肝转移瘤螺旋CT双期扫描诊断的研究

研究少血供和富血供肝转移瘤螺旋CT双期表现。128例肝转移瘤行螺旋CT全肝双期扫描，扫描后图象重建。扫描结果98例为少血供，30例为富血供。结果证实螺旋CT双期扫描动脉期有利于富血供病灶的检出，门静脉期易于少血供的转移瘤检出。双期扫描提高了肝转移瘤的检出率，对于肝转移瘤的定性和鉴别诊断有很重要意义。     

12例误诊为"肝脓肿样"病变的影像分析

目的 探讨"肝脓肿样"肝内病变的影像表现及误诊原因,提高对本病的认识,减少误诊率.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实、术前被误诊的12例"肝脓肿样"肝内病变的病例资料,结合其影像表现,分析误诊原因.结果 12例"肝脓肿样"肝内病变中,6例为胆管细胞癌;3例为转移瘤,其中1例为肺癌肝转移,2例为胃肠道肿瘤肝转移;1例为肝未分化肉瘤;1例为肝炎性假瘤;1例为嗜酸性肉芽肿.12例"肝脓肿样"肝内病变从影像表现上易与肝脓肿相混淆.结论 影像诊断肝脓肿时,MR反映病灶成分较CT有优势,平扫时病变内CT值较水样密度高时应特别注意鉴别诊断,结合临床综合分析.     

早期肝癌螺旋CT多期增强扫描的影像学特征分析

目的分析早期肝癌的各期增强图像的特点,以期提高临床早期肝癌的检出率。方法以本院手术病理或临床随访证实的直径3cm以下的115例肝占位患者为研究对象,回顾性分析早期肝癌患者64排螺旋CT多期增强扫描各期图像的特点,其中肝细胞癌42例,肝转移癌37例,肝血管瘤36例。结果三组病例在性别构成、年龄分布方面均无显著差异(P均0.05)。肝细胞癌在动脉期多表现为高密度强化,比例显著高于肝转移癌(P0.001);而在门静脉期和平衡期多表现为低密度无强化,比例亦显著高于肝转移癌和肝血管瘤(P0.001)。结论 64排螺旋CT多期增强扫描是诊断早期肝癌行之有效的方法。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌的诊断及鉴别诊断作用

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌诊断及鉴别诊断的作用.方法:选取肝脏占位性病变88例,其中原发性肝细胞癌28例,转移瘤15例,肝血管瘤33例,肝囊肿12例.应用不同的b值分别行轴位扩散加权成像扫描,在拟合出的ADC图上分别测出ADC值并进行统计分析.结果:随着b值或b值差的增大,肝脏占位病变的ADC值明显减小,而且波动范围减小,b值越大时越接近实际DC值.采用b值差为500时各组病变的ADC值作为肝脏占位病变的ADC平均值.肝囊肿(3.24±0.68)ADC值明显高于原发性肝癌(1.20±0.32)、血管瘤(2.01±0.53)和转移瘤(1.57±0.42)(P<0.01).血管瘤ADC值显著高于原发性肝癌(P<0.01)及转移瘤(P<0.05).转移瘤ADC值高于原发性肝癌,但无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:ADC值的应用可大大提高MRI对肝癌的诊断和鉴别诊断能力.     

双源螺旋CT增强延时扫描技术在肝脏良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨双源多排螺旋CT增强延时扫描技术在肝脏良恶性肿瘤的临床诊断价值。方法对64例初诊为肝脏肿瘤的患者采用双源多排螺旋CT增强延时扫描,观察图像特征和诊断符合率。结果肝脏肿瘤发病率最高的是肝血管瘤、肝细胞癌、局灶性结节性增生等;肝血管瘤延迟期呈等密度影,呈"慢进慢出"特征;肝细胞癌延迟期呈低密度影,包膜呈高密度环状带影,呈"快进快出"特征;转移性肝癌延迟期边缘强化明显呈"牛眼征"特征。双源多排螺旋CT增强延时扫描技术与手术病理等诊断符合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对肝脏肿瘤采用双源多排螺旋CT增强延时扫描技术,具有扫描速度快、辐射量低、图像质量高等特点,对肿瘤的检出率和定性率高。     

