肝细胞性肝癌TACE疗效的应用价值

目的观察肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)施行经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗后的超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)表现,并探讨超声造影定量分析评价肝细胞性肝癌施行治疗后残留/复发灶的临床应用价值。方法对42例HCC患者共47个病灶行TACE治疗,在低机械指数状态下进行实时CEUS,并进行评价疗效;采用时间-强度量化分析软件检测治疗后残留病灶内血流灌注的信息。结果 HCC病人施行TACE治疗后,超声造影显示,8个病灶三期无增强,39个病灶局部有增强。以同期DSA结果为对照标准,超声造影诊断TACE治疗后残留/复发的灵敏度为97.4%,特异度为87.5%,准确度为95.7%。CEUS时间-强度量化分析表明,38个残留、复发灶治疗前后,增强强度与达峰时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CEUS可以作为HCC病人TACE治疗的疗效评估的可靠方法,时间-强度量化分析有助于客观评价残留/复发灶的血供。     

MSCTPI和MRI检查在肝癌TACE术后肿瘤活性评估中的应用

研究多层螺旋CT血流动力学成像技术（MSCTPI）、磁共振成像技术（MRI）在肝癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）术后肿瘤活性评估中的应用。选取2017年1月—2022年12月收治的45例原发性肝癌患者,TACE术后3～5周后进行MSCTPI、MRI、DSA检查,以DSA诊断为金标准,比较MSCTPI、MRI对肿瘤活性病灶的诊断情况,TACE术后复发及残余病灶的诊断敏感度、准确度及特异度,TACE术后肿瘤包膜的检查情况。45例原发性肝癌患者TACE术后,DSA诊断共有59个病灶,其中活性病灶51个;残留或复发病灶48个,术后无残余或复发病灶11个。MSCTPI、MRI病灶检出率分别为91.53%、96.61%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。MSCTPI活性病灶数检出率（50.98%）低于MRI活性病灶数检出率（82.35%,P<0.05）。以DSA诊断为金标准分别与MSCTPI、MRI绘制四格表,MSCTPI诊断肝癌复发及残余病灶的准确度为79.66%,敏感度为81.25%,特异度为72.72%;MRI诊断肝癌复发及残余病灶的准确度为89.83%,敏感度为91.67%,...     

Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography

Abstract We sought to evaluate the image quality of double-dose, contrast-enhanced 3D fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and to compare its efficacy with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirty-six patients were studied to determine the visibility of the hepatic artery and portal vein with contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Determination of hepatic arterial and/or portal invasion from cholangiocarcinoma was compared between MR angiography and DSA as well. 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium chelates were administrated at a rate of 4ml/s. The hepatic artery was diagnostically visible in 28 patients (78%); the portal vein, in 34 patients (94%). The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in distinguishing arterial invasion, were 58%, 93%, and 89%, respectively, with MR angiography; 75%, 99%, and 96%, respectively, with DSA. In distinguishing portal venous invasion, these were 78%, 91%, and 89%, respectively, with MR angiography; 78%, 92%, and 90%, respectively, with DSA. There were no significant differences between imaging methods (p > .05); however, DSA was superior in specificity regarding hepatic arterial invasion (p = .0143). The data presented here indicate that noninvasive contrast-enhanced 3D FISP MR angiography has the potential to replace DSA in the preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Electronic Publication     

Right-lobe living related liver transplantation: Evaluation of a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging protocol for assessing potential donors

