肝脏局灶性病变18F-FDG PET/CT与PET/MR比较分析

目的 比较¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT与PET/MR显像对肝脏局灶性病变（FLLs）的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析41例FLLs患者的临床资料、¹⁸F-FDG全身PET/CT及上腹部MR扫描图像。比较CT、MRI、PET、PET/CT及PET/MR对FLLs的检出率。结果 41例FLLs患者中共检出69个病灶,包括肝脏良性病灶22个、肝细胞癌（HCC）17个、转移瘤30个。CT、MRI、PET、PET/CT及PET/MR对FLLs的总体检出率分别为72.46%（50/69）、94.20%（65/69）、55.07%（38/69）、79.71%（55/69）及100%（69/69）。PET/MR对肝脏良性病灶及HCC的检出率（22/22,100%;17/17,100%）均高于PET/CT（13/22,59.09%;12/17,70.59%;P均<0.05）,二者对转移瘤的检出率均为100%（30/30）。结论 PET/MR对FLLs的检出率较高,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

X光、CT、MR在成人股骨头坏死中的应用价值

采用随机数表法选取我院于2005年1月~收治的确认为股骨头坏死成人患者56例(108髋),对所有患者进行Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的X光、CT及MR影像诊断,探讨其临床效果和诊断准确率。Ⅰ~Ⅱ期检测中敏感性X光为53.85%(14/26),CT为61.54%(16/26),MR为84.62%(22/26);总体敏感性X光为87.04%(94/108),CT为88.89%(96/108),MR为94.44%(102/108)。单一囊变X光检出率73.08%(19/26),CT检出率为80.77%(21/26),MR检出率为92.31%(24/26);骨小梁结构模糊X光检出率为3.85%(3/26),CT检出率为11.54%(3/26),MR检出率为69.23%(18/26)。在股骨头坏死的临床诊断中,MR诊断率最高,其次是CT,X光诊断率最低;在早期骨小梁结构模糊的诊断中,MR诊断率显著高于X光和CT的诊断率,其中X光的诊断率最低。在成人股骨头坏死检查中,MR检查可作为首选。     

腹直肌鞘血肿的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨腹直肌鞘血肿的诊断与治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析RSH患者12例,男4例,女8例,年龄37~81岁,平均年龄60.6岁,其中接受抗凝治疗5例,抗血小板治疗2例。分析患者症状、体征、血肿解剖特点、辅助检查、治疗方法及预后。结果：12例RSH中位于上腹部4例、下腹部8例。10例有突发腹痛症状,11例可触及腹壁包块并明显压痛。12例行腹部CT平扫均正确诊断,其中Ⅰ型血肿8例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型2例。11例患者保守治疗后血肿吸收,1例经保守治疗血肿液化后行穿刺引流术,血肿完全吸收。结论：RSH常见于老年人,尤其是接受抗凝、抗血小板治疗的患者,临床多表现为突发腹痛并腹壁包块,CT检查有助于早期明确诊断,保守治疗多能取得良好效果。     

MR和CT鉴别诊断肝硬化再生结节与小肝癌的临床探讨

目的:分析磁共振(MR)和电子计算机断层扫描仪(CT)鉴别诊断肝硬化再生结节与小肝癌的临床效果。方法:选取从2018年2月—2020年12月我院收治的78例肝硬化疑似小肝癌患者为研究对象,均采用M R和C T诊断,将手术结果作为金标准,分析两种诊断方式的小肝癌检出率,敏感度、特异度、准确度。结果:78例患者经手术结果显示55例为小肝癌,23例为肝硬化再生结节,小肝癌检出率为70.51%(55/78);MR诊断结果显示,50例小肝癌,28例肝硬化再生结节,小肝癌检出率为64.10%(50/78);CT诊断结果显示,44例小肝癌,34例肝硬化再生结节,小肝癌检出率为56.41%(44/78);MR诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度均高于CT诊断(P<0.05)。结论:与CT诊断相比,MR小肝癌检出率更高,且诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度均高于CT诊断。     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成31例临床分析