以发热为主要临床表现的子宫颈癌肝转移误诊为肝脓肿1例报告

正转移性肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率呈逐年升高趋势,且死亡率高。转移性肝癌有时不易与肝脓肿相鉴别导致延误治疗[1]。在易误诊为肝脓肿的肝脏转移癌中,常见以发热为主要表现的结肠癌[2]和神经内分泌肿瘤[3]。子宫颈癌最易转移至肺和骨[4],其中子宫颈癌转移至肝脏后的临床表现、辅助检查与肝脓肿相似的案例鲜有报道,现将1例以发热为主要临床表现的宫颈癌单个囊状肝转移误诊为肝脓肿的病例报道如下。     

16层螺旋CT多期动态扫描在肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对肝癌多期扫描的影像特征和临床应用价值.方法 对100例肝癌患者先行全肝CT平扫,其中80例无论肿瘤大小(包括23例结节型)先作病灶动脉期扫描,再作全肝静脉期扫描,最后进行病灶平衡期扫描;20例仅行动脉期及静脉期扫描.结果 100例中67例为肿块型(67%),23例为结节型(23%),10例为弥漫型(10%).80例中CT平扫、动脉期、静脉期及平衡期病灶的显示率分别为87%、97%、90%、96%.结论 16层螺旋CT多期扫描能获得肿瘤在各期的增强征象,为肝癌的定性、定量诊断提供更多的影像诊断信息;尤其在肝癌早期,动脉期扫描可得到非常重要的诊断依据.     

磁共振弥散加权成像及增强扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(MR DWI)结合增强扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性研究56例肝脏占位性病变的MR DWI及增强表现,所有病变均经临床追踪或手术病理证实,包括肝细胞癌11例、胆管细胞癌8例,转移瘤9例、海绵状血管瘤13例、肝囊肿15例。结果肝细胞肝癌典型强化方式为快进快出,胆管细胞癌多为门脉期及延迟期轻度强化,转移瘤多呈环形强化,海绵状血管瘤多呈逐渐强化,少数较小病灶为动脉期强化,并持续至延迟期,肝囊肿无明显强化。在MR DWI上肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌、转移瘤多为稍高信号,海绵状血管瘤为明显高信号,肝囊肿呈低信号。肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌、转移瘤弥散系数(ADC)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但明显低于血管瘤与肝囊肿囊内ADC值(P<0.05),肝囊肿ADC值明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论 MRDWI在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中具有重要作用,结合增强扫描可提高诊断准确率。     

磁共振弥散加权成像联合增强扫描在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)联合增强扫描在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对38例肝细胞癌、26例肝血管瘤、20例肝转移瘤行磁共振DWI联合增强扫描检查,比较各组ADC值和诊断准确率。结果肝细胞癌ADC值[(1.18±0.23)×10-3mm2/s]与肝转移瘤ADC值[(1.24±0.27)×10-3mm2/s]比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但它们均明显低于肝血管瘤ADC值[(1.65±0.31)×10-3mm2/s,P0.05];DWI联合MR增强扫描诊断肝血管瘤的准确率(100.0%)明显高于肝细胞癌(92.1%)或肝转移瘤(85.0%,P0.05)。结论 MR DWI在肝脏良恶性病变鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床价值,结合MR增强扫描可明显提高诊断的准确率。     