The purpose of this study was to determine the practicability and diagnostic accuracy of a magnetic resonance (MR) protocol capable of replacing computed tomography, catheter angiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the presurgical evaluation of potential liver donors before right hepatectomy. MR imaging (MRI) was performed on a 1.5 T scanner using a phased-array torso surface coil for signal reception. The following image sets were collected: axial two-dimensional (2D) T1-weighted fast low angle shot (FLASH), axial 2D T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin-echo (HASTE) with fat saturation, coronal MR cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) based on 2D multisection HASTE and single-section single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) FLASH, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted FLASH. 3D FLASH data sets were collected before and after an intravenous administration of Multihance (gadobenate dimeglumine, Gd-BOPTA; Bracco, Milano, Italy), 0.2 mmol/kg of body weight. Thirty-eight potential liver donors were assessed by means of MRI. Twenty patients also underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Of these, 16 patients underwent liver harvesting. MR angiography (MRA) data sets correlated with DSA results, and MRCP results correlated with intraoperative findings. Patients were excluded as potential donors based on insufficient liver mass of the left hepatic lobe (n = 5) or presence of hepatic pathological states (n = 9) seen at MRI, such as hemangiomas, focal nodular hyperplasias, or hepatic steatosis. MRCP showed the biliary system to the level of the first hepatic side branch. Dilated ducts were present in 4 patients. MRA depiction of hepatic arterial morphological characteristics correlated with catheter angiography results in all 20 patients: Three left hepatic arteries originating from the left gastric artery, three aberrant right hepatic arteries originating from the superior mesenteric artery, and two aberrant origins of both hepatic arteries and one common hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery were correctly identified on MRA. Similarly, the portal venous system was fully assessed on MRA. A comprehensive assessment of the hepatic parenchyma, biliary and pancreatic ductal system, and hepatic arterial, portal, and venous systems can be accomplished using the outlined protocol. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:241-250.)     

DCE-MRI减影联合血清miR-133a-3p及CCR3预测TACE治疗肝细胞癌早期效果

目的 观察动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)减影联合血清微小RNA-133a-3p(miR-133a-3p)及CC趋化因子受体3(CCR3)预测TACE治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)早期效果的效能。方法 对107例HCC行TACE,1个月后根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准将其分为疗效良好组(部分缓解+完全缓解)和疗效不良组(稳定+进展)。对比2组术前DCE-MRI减影参数动脉期、门静脉期对比噪声比(CNR)及血清miR-133a-3p、CCR3水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CNR联合血清miR-133a-3p及CCR3预测TACE治疗早期效果的效能。结果 62例疗效良好,45例疗效不良。TACE前,疗效不良组动脉期CNR高于、门静脉期CNR低于疗效良好组,血清miR-133a-3p水平低于、CCR3水平高于疗效良好组(P均<0.001)。ROC曲线结果显示,动脉期CNR、门静脉期CNR、血清miR-133a-3p和CCR3以及四者联合预测TACE治疗早期效果的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.785、0.761、0.692、0.707及0.919,特异度分别为88.7%、74.2%、51....     

微波消融同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗膈下肝细胞癌

目的 观察微波消融（MWA）同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗膈下肝细胞癌（HCC）的效果。方法 回顾性分析119例接受介入治疗的原发性HCC患者,其中57例（63个膈下病灶）接受MWA同步联合TACE治疗（MWA+TACE组）,62例（71个膈下病灶）接受单纯TACE（TACE组）。术后定期随访复查,发现肿瘤残留时酌情行TACE或/和MWA。术后6个月复查腹部增强CT和/或MRI以评价疗效,记录TACE、MWA次数及并发症。结果 术后6个月内,MWA+TACE组接受1、2、3次TACE治疗者分别为29例、25例和3例;接受1、2、3次MWA治疗者分别为46例、10例及1例。TACE组接受1、2、3、4次TACE治疗者分别为8例、27例、25例及2例;组间TACE治疗次数差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。术后6个月,MWA+TACE组客观缓解率（ORR）为82.54%（52/63）、疾病控制率（DCR）为90.48%（57/63）,TACE组分别为45.07%（32/71）、74.65%（53/71）,组间差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MWA+TACE组术后3例发生穿刺部位出血、2例气胸、1例肝脓肿,TACE组2例消化道出血、1例胆汁瘤伴感染,均较轻微,经积极对症处理后好转。随访期间均未见严重并发症及死亡。结论 MWA同步联合TACE治疗膈下HCC安全、有效。     

CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后评估中的应用

目的探讨CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后活性灶评估中的应用价值。方法30例行TACE治疗的肝癌患者,术后均行肝脏CT平扫、CT灌注成像及常规肝增强扫描并以三者作为术后影像学随访的手段。根据灌注扫描所得图像自动生成时间-密度曲线（TDC）,计算灌注参数。包括：血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、对比剂的平均通过时间（MTT）、毛细血管通透性（PS）和肝动脉指数（HAI）。以再次肝动脉造影结合临床随访作为“诊断金标准”进行临床诊断试验与评价。结果TACE术后肝癌活性灶与非瘤区肝组织的BF,BV,MTT,HAI具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）。PS无显著统计学差异（P〉0．50）。CTP的诊断正确率=91．07％;灵敏度-95．74％;特异度=66．67％;阳性预测值=93．81％;阴性预测值=75．00％;阳性似然比=2．74;阴性似然比=0．13;Youden指数=57．82％。结论CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后活性灶评估中具有较高的应用价值。     

肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗后磁共振成像检查特征

Hepatocelular carcinoma ( HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Although surgical resection offers a better curative option than nonsurgical treatments, it is not an option for the majority of patients with poor hepatic function or at an advanced stage when diagnosed.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an alternative and effective nonsurgical treatment for HCC. Evaluation of the effect of TACE is important to develop a best therapeutic strategy. From January 2009 to December 2010, 28 patients with HCC received TACE at the PLA General Hospital, and the results of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) were analyzed. Fifty-one lesions were detected and the maximum diameter of the lesions was 14.7 cm. Twenty-eight lesions in 16 patients which showed variable signal intensity on T1- and T2 -weighted images and iso- or hypointensity on diffusion-weighted image ( DWI) had no enhancement. Five lesions of 10 tumors in four patients had focal enhancement in the first MRI after TACE that displayed hyperintensity on DWI. Eight patients had been found with tumor recurrence or metastasis when they received MRI for the second time. The recurrent, residual and intrahepatic metastatic tumors enhanced rapidly at dynamic early phase scanning and demonstrated hyperintensity on T2 -weighted images.     

64排CT与DSA及C臂 CT检出肝癌小病灶的对比

目的比较64排CT、DSA和C臂CT对肝癌小病灶（直径≤3.0 cm）的检出能力。方法对48例肝癌患者先行64排CT扫描,再行肝动脉DSA、TACE和C臂CT扫描。2周内复查CT（碘化油CT）,由3名影像科医师对64排CT、DSA、C臂CT和碘化油CT图像进行分析,计数4种方法对直径≤3.0 cm病灶的显示情况,并以碘化油CT诊断结果作为标准,用McNemar检验比较64排CT、DSA和C臂CT诊断肝癌小病灶的检出率。结果碘化油CT证实48例患者共133个病灶（直径0.5~3.0 cm）,其中64排CT检出55个（55/133,41.35%）,DSA检出110个（110/133,82.70%）,C臂CT检出130个（130/133,97.74%）,三者间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.0001）。根据病灶大小将133个病灶分为3组,A组（直径0.5~1.0 cm）98个病灶,B组（直径1.1~2.0 cm）27个,C组（直径2.1~3.0 cm）8个。64排CT、DSA、C臂CT分别检出A组病灶29、76和95个,B组19、26和27个,C组7、8和8个。结论 C臂CT可提高对肝癌小病灶的检出率。     

肝细胞癌经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞缩小后切除及疗效分析

作者为探讨不能切除的肝细胞癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）缩小后行肿瘤切除的疗效,总结了５９例肝细胞癌患者的经验。本组患者首次ＴＡＣＥ前肿瘤直径５．６～２０．０ｃｍ,平均９．４３ｃｍ,每人接受ＴＡＣＥ１～６次,平均２．９次,手术前肿瘤直径缩小至３．２９ｃｍ,末次ＴＡＣＥ距手术时间１～７个月,平均２．５个月。ＡＦＰ阳性３５例,ＴＡＣＥ治疗后１３例转为正常。５９例患者中行肝段、联合肝段或肝部分切除５６例,左三叶切除２例,左半肝切除１例。切除的肿瘤各有４０％～１００％坏死,其中９例１００％坏死。ＴＡＣＥ后１３例ＡＦＰ转为正常的患者中,９例镜下仍见癌细胞。５９例患者１、３、５年生存率分别为７９．７％、６５％和５６％。作者认为ＴＡＣＥ可为一期不能切除的肝癌患者争取手术切除的机会,且可获得满意疗效。