目的 分析肠系膜静脉血栓形成的临床特点,探讨其早期诊断和治疗方法.方法回顾性分析31例肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料.结果31例患者中,急性组19例,36.8%患者有肢体血栓性静脉炎或肺栓塞史,均以腹痛为首发症状,并进行性加重,57.9%患者出现腹膜刺激征,68.4%出现腹水征;13例患者经腹部CT或选择性血管造影检查确诊,CT检出率83.3%;93.3%患者血浆D-二聚体升高;手术治疗13例,抗凝治疗6例,病死率15.8%,复发率21.1%,2例死亡.慢性组12例,均无急腹症表现,经腹部CT检查确诊,66.7%患者出现上消化道出血.结论肠系膜静脉血栓形成是一种缺乏特异性临床表现、病死率高的疾病,腹部CT检查对早期诊断有重要价值,及时手术、抗凝治疗可以降低病死率.     

小儿胆红素脑病应用CT和MR诊断效果的对比研究

目的:研究在小儿胆红素脑病患者中应用CT检查技术及MR检查技术的诊断结果对比。方法:选择2014年1月-2019年6月,在我院进行小儿胆红素脑病诊治的患者28例,按照随机数字法分为CT组(CT影像学技术)和MR组(MR影像学技术),每组各14例,对比诊断结果。结果:经研究结果显示,MR组的阳性检出率为86%,CT组的阳性检出率为50%,由此可见,MR组患儿的阳性检出率明显高于CT组,诊断表现检出率明显高于CT组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用MR影像学技术对小儿胆红素脑病患者进行相关检查,可有效诊断患者的血清胆红素水平,为该疾病的治疗提供有效依据,值得被临床广泛推广使用。     

术中超声在胰腺外科中的应用

目的：探讨术中超声在胰腺外科手术中的应用,评价术中超声的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析2007年2月—2010年1月间我院胰腺外科应用CT、经腹超声及术中超声检查结果,并与手术病理对照。应用指征主要是术前诊断不清晰、定位不明确、解剖关系复杂或术中触诊与影像资料相矛盾的病例。结果：14例患者中胰岛素瘤4例,实性假乳头状瘤4例,3例为胰腺炎,1例为腺癌,1例囊肿术后取石,1例经术中穿刺证实未见明显占位而放弃手术。CT病变检出率92.3%（12/13）,诊断正确率为71.4%（10/14）;经腹超声检出率为83.3%（10/12）,正确率为53.8%（7/13）;所有病变均经术中超声检出,术中超声检出率及诊断正确率与CT相比有所提高,与术前经腹超声比较有明显统计学差异。腹腔镜手术中超声发现2例病变侵犯血管而转为开腹手术。结论：术中超声不仅能提高病变的显示率及诊断率,同时对指导术式选择也具有重要意义。     

超声、CT/MR在舌鳞状细胞癌诊断中的价值

目的比较超声检查和CT、MR在舌鳞状细胞癌诊断中的价值。方法对26例原发性舌癌、12例复发性舌癌术前同时行超声和CT/MR检查,对比观察肿块以及颈部淋巴结的情况。结果超声与CT/MR比较可知口腔内超声对于小病灶的检出率以及颈部淋巴结转移阳性的检出率大于CT和MR,而CT和MR对于侵犯周围组织及骨骼的评估要优于超声。结论超声可作为术前诊断和术后随访的首选方法,而对于侵袭范围较广且疑有骨质破坏的病例,可在超声的基础上再加行CT或者MR检查。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤28例诊治体会

探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断及治疗。方法：回顾1990～2005年经手术和病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤28例，就其年龄、临床表现、辅助检查、病理类型及手术方式进行比较。结果：首发症状及体征多数为腹痛及腹块。良性肿瘤12例，恶性肿瘤16例，平均病程19．6个月，恶性肿瘤病程多在1年以内，良性肿瘤病程多在1年以上。术前确诊率为78%，B超及CT的诊断率分别为81．3%，90．9%。结论：本病早期缺乏典型症状。临床早期诊断困难，B超、CT等影像学检查是本病诊断的重要手段。手术切除是治疗的主要手段，预后较好。     

