兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的生物等效性研究

目的:评价兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的生物等效性.方法:用LC-MS/MS测定兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的血药浓度.20名健康男性志愿者随机分组、自身交叉口服单剂量受试制剂和参比制剂进行生物等效性评价.结果:受试制剂兰索拉唑的AUC0→t、Cmax、tmax分别为(3887.74±2 766.08 )ng·h·ml -、(1 009.95±321.73 )ng·ml-1、(2.42±0.89)h;参比制剂兰索拉唑的AUC0→t、Cmax、tmax分别为(3 895.25±2 809.82 )ng·h·ml-1、(1 150.74±480.22) ng·ml-1、(2.29±1.07)h.受试制剂5-羟基兰索拉唑的AUC0+t、Cmax、tmax分别为(278.44±106.60) ng·h·ml-1、(95.65±48.50 )ng · ml -1、(2.29±0.84)h;参比制剂5-羟基兰索拉唑的AUC0+t、Cmax、tmax分别为(291.52±131.81) ng·h·ml -、(113.81±66.36) ng ·ml-1、(2.16±1.11)h.受试制剂相比参比制剂的兰索拉唑、5-羟基兰索拉唑的人体相对生物利用度分别是(106.1％±32.7％)、(102.43％±38.87％).受试制剂相对参比制剂的兰索拉唑、5-羟基兰索拉唑主要药动学参数经交叉试验方差分析差异无统计学意义,两制剂的AUC0+t,Cmax经双单侧t检验示90％置信区间均位于有效置信区间范围内.结论:兰索拉唑的2种制剂以兰索拉唑及5-羟基兰索拉唑血药浓度数据评价,具有生物等效性.     

国产来曲唑片应用于乳腺癌内分泌治疗的 生物等效性研究

目的：研究国产来曲唑片在人体内的生物利用度,并与参比制剂比较,评价其生物等效性。方法20名健康男性志愿者随机口服国产来曲唑片2.5 mg（受试制剂）或进口来曲唑片2.5 mg（参比制剂）后,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时刻血浆中来曲唑的浓度,用WinNonlin5.2.1数据统计软件计算药代动力学参数,并评价其生物等效性。结果单次口服国产来曲唑片2.5 mg或参比制剂2.5 mg后,药代动力学参数分别为：受试制剂的t1/2：（43.91±12.68）h、Cmax：（30.94±7.05）ng·mL^-1、Tmax：（2.13±2.59）h、AUC0-t：（1478±421）ng·h·mL^-1;参比制剂的t1/2：（40.49±12.23）h、Cmax：（27.93±5.41）ng mL^-1、Tmax：（2.20±1.72）h、AUC0-t：1503±396 ng·h·mL^-1。经方差分析、双单侧t检验和[1-2α]％置信区间法进行生物等效性评价,其中Tmax采用非参数检验法,结果表明受试制剂与参比制剂间的各药动学参数的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论国产来曲唑片与进口来曲唑片在人体内具有生物等效性。     

国产与进口阿那曲唑片在健康人体生物等效性研究

目的：研究国产阿那曲唑片在人体内的生物利用度,并与参比制剂比较,评价两者生物等效性。方法20名健康男性志愿者随机口服国产阿那曲唑片（受试制剂）或进口阿那曲唑片（参比制剂）1 mg后,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定不同时刻血浆中阿那曲唑的浓度,用WinNonlin 5.2.1数据统计软件计算药代动力学参数,并评价其生物等效性。结果单次口服国产阿那曲唑片1 mg或参比制剂1 mg后,受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为（1.45±0.5） h和（1.50±0.63） h,Cmax分别为（16.962±4.291） ng·mL-1和（15.928±3.799） ng·mL-1,T1/2分别为（40.00±7.27） h和（42.50±10.81） h,用梯形法计算,AUC0-t分别为（722.7±139.6） ng·h·mL-1和（730.3±138.6） ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞分别为（791.8±149.3） ng·h·mL-1和（807.5±156.6） ng·h·mL-1。经方差分析、双单侧t检验和[1-2α]%置信区间法进行生物等效性评价。结果表明,受试制剂与参比制剂间各药动学参数的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论国产与进口阿那曲唑片在人体内具有生物等效性。     

