腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术封闭髂内动脉后的初步观察

目的观察腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)封闭髂内动脉后臀肌和下肢缺血情况。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年1月在我院行EVAR术的174例患者的临床资料。腹主动脉瘤最大直径[(55.2±12.9)mm],累及髂总动脉52例(29.9%)。EVAR治疗方法包括置入分叉型覆膜支架169例(97.1%),单臂型5例(2.9%)。术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例,封闭双侧髂内动脉10例。观察围手术期和随访期患者臀肌和下肢发生缺血情况。结果行EVAR术的174例患者中,173例手术顺利,无中转开腹,1例术中死亡,1例术后死亡。术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例中有2例出现同侧臀肌轻度疼痛,行走疼痛加重,跛行距离100m,5例出现同侧下肢乏力,间歇性跛行100～200m;封闭双侧髂内动脉10例中有4例术后出现臀肌轻度疼痛,跛行距离200m,均采用扩血管、祛聚保守治疗后2～4周疼痛症状好转,间歇性跛行距离均大于500m,无臀肌坏死发生,无再行介入或外科干预治疗,随访期间跛行距离逐渐增加500～1000m,余未诉特殊不适。结论 EVAR术封闭髂内动脉后臀肌和下肢不同程度缺血,经保守扩血管和祛聚治疗可以缓解,但一定程度会影响患者生活质量,封闭双侧髂内动脉或一侧均应宜慎重。     

腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法总结2016年4月至2018年11月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院18例接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)的腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者。其中6例双侧髂总动脉直径18～25 mm,选择合适口径的髂动脉分支支架完成传统EVAR;9例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行髂总动脉直径较大侧或合并髂内动脉瘤样变侧进行髂内动脉弹簧圈栓塞术;3例双侧髂总动脉直径≥25 mm,选择双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区完成EVAR,并行三明治技术单侧髂内动重建。结果腔内手术均获得成功,手术时间(120±35)min,出血量(100±40)ml。术中无即刻Ⅰ型内漏出现。1例双侧髂外动脉作为锚定区治疗患者术后发生臀肌缺血症状;3例三明治技术单侧髂内动重建患者中,1例髂内动脉Ⅱ型内漏发生,1例髂内动脉闭塞。术后随访3～32个月,平均10.3个月,无动脉瘤破裂,髂动脉直径无明显扩张。结论腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤患者根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的腔内治疗方法可达到理想的治疗效果,重建髂内动脉与否术后生活质量无明显差异。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的治疗

目的 总结腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair,EVAR)后髂支闭塞患者的病因、治疗选择,并评价治疗结果.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年12月收治的305例患者的临床资料,所有患者使用分叉支架型血管,术后6例男性患者的髂支(1.97％)在EVAR术后0～36个月发生闭塞.其中4例患者出现髂支移植物扭曲,出现扭曲的3个分支中全部发生血栓形成.临床表现为1例患者出现静息痛；4例患者出现跛行；另1例患者无症状.治疗:1例患者采用取栓+股-股旁路；1例采用髂支封堵+股-股旁路；4例患者采用取栓+支架植入.结果 6例患者手术均成功,静息痛和跛行症状消失.6例患者随访时间为6 ～18个月,平均(10±8)个月.5例患者无下肢缺血症状发生,1例患者术后半年跛行症状再次加重,行下肢动脉球囊扩张+支架植入术治疗后症状消失.结论 髂动脉扭曲可能是EVAR术后髂支闭塞的重要因素.外科旁路手术和血管腔内治疗是治疗EVAR术后发生的髂支闭塞有效和安全的方法.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的原因及治疗策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内修复术(EVAR)后髂支闭塞的原因及治疗策略。方法:回顾性收集2016年1月—2018年7月中南大学湘雅医院血管外科收治130例行EVAR的AAA患者临床资料,对其中并发髂支闭塞患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:130例成功接受EVAR的AAA患者中,6例(4.61%)发生术后髂支闭塞,均为单侧闭塞,发生闭塞的平均时间为(55±87)d。临床表现主要为间歇性跛行和静息痛。治疗方式包括:股动脉切开取栓+股-股动脉转流术2例,髂动脉支架植入术1例,股动脉切开取栓+髂动脉支架植入术3例。术后患肢缺血症状均消失。术后随访时间12个月,所有患者均未再次出现下肢缺血症状。结论:髂支闭塞是EVAR术后较为常见的并发症之一,其原因包括瘤颈条件差、髂动脉入路扭曲、髂支远端锚定区解剖异常等;股动脉切开取栓和(或)髂动脉支架植入是行之有效的治疗方法。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的腔内处理