64排螺旋CT鉴别肝癌和肝脏局灶性结节增生的临床价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT鉴别肝癌和肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的临床价值。方法选取33例FNH患者,27例肝癌患者。对所有患者行64排螺旋CT扫描。测量FNH、肝癌不同能量水平病灶与正常肝实质对比噪声比(CNR)、脂肪(钙)浓度、钙(脂肪)浓度、水碘浓度、标准化碘浓度(NIC)、病灶与周围正常肝组织碘浓度的比值(LNR)。对上述数据进行分析对比。结果在动脉期和门静脉期,除了部分能量点,FNH、肝癌的CNR在不同能量水平下随单光子能量的升高而降低;在动脉期,FNH、肝癌的最佳CNR分别为8.36±2.77,3.65±1.23,在门静脉期,FNH、肝癌最佳CNR分别为1.16±0.23,1.83±0.35。在动脉期和门静脉期,肝癌的NIC及LNR均低于FNH;在两期,FNH、肝癌间钙(脂肪)浓度、脂肪(钙)浓度、NIC、LNR的差异均有统计学意义,但两组间水碘浓度相比,差异无统计学意义。结论 64排螺旋CT在微小病灶的检出以及在FNH和肝癌鉴别中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描在肝脏局灶性结节性增生中的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描在肝脏局灶性结节性增生(hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)中的诊断价值。方法选择FNH患者及肝细胞癌患者各30例,均接受螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。观察肝细胞癌与FNH大小及分布情况,比较肝细胞癌与FNH的螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描特征。结果 1 FNH位于肝包膜下16例(53.33%),显著高于肝细胞癌(20.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2肝细胞癌平扫表现为等或略低密度,内部可显示低密度囊变坏死区及高密度出血。FNH平扫表现为等或略低密度,其中心显示星芒状低密度区。肝细胞癌及FNH呈快进快出强化,FNH中心星芒状瘢痕区域于延迟期强化。与肝细胞癌比较,FNH存在中心瘢痕的比例更高,伴有门静脉癌栓及肝硬化的比例更低,其差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论螺旋CT可以清晰显示FNH的影像学特征,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

肝癌误诊为肝脏局灶性结节性增生5例临床分析

目的分析5例肝癌误诊为肝脏局灶性结节性增生(FNH)的原因,探讨FNH与肝癌的鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-2011年12月间术前误诊为FNH的5例肝癌患者的临床资料。结果彩超检查发现肝内低回声或不均质回声肿物,增强CT检查3例,增强MRI检查2例,部分病例可见中央瘢痕。术前诊断为FNH,所有病例均行手术切除,病理为肝细胞癌。结论合并肝炎时诊断FNH一定谨慎,正确应用和分析增强CT和MRI检查是诊断正确的关键。     

3.0 T MR-LAVA序列多期动态增强扫描对肝硬化结节病变定性诊断的临床价值研究

目的 比较使用3.0 T 磁共振-肝脏容积快速采集（MR-LAVA）序列多期动态增强扫描定性诊断肝硬化结节病变的价值。方法 2015年1月~2017年8月我院诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,行3.0 T MR-LAVA序列多期动态增强扫描和CT增强检查。比较两种检查方法检出病灶情况及其表现特征。结果 MR-LAVA序列扫描检出病灶80例,而增强CT扫描检出病灶73例（91.3%）;MR-LAVA序列检查定性诊断为局灶性结节性增生40例,血管瘤13例,原发性肝癌10例（均表现为富血供病变）,转移瘤17例,而CT检查定性诊断为局灶性结节增生34例,血管瘤12例,肝细胞癌9例和转移瘤18例。结论 3.0 T MR-LAVA序列多期动态增强扫描能提高对肝硬化结节病变的定性诊断,值得临床进一步验证。     

螺旋CT多平面重建在急性阑尾炎诊断和鉴别诊断中的临床应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)对无典型临床表现阑尾炎的诊断价值.方法:搜集临床首次诊断未确诊为阑尾炎,手术和病理证实为阑尾炎者19例,回顾性分析比较螺旋CT轴扫和MPR两种方法的诊断符合率.结果:单纯采用螺旋CT轴扫法图像分析,诊断符合率84.2%,8例表现为阑尾增粗、壁增厚并有明显强化,其中4例阑尾内见结石;盲肠和(或)周围炎10例;右下腹局限性脓肿5例,其中2例伴有斑点状钙化.误诊为回盲部及升结肠肿瘤2例,盆腔炎1例,误诊率15.8%.采用螺旋CT MPR图像分析,诊断符合率94.7%,误诊为回盲部及升结肠肿瘤1例,误诊率5.3%.结论:症状和体征不典型的阑尾炎临床诊断困难,易误诊,螺旋CT MPR方法简单,可从不同角度观察病变部位及其周围情况,有利于鉴别诊断,提高诊断符合率,具有较高的临床价值.     