原发性小肠淋巴瘤12例病例报道并文献复习

目的：探讨原发性小肠淋巴瘤临床特点,诊断及治疗。方法：在对2003—2008年确诊的12例原发性小肠淋巴瘤临床资料的回顾分析的基础上,复习近年文献并讨论。结果：腹痛或腹部不适（100%）,腹部肿块（50%）,腹胀（41.7%）是小肠淋巴瘤的最常见的临床表现,术前11例CT发现腹部肿瘤。12例全部行手术治疗;术后病理显示：12例均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中B细胞淋巴瘤9例（75%）,T细胞淋巴瘤3例。结论：原发性小肠淋巴瘤临床表现不具有特异性,肠梗阻或腹部包块是最重要的诊断线索,确诊依赖病理,治疗采用手术为主的综合措施。     

系统性红斑狼疮所致缺血性肠病的螺旋CT表现特征

目的：探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）所致缺血性肠病的蚴旋CT表现特征。方法：回顾性分析23例因SLE病人急性腹痛而行腹部螺旋CT扫描检查的临床资料及CT图像,其中增强CT扫描16例,CT平扫7例。着重观察肠道、肠系膜和肠系膜血管的异常CT表现性,同时也记录其它腹部异常征象,如浆膜腔积液、实质性脏器异常、淋巴结肿大等。结果：肠壁肿胀、增厚19例（19／23,82．6％）,肠壁“靶征”12例（12／16,75％）,肠管扩张16例（16／23,69．6％）。肠系膜肿胀和脂肪密度增高21例（21／23,91．3％）,肠系膜血管充血、增粗18例（18／23,78．3％）,肠系膜血管“梳状”排列4例（4／16,25％）。其它CT异常征象包括腹水、胸水、心包积液、肝脾肿大、肾脏异常、腹膜后淋巴结肿等。结论：缺血性肠病是SLE病人出现急性腹痛最主要的病理改变,其肠壁、肠系膜和肠系膜血管是最常见和最重要的异常CT表现。螺旋CT增强扫描是评价SLE缺血性肠病最佳的影像学检查方法。     

Acute diverticulitis in patients 40 years of age and younger

Acute colonic diverticulitis typically occurs in patients older than 60 years of age but is uncommon in patients under the age of 40, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis. Because abdominal pain is a very common presenting symptom in emergency department patients, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 21 patients 40 years of age and younger diagnosed with acute diverticulitis and characterized the presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. There were 17 men and 4 women with a mean age of 34.1 +/-5.9 years. All patients had abdominal pain, with 14 (67%) patients noting pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ) and 5 (24%) patients noting right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. Nausea was present in 18 (86%) patients and fever in 15 (71%) patients. The mean pulse rate was 103 +/- 16 and the mean temperature was 100.7 +/- 1.4 F. Leukocytosis was present in 19 (90%) patients. Plain abdominal radiographs were obtained in 19 (91%) patients and were normal in 15 (79%) of these cases. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained in 15 (71%) patients which revealed findings consistent with acute diverticulitis in 14 (93%) patients. The admitting diagnosis was diverticulitis in 10 of the 12 patients with LLQ tenderness and appendicitis in 4 of the 6 patients with RLQ tenderness. Overall, six patients were taken to surgery: three patients had cecal diverticulitis and three patients had perforated colonic diverticulitis. General treatment measures included bowel rest in 18 (86%) patients, and intravenous fluids and antibiotics in all patients. All patients survived. In conclusion, acute diverticulitis is uncommon in patients under 40 years of age; however, this condition may be confused with other conditions, usually acute appendicitis. As a result, clinicians should consider acute diverticulitis in young patients with acute abdominal pain, especially if they are male with nausea, fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis, and consider obtaining a CT scan to aid in the diagnosis.     

How Useful Are Clinical Features in the Diagnosis of Acute,Undifferentiated Chest Pain?

OBJECTIVES: To measure the predictive value and diagnostic performance of clinical features used to diagnose coronary syndromes in patients presenting with acute, undifferentiated chest pain. METHODS: The clinical features of patients presenting to the authors' chest pain unit with acute, undifferentiated chest pain were prospectively recorded on a standard form. Admitted patients were followed up by case note review. Discharged patients were followed up as outpatients three days later. Six months after the emergency department visit, evidence of adverse events was searched for from the hospital computer database, case notes, and the patient's primary care physician. The authors tested the power of each feature to predict: 1) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by World Health Organization criteria, and 2) any acute coronary syndrome (ACS), evidenced by cardiac testing, AMI, arrhythmia, death, or revascularization procedure within six months. RESULTS: Eight hundred ninety-three patients were assessed, 34 (3.8%) with AMI and 81 (9.1%) with ACS. Features useful in the diagnosis of AMI were exertional pain [likelihood ratio (LR) = 2.35], pain radiating to the shoulder or both arms (LR = 4.07), and chest wall tenderness (LR = 0.3). Features useful in the diagnosis of ACS were exertional pain (LR = 2.06) and pain radiating to the shoulder, the left arm, or both arms (LR = 1.62). The site or nature of pain and the presence of nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis were not predictive of AMI or ACS. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences exist when clinical features are specifically investigated in patients with acute chest pain and a nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. Clinical features have a limited role to play in triage decision making.     