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR)术后髂支闭塞的腔内再手术效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月～2023年3月6例EVAR术后髂支闭塞的资料。均行同侧股动脉切开Fogaty取栓、髂支球囊扩张,其中3例联合支架植入,1例联合Rotarex腘动脉取栓。结果 6例髂支闭塞再通率100%(6/6)。术后中位随访时间24个月(6～48个月)。5例术后下肢缺血症状消失(Rutherford 0级),1例膝下缺血、干性坏疽(RutherfordⅢ级)。结论对于EVAR术后髂支闭塞,需仔细分析原因,选择个体化腔内治疗方案。     

联合股-股动脉旁路移植术的单臂支架腔内修复腹主动脉瘤的经验

目的探讨联合股-股动脉旁路移植术(cross-femoral bypass grafting,CFBG)的单臂支架型血管(aortouniiliac,AUI)腔内修复腹主动脉瘤(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)的疗效。方法1997年5月~2007年2月,对8例因髂动脉的特殊解剖条件无法应用分叉支架型血管的腹主动脉瘤采用联合CFBG的AUI支架型血管进行EVAR治疗。术后观察内漏、缺血并发症、股股旁路血管的通畅性以及下肢血供情况等。结果围手术期无死亡,1例因急性心肌梗死于术后15个月死亡。3例原发性内漏分别于术后1、3、6个月自愈。8例平均随访24个月(3~72个月),旁路均通畅,1例于术后1年吻合口轻微狭窄但无下肢缺血症状。结论因髂动脉解剖条件复杂不能应用分叉支架型血管的腹主动脉瘤采用联合CFBG的AUI支架型血管进行EVAR是安全、有效的。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支支架内闭塞的危险因素分析

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)后髂支支架内闭塞的危险因素。方法:收集2011年1月—2015年12月行EVAR的腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料,采用1:3配比病例对照方法,每个发生髂支支架内闭塞的病例随机选择3例同性别、年龄±3岁、使用同厂家的同种类型支架未发生髂支支架内闭塞的患者为对照,对EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞危险因素行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:共495例腹主动脉瘤患者行EVAR,11例(2.2%)发生髂支支架内闭塞。术后发生髂支支架内闭塞的平均时间为2~20周。单因素分析显示,术前髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°(P=0.001),术前髂动脉狭窄≥50%(P=0.002),髂支支架远端口径放大率15%(P=0.004)等因素与EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞有关;Logistics回归分析显示,以上述因素均为EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:术前根据髂动脉解剖特性严格制定计划,选择合适的支架口径是减少术后髂支内闭塞的关键。应识别高危人群,针对可控因素采取预防措施,以避免及减少术后支架内闭塞的发生。     

盐酸沙格雷酯治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的近期疗效

目的 观察盐酸沙格雷酯治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院2009年7月至2012年7月期间采用盐酸沙格雷酯治疗的28例血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者的临床资料,比较服药前后患者间歇性跛行距离、静息痛评分、冷感评分及溃疡面积的差异。结果 用药4周后,患者的无痛跛行距离〔（287±32） m比（167±28） m〕 和最长跛行距离 〔（315±40） m比（187±34） m〕 延长,静息痛得分（1分比2分）和冷感得分（1分比2分）降低,溃疡面积缩小〔（6.18±3.28） cm2比（10.06±4.25） cm2〕 ,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 盐酸沙格雷酯能改善血栓闭塞性脉管炎的缺血症状。     

保髂内动脉技术在腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤腔内修复中的应用

回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年12月在苏州大学附属张家港医院和南京鼓楼医院行腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR)治疗的17例腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm, AAA)合并总髂动脉瘤(common iliac artery aneurysms, CIAs)患者的临床资料, 分别采用了髂动脉分支支架技术(iliac branch device, IBD, n=3)、喇叭形支架技术(bell-bottom technique, BBT, n=10)和髂外、髂内动脉搭桥技术(n=4)。三种方法均取得较好的技术成功率和近期效果。本研究显示根据腹主、髂总和髂内动脉具体情况, 选择IBD、BBT和自体血管移植等技术, 均可达到预期的治疗效果, 降低术后臀肌跛行、内漏、内脏缺血等并发症的发生率。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。     

Preservation of pelvic circulation with hypogastric artery bypass in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with bilateral iliac artery aneurysms