伏立康唑片在中国健康男性体内的生物等效性研究

目的：研究伏立康唑在中国健康男性体内的药代动力学,并评价其相同剂量制剂的生物等效性。方法：19名健康男性志愿者分别单剂量交叉口服伏立康唑片受试制剂或参比制剂200mg,于服药前0h和服药后0．25、0．5、0．75、1、1．5、2、3、4、6、8、12、24、36h抽取4．0mL静脉血,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中伏立康唑的浓度。通过DASVer3．0软件计算主要的药动学参数,评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果：伏立康唑片受试制剂与参比制剂的药动学参数分别为：AUC。（5304．967±3072．252）、（5130．968±2985．462）ng·mL^-1·h;AUC0-∞（5683．143±3438．261）、（5445．115±3181．161）ng·mL^-1·h;Cmax（925．728±356．11）、（1040．251±448：929）ng·mL^-1;tmax（1．566±0．975）、（1．382±0．959）h;t1/2（6.316±2．938）、（5．966±2．276）h。以AUC0-36计算,受试制剂对参比制剂的相对生物利用度为（100．5±3．4）％。结论：两种伏立康唑片在中国健康男性志愿者体内具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊与兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊的人体生物等效性.方法:20名男性健康志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊(受试制剂)或兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊(参比制剂)30mg后,采用HPLC法测定血药浓度,用DAS软件计算药动学参数,并评价其生物等效性.结果:单剂量口服受试制剂兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊和参比制剂兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊的主要药动学参数分别为:t1/2(1.93±0.58)、(2.21±0.84)h;tmax(1.7±0.4)、(1.7±0.4)h;Cmax(1 067.49±321.71)、(1 034.72±291.14)ng·ml-1;AUC0~12(3 655.16±1 635.82)、(3 571.70±1 434.56)ng·h·ml-1;AUC0~∞(3783.13±1 691.29)、(3 735.80±1 541.56)ng·h·ml-1.受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(106.72±13.53)%.结论:2制剂具有生物等效性.     

左炔诺孕酮分散片在健康人体中的药动学和生物等效性

目的研究左炔诺孕酮分散片在人体内药动学和生物等效性。方法采用双周期交叉试验设计,20名健康女性受试者随机交叉单剂量口服1.5mg左炔诺孕酮试验制剂和参比制剂,以高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人血浆中左炔诺孕酮经-时血药浓度,用DASVer2.0软件计算药动学参数,评价两制剂的生物等效性。结果左炔诺孕酮试验制剂和参比制剂的主要药动学参数Cmax分别为（29.28±6.15）ng·mL^-1和（30.63±6.44）ng·mL^-1;Tmax分别为（1.71±0.24）h和（1.75±0.23）h;t1/2分别为（17.56±6.07）h和（17.77±6.22）h;CL/F分别为（5.00±1.99）L·h-1和（4.76±1.83）L·h^-1;AUC0→t分别为（316.56±94.25）ng·h·mL^-1和（334.32±109.64）ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0→∞分别为（332.53±93.58）ng·h·mL^-1和（351.35±108.11）ng·h·mL^-1;试验制剂的AUC0-t,AUC0-∞,Cmax的90%置信区间分别为参比制剂相应参数的89.1%～102.1%、89.0%～101.5%和91.8%～100.0%。以AUC0→t计算试验制剂中左炔诺孕酮对参比制剂的相对生物利用度F为（96.85±18.23）%。结论经方差分析及双单侧t检验结果显示,试验制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

两种西地那非片在健康人体内的生物等效性

目的研究两种西地那非片在中国健康人体内的生物等效性。方法空腹试验48例、餐后试验40例健康男性志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服西地那非片受试制剂与参比制剂100 mg,采用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中西地那非和N-去甲基西地那非的血药浓度,应用SAS 9.4统计软件进行统计分析,计算药动学参数及相对生物利用度,判定两制剂是否等效。结果空腹试验中受试制剂与参比制剂西地那非的主要药动学参数cmax分别为(566±244)和(550±256)ng·mL^-1,AUC0-t分别为(1388±520)和(1407±545)ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0-∞分别为(1403±520)和(1422±544)ng·h·mL^-1;N-去甲基西地那非的主要药动学参数cmax分别为(291±110)和(280±101)ng·mL^-1,AUC0-t分别为(936±381)和(956±429)ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0-∞分别为(953±387)和(974±435)ng·h·mL^-1。餐后试验中受试制剂与参比制剂西地那非的主要药动学参数cmax分别为(424±137)和(422±145)ng·mL^-1,AUC0-t分别为(1660±505)和(1654±536)ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0-∞分别为(1675±506)和(1667±540)ng·h·mL^-1;N-去甲基西地那非的主要药动学参数cmax分别为(206±66)和(206±74)ng·mL^-1,AUC0-t分别为(930±280)和(954±351)ng·h·mL^-1,AUC0-∞分别为(945±283)和(970±356)ng·h·mL^-1。受试制剂与参比制剂cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞几何均数比值的90%置信区间均完全落在80.00%~125.00%之间。结论本研究建立的LC-MS/MS法准确快速,灵敏度高,专属性强,适用于西地那非及N-去甲基西地那非血药浓度测定。两种西地那非片具有生物等效性。     