Intraoperative sonography in surgical diseases of the liver

Intraoperative ultrasonography was performed in 24 patients with single or multiple liver metastases of colorectal cancer, in 4 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma, in 2 patients with an hepatic abscess and in one patient with a focal nodular hyperplasia and one with a liver hemangioma. In 9 of 32 patients with inflammatory or malignant liver disease the tumors were not palpable or visible. These hepatic lesions were localized by intraoperative ultrasound. In 5 cases preoperative unknown hepatic tumors were diagnosed by intraoperative sonography.     

Research on focal nodular hyperplasia with MSCT and postprocessing

AIM： To investigate and evaluate the pathological features and diagnostic value of focal nodular hyperplasia （FNH） with multiection spiral computed tomography （MSCT） and postprocessing. METHODS： A total of 25 patients with FNH who had undergone MSCT and postprocessing were included in the investigation. All patients had been pathologically or clinically confirmed with FNH. A number of 75 cases of hepatic carcinomas, hemangiomas and adenomas were randomly selected at a same period for a comparative study. RESULTS： There was a single focus in 22 cases and multiple foci in 3 cases. On the plain scan, 17 lesions showed hypodensity, 7 isodensity and 4 hyperdensity （the case with fatty liver）. With contrast, 28 lesions were enhanced evenly or in the nodules in the arterial phase; 13 lesions still showed hyperdensity, 11 lesions isodensity and 4 lesions hypodensity in the parenchymatous phase; in the delayed phase only 5 lesions showed hyperdensity but 9 lesions showed isodensity or slight hypodensity and 14 lesions showed hypodensity. Twelve lesions of 28 had central asteroid scars. Thickened feeding arteries in postprocessing were seen in 24 lesions, and were integrated into the parenchymatous lesions with a gradual and smooth course. On the contrary, there were no artery penetrated into the lesion found in any of comparative hepatic tumors. CONCLUSION： Doctors could make a correct diagnosis and differentiation of FNH on evaluation of the characteristic appearance on MSCT with postprocessing,     

Focal nodular hyperplasia coexistent with hemangioma and multiple cysts of the liver

We report here a case of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) associated with hepatic hemangioma and multiple hepatic cysts in a 71-year-old man. He was admitted to our hospital because of body weight loss. Ultrasonography detected multiple cysts, and two tumors in the liver one, 3.5 cm and one, 1.6 cm. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed arterial signals within the large tumor. On dynamic computed tomography, the large tumor was a hypodense lesion which was enhanced during the arterial phase and almost isodense during the delayed phase; the small tumor was also a hypodense lesion, and was enhanced during both the arterial and delayed phases. On magnetic resonance imaging using superparamagnetic iron oxides, the large tumor had decreased signal intensity on the T2-weighted image. On hepatic arteriography, the feeding artery of the large tumor showed a spoke-wheel appearance and that of the small tumor showed a cotton-wool appearance. Ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the large tumor revealed hepatocellular hyperplasia. Finally, we diagnosed the two hepatic tumors as FNH and hemangioma. There was no intracranial lesion. The cause of the patient's emaciation was psychogenic anorexia. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes the simultaneous occurrence of these three kinds of hepatic lesions. The pathogene-sis of FNH still remains unclear, but this association suggests that FNH may arise because of a vascular anomaly. Received: January 20, 2000 / Accepted: May 26, 2000     

肺血管瘤的影像学征象及诊断

目的探讨肺血管瘤的影像学特征及其诊断。方法回顾性分析经x线检查、普通CT及CT血管造影（CTA）检查的21例肺血管瘤患者（其中12例手术证实）的影像资料,采取比较影像学的方法对血管瘤的诊断方法进行综合分析和比对。结果发现带有长条索的分叶状包块,其条索与肺门血管相连为其重要的共有征象。在各种影像检查手段中,CT检查可清晰显示分叶状包块有较粗的条索状结构与肺门血管相连,增强扫描其密度变化与肺血管相似,CTA可显示病灶呈囊状充盈,并直接显示引入与导出的血管影,如病变区听诊有血管性杂音则更具诊断特征。但肿块无引流血管或较小的结节伴有钙化就易误诊为其它良性肿瘤或结核球。结论可根据影像检查的特征性征象对肺血管瘤做出较准确诊断。如果平片或普通CT扫描发现双肺肿块有索条状影与肺门相连,应进行无创的CTA进行检查,以利尽早明确诊断。