PURPOSE: The endovascular repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with a bilateral common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) often requires exclusion of the bilateral hypogastric artery (HA), which can be associated with pelvic ischemic complications such as erectile dysfunction and buttock claudication. This study assessed the effect of HA bypass on improving pelvic circulation. METHODS: Five patients who underwent endovascular repair with HA bypass for an AAA with bilateral CIAA were evaluated. In all patients, the patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and bilateral HAs arteries was confirmed with preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and angiography. During EVAR, penile blood flow was monitored with pulse-volume plethysmography measuring the penile brachial pressure index (PBI), and bilateral buttock blood flow was monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy measuring the gluteal tissue oxygenation index (TOI). An aortouni-external iliac artery stent graft with a crossover bypass was performed after embolization of the contralateral HA. HA bypass was performed between the crossover bypass graft and the ipsilateral HA via a retroperitoneal incision. RESULTS: Unilateral coil embolization of the contralateral side HA trunk slightly decreased blood flow to the contralateral side buttock but did not cause significant changes in penile blood flow. At the completion of EVAR, the levels of both PBI and the contralateral side TOI were significantly lower than the baseline levels. After ipsilateral side HA revascularization with HA bypass, both PBI and bilateral gluteal flow returned almost to the baseline levels. Postoperative angiography and CT scans demonstrated the patency of all HA bypasses and no endoleaks. None of the patients experienced new onset of erectile dysfunction or buttock claudication 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: Bilateral HA interruption during EVAR for AAA with bilateral CIAA was associated with significant depletion of both penile and gluteal blood flow. Intraoperative monitoring of PBI and TOI at the bilateral buttocks showed significant improvement of both parameters after HA bypass. HA bypass is an excellent procedure to improve pelvic circulation despite its increased surgical complexity.     

Intraoperative monitoring of penile and buttock blood flow during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvic circulation during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with a new monitoring system measuring penile and buttock blood flow. METHODS: We measured penile brachial pressure index (PBI) during EVAR by pulse-volume-plethysmography (form PWV/ABItrade mark). We also measured bilateral gluteal tissue oxygen metabolism with near-infrared spectroscopy to provide a gluteal tissue oxygenation index (TOI). Twenty-two men who underwent aortouni-iliac stentgraft with crossover bypass for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm were studied. Twelve patients underwent aorto-uni-common iliac artery stentgraft (CIA) and ten underwent aorto-uni-external iliac artery stentgraft (EIA). RESULTS: In all patients, there was an immediate reduction in PBI during the EVAR procedure. After revascularization of the ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the recovery of PBI was significantly less in EIA group. After the completion of crossover bypass, PBI in both groups recovered to the baseline values. In both groups there was a bilateral reduction in gluteal TOI during malperfusion of the internal iliac artery. After revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the ipsilateral TOI recovered to the baseline level in CIA patients, but recovery was incomplete in EIA patients. In contrast, contra-lateral TOI remained low in both groups after revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft. Only after completion of crossover bypass did the contra-lateral TOI recover to baseline level in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both TOI at the buttocks and PBI are a sensitive reflection of pelvic haemodynamics. Penile blood flow and bilateral gluteal blood flow are supplied via different circulations and both should be monitored for full assessment of the pelvic circulation.     

腹主动脉瘤术中不同髂内动脉处理的疗效观察

目的：探讨腹主动脉瘤（AAA）术中结扎或是封闭髂内动脉（IIA）对患者疗效的影响。 方法：回顾性分析2010年6月—2014年6月中南大学湘雅医院手术治疗的108例AAA患者临床资料,其中腔内修复61例,开放手术44例,杂交手术3例。44例开放手术中结扎双侧IIA 7例,结扎单侧IIA 8例;61例腔内修复术中封闭双侧IIA 3例,封闭单侧IIA 5例。 结果：无术中死亡,围手术期30 d内有6例死亡均与处理IIA无关。开放手术结扎或腔内修复封闭双侧IIA的10例患者中,1例（1/10）出现直肠缺血症状,经过抗凝和扩血管治疗1个月后症状缓解;2例（2/10）出现术后一过性的臀肌疼痛,保守治疗后症状消失;均未出现间歇性跛行。开放手术结扎或是腔内修复封闭单侧IIA的13例患者中均未出现直肠缺血,臀肌疼痛或是间歇性跛行。 结论：AAA患者术中结扎或是封闭单侧IIA对患者术后状况无明显影响;结扎或是封闭双侧IIA可能出现直肠缺血或是臀肌疼痛等盆腔缺血的表现,但可经保守治疗缓解。     

Surgical access of the gluteal artery to embolize a previously excluded, expanding internal iliac artery aneurysm

We describe open exposure of the inferior gluteal artery to allow coil embolization on an enlarging internal iliac artery aneurysm after previous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. An 84-year-old man with a stoma had undergone open AAA repair surgery 8 years previously, during which the proximal aortic neck and both proximal external iliac arteries were ligated, followed by an aorta to right external iliac and left common femoral bypass. Eight years later, he complained of abdominal pain, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed persistent flow in the right internal iliac artery with enlargement to 8 cm in diameter. Because prograde access to the internal iliac artery was not possible as a result of the previous exclusion, the inferior gluteal artery was exposed surgically. Coil embolization of the arteries supplying the internal iliac artery aneurysm was successfully performed. The AAA and internal iliac artery aneurysm were treated by the exclusion technique. Eight years after the operation, CT revealed that the iliac artery had expanded to approximately 8 cm in diameter. The patient was placed face down, and a catheter was directly inserted into the internal iliac artery from the inferior gluteal artery. Four embolization coils were placed in the internal iliac artery and its branches. Absence of blood flow and shrinkage of the aneurysm were subsequently confirmed in the aneurysm, as shown by echogram color duplex scanning and CT scanning at 1 year. This technique could also be applicable for persistent blood flow in an internal iliac aneurysm after endovascular AAA repair, and the size of the aneurysm was reduced to approximately 1 cm 1 year after the operation.     

