替米沙坦对原发性高血压合并糖调节受损患者胰岛素抵抗的改善作用

目的探讨替米沙坦和硝苯地平对原发性高血压合并糖调节受损患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法原发性高血压伴糖调节受损患者60例,随机分为两组,分别服用替米沙坦（替米沙坦组,n=30）和硝苯地平（硝苯地平组,n=30）,观察服药前后糖代谢及胰岛素抵抗等指标。结果患者经6个月的治疗后,替米沙坦组空腹胰岛素、餐后2小时血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数等指标较治疗前明显下降,（9.7±4.3）mU/L vs（8.0±3.9）mU/L（P〈0.05）,（8.9±1.6）mmol/L vs（7.3±0.8）mmol/L（P〈0.05）,2.4±1.0 vs 1.6±0.6（P〈0.05）;治疗后上述指标与硝苯地平组比较,差异均有统计学意义（8.0±3.9）mU/L vs（9.6±3.5）mU/L（P〈0.01）,（7.3±0.8）mmol/L vs（8.8±0.5）mmol/L（P〈0.05）,1.6±0.6 vs 2.4±0.9（P〈0.05）。硝苯地平组治疗后糖代谢（空腹及餐后2小时血糖）及胰岛素抵抗等指标较治疗前差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论替米沙坦可改善原发性高血压合并糖调节受损患者胰岛素敏感性。     

老年痛风患者胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的探讨老年痛风患者胰岛素抵抗的现象。方法对 42例老年痛风患者与老年对照组 30例测定空腹、餐后 2小时血糖、胰岛素及血脂、血尿酸 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI) ,进行对照分析。结果空腹、餐后 2小时胰岛素、ISI,痛风组分别为 :(2 2 .46± 5 .2 1)mU/L ,(86 .2 4± 9.5 3)mU/L ,(- 2 .17± 0 .45 ) ,对照组分别为 (14.5 2± 5 .2 3)mU/L ,(46 .49± 6 .18)mU/L ,(- 1.82± 0 .43) ,2组上述指标比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且痛风组患者甘油三酯升高 ,高密度脂蛋白降低。结论老年痛风患者中存在高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的 比较门冬胰岛素30不同注射方式及诺和灵30R对2型糖尿患者血糖控制的疗效及安全性.方法 随机将180例2型糖尿患者分为门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射组(A组)50例、门冬胰岛素30 2次/d注射组(B组)65例、诺和灵30R 2次/d注射组(C组)65例,分别比较3组治疗后2周及12周空腹、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素用量、低血糖次数、体重指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)(仅治疗12周后比较)情况.结果 治疗2周后A组与c组比较,空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(8.3±4.6)mmol/L,t=3.63,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(10.2±5.6)mmol/L,t=3.95,P<0.01]、胰岛素用量[(23.5±4.6)U/L与(32.8±9.6)U/L,t=3.67,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,8次,X2=3.28,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义;A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(7.1±2.5)mmol/L与(7.3±3.6)mmol/L,t=2.74,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.3±2.7)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.18,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,但A、B组间胰岛素用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组BMI比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).治疗12周后A组与C组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(7.9±3.9)mmol/L,t=2.45,P<0.01]、餐后2h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(10.3±6.4)mmol/L,t=2.79,P<0.01]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.6±2.0)%,t=3.13,P<0.01]、低血糖次数(0次,12次,X2=2.35,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义,胰岛素用量也小于C组[(22.8±3.8)U/L与(25.9±0.8)U/L,t=2.84,P<0.01);A组与B组比较空腹血糖[(6.3±1.4)mmol/L与(6.7±1.8)mmol/L,t=2.03,P<0.05]、餐后2 h血糖[(8.2±1.9)mmol/L与(9.0±3.8)mmol/L,t=2.14,P<0.05]、HbA1C[(6.5±1.3)%与(7.0±1.7)%,t=2.37,P<0.05]差异均有统计学意义,A、B 2组间胰岛素用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的BMI高于A、B组[(25.9±0.8)、(24.2±0.9)kg/m2与(24.6±1.1)kg/m2,t=2.98,t=2.76,P均<0.05).结论 门冬胰岛素30 3次/d注射是一种安全、有效的2型糖尿病控制方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.