以急性腹痛为主要表现的SLE缺血性肠病的螺旋CT征象

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)所致缺血性肠病的螺旋CT表现.方法回顾性收集23例确诊为SLE、并因急性腹痛而行腹部螺旋CT扫描的病人资料,其中16例为增强扫描.阅片时着重观察肠道和肠系膜(血管)的异常CT表现.结果肠壁肿胀、增厚19例(19/23);12例出现肠壁"靶征"样强化(12/16);肠管扩张16例(16/23);肠系膜肿胀和脂肪密度增高21例(21/23),肠系膜血管充血、增粗18例(18/23),4例肠系膜血管呈"梳状"排列(4/16).其他CT征象包括腹水、胸水、心包积液、肝脾肿大、肾脏异常、腹膜后淋巴结肿等.结论肠壁和肠系膜(血管)的异常改变是SLE缺血性肠病最重要的CT征象.     

MR imaging evaluation of acute abdominal pain during pregnancy

MR imaging enables diagnosis of a variety of maternal diseases presenting as acute abdominal pain in pregnant patients. MR imaging is a valuable complement to ultrasound in the determination of the exact etiology of acute abdominal pain, and it is important for the radiologist to recognize the MR imaging appearance of common causes of acute abdominal pain during pregnancy. This article reviews the MR imaging technique and findings of various abnormalities causing acute abdominal pain in pregnant patients.     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒并发急性胰腺炎26例临床救治分析

目的:研究糖尿病酮症酸中毒并发急性胰腺炎的临床特点,提高诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析2008-01-2013-12我科收治的糖尿病酮症酸中毒并发急性胰腺炎26例患者的临床资料。结果:26例患者均为青中年,多数(16例)无糖尿病病史,急性起病,腹痛、恶心呕吐、乏力为最常见症状。26例患者入院时血糖明显升高(16.8~36.8mmol/L)、尿酮体强阳性、血PH值降低,26例患者均有血甘油三酯增高(2.2~16.4mmol/L),24例患者血淀粉酶升高达正常值3倍以上,20例患者肾功能受损。26例患者胰腺CT检查均有阳性发现。给予积极治疗后25例患者治愈出院,1例并发多脏器功能障碍综合征死亡。结论:对糖尿病酮症酸中毒出现腹痛的患者应常规检验血淀粉酶,腹痛症状持续存在的患者应行腹部CT检查。早期诊断和早期治疗是提高救治成功率的关键。     

Conservative treatment of large rectus sheath hematoma in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe our experience in the conservative management of large rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the medical histories of 12 cases of RSH (11 female, one male; mean age = 67.6 years). Seven patients were taking oral anticoagulants, three were taking intravenous unfractionated heparin, and two were taking subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin. Six patients had a history of coughing fits. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography (CT) was performed in all cases. RESULTS: Clinically, the majority of patients presented acute abdominal pain, infraumbilical masses, and anemic syndrome. Ultrasonography demonstrated nine of the 12 cases of RSH, and CT showed the hematoma in all 12 cases. Type II (five cases) and type III (seven cases) indicate moderate and severe hematomas, respectively. Excessive anticoagulation was observed in eight cases, and coagulation within correct ranges was seen in the remaining four cases. In five patients the normalization of coagulation was achieved by administering vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma. All cases of type III hematoma required blood transfusion. Conservative treatment was effective in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: RSH must be suspected in women of advanced age undergoing treatment with anticoagulants who present the clinical triad of acute abdominal pain, infraumbilical mass, and anemic syndrome. CT is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of RSH. Early diagnosis of RSH permits conservative management, even in the case of large hematomas with hemodynamic repercussions and avoids unnecessary surgical intervention.