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair or Open Surgery for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Involvement of Both Common Iliac Arteries ?

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) involving the entire common iliac arteries requires proximal coil embolisation of both internal iliac arteries and extension of the stent graft into the external iliac arteries (type E according to the Eurostar classification). A potential complication of this treatment is pelvic ischemia. Therefore, this type of aneurysm is a relative contra-indication for EVAR.

In this case-report we describe a hybrid procedure preserving antegrade circulation in one of the internal iliac arteries in a patient with a type E aneurysm who was unfit for open surgery.     

Minimally invasive retrieval of a dislodged Wallstent endoprosthesis after an endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is being performed more frequently in patients with concomitant iliac artery occlusive disease. We report a case of a 70-year-old male status post angioplasty and stenting of bilateral iliac arteries for occlusive disease who subsequently underwent EVAR for a rapidly expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). One month after the placement of the endograft, it was discovered that the previously placed Wallstent had been dislodged during the endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Minimally invasive retrieval using an Amplatz Goose Neck Snare was successful in recovering the stent. This case underscores the danger of performing EVAR in the setting of prior iliac artery stenting and the potential complications that may ensue.     

Adverse consequences of internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: Embolization of the internal iliac artery (IIA) may be performed during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair if aneurysmal disease of the common iliac artery precludes graft placement proximal to the IIA orifice. The IIA may also be unintentionally occluded because of iliac trauma or coverage by the endograft. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, and consequences of IIA occlusion during endoluminal AAA repair. METHODS: Over 2 years, 96 patients have undergone endoluminal AAA repair. The details of the operative procedure, reasons for IIA occlusion, perioperative complications, and clinical follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: The IIA was intentionally occluded in 15 patients (16%) to treat 13 common iliac artery aneurysms, one IIA aneurysm, and one external iliac artery aneurysm. The IIA was unintentionally occluded in 9 patients (9%), resulting from traumatic iliac dissection in 5 patients and coverage of the IIA by the endograft in the remaining 4 patients. Three patients had colon ischemia. One patient with a unilateral IIA occlusion had sigmoid infarction necessitating resection. The other two patients underwent intentional occlusion of one IIA followed by unintentional occlusion of the contralateral IIA because of a traumatic iliac dissection. Both had postoperative abdominal pain and distention; rectosigmoid ischemia was revealed through colonoscopy. Conservative treatment with bowel rest and broad-spectrum antibiotics was successful in both cases. Nondisabling hip and buttock claudication occurred in seven patients (32%) at 1 month but resolved by 6 months in three of these patients. CONCLUSION: Embolization of the IIA for iliac aneurysmal disease and unintentional IIA occlusion due to trauma or graft coverage occurs in a considerable number of patients undergoing endoluminal AAA repair. Most patients with unilateral occlusion do not experience colon ischemia or disabling claudication. Therefore, unilateral embolization of the IIA is well tolerated and allows for the endoluminal treatment of patients with both an AAA and an iliac artery aneurysm, thereby expanding the number of patients who can be managed with an endovascular approach. Although acute, bilateral IIA occlusions should be avoided, significant consequences were not observed in our small series of patients.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理经验

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理方法以及并发症。方法自1997年5月至2006年12月在150例包括髂总动脉瘤、髂内动脉瘤、髂动脉狭窄、严重成角等特殊远端锚定区的腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中,根据情况选择不同的处理方式,术后观察内漏、缺血并发症、髂动脉瘤形态以及旁路血管的通畅性。结果围手术期死亡率4％（6／150）,总死亡率42．5％（51／120）。6例原发性远端I型内漏,5例自愈,1例转化为持续性内漏;3例髂内动脉返流引起的Ⅱ型内漏随访中均自愈。7例单臂支架型血管,股股旁路手术2年通畅率为86％;4例髂内动脉旁路手术2年通畅率为100％。11例栓塞单侧髂内动脉出现臀肌缺血症状,平均症状消失时间42 d（5-90 d）。结论结合传统外科技术以及腔内技术,并选择合适的产品处理腹主动脉瘤特殊远端锚定区可取得满意疗效。中远期结果仍需观察。