缬沙坦分散片的人体药动学与生物等效性研究

目的研究缬沙坦分散片在健康人体内的药动学,评价两种制剂的生物等效性。方法采用随机自身交叉双周期设计方法,将20例健康男性受试者随机分为2组,分别单次交叉口服缬沙坦受试制剂或参比制剂80mg,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆中缬沙坦的浓度,计算其药动学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两制剂的生物等效性。结果受试制剂和参比制剂缬沙坦药代动力学参数：Cmax分别为（2536±1293）ng·mL^-1和（2457±1413）ng·mL^-1,tmax分别为（2．5±1．1）h和（2．3±0．7）h,t1/2分别为（5．9±1．8）h和（5．8±1．1）h,AUC0-30h分别为（14984±7155）ng·h·mL^-1和（14390±7040）ng·h·mL^-1。受试制荆的相对生物利用度为（115．6±52．5）％。结论缬沙坦的两制剂具有生物等效性。     

阿奇霉素分散片人体药动学及生物等效性研究

目的研究阿奇霉素分散片健康人体的药动学与生物等效性。方法20名男性健康志愿者随机交叉口服阿奇霉素分散片受试制剂和参比制剂各500mg,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法（LC-MS）测定血药浓度。以DAS2.0软件计算其药动学参数,考察其生物等效性。结果受试制剂和参比制剂阿奇霉素AUC0-168分别为（8.98±1.74）μg·h·mL^-1和（8.75±1.60）μg·h·mL^-1,Cmax分别为（0.81±0.14）μg·mL^-1和（0.80±0.14）μg·mL^-1,t^1/2分别为（48.16±11.10）h和（51.1±7.60）h,Tmax分别为（1.80±0.86）h和（1.82±0.92）h,受试制剂相对于参比制剂的生物利用度为（103.4±20.2）%。结论阿奇霉素分散片受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑片的人体生物等效性研究

目的 研究兰索拉唑在健康人体内的药物动力学,评价供试制剂和参比制剂的生物等效性.方法 20名健康男性志愿者按自身交叉对照设计,单剂量口服30 mg兰索拉唑供试片和参比片.采用HPLC法测定不同时间点血浆中兰索拉唑的药物浓度,用DAS软件处理所得数据,评价其生物等效性.结果 兰索拉唑供试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax分别为0.87±0.36、0.95±0.43 μg·ml-1;Tmax分别为3.30±0.97、3.40 ±0.90 h;T1/2分别为2.42 ±1.67、1.84±0.99h;AUC0-24h分别为3.47±1.81、3.57±2.53μg·ml-1·h;AUC0-∞分别为4.10±3.31、3.90±3.36 μg·ml-1.h.其相对生物利用度F0～24h、F0-∞分别为111.8%±55.5%、1 15.3%±52.9%.结论 新建立方法准确、可靠、简便.两制剂具有生物等效性.     

LAAE-14, a new in vitro inhibitor of intracellular calcium mobilization,modulates acute and chronic inflammation

A new lipidic acid-amido ether derivative (LAAE-14) able to reduce dose-dependently the calcium increases mediated either by calcium ionophore ionomycin, by the endoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, or by the chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), in human neutrophils as well as in murine peritoneal macrophages, but not ATP, has been evaluated as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. This compound attenuated leukocyte activation by means of its inhibitory effect on the respiratory burst elicited in both types of cells by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate, by inhibition of the degranulation process induced by cytochalasin B+fMLP or cytochalasin B+platelet activating factor, as well as by reduction of leukotriene B(4) synthesis induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. In addition, in zymosan-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages LAAE-14 caused a potent inhibition of nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) production. This compound exerted acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects by oral route, that may be related with several mechanisms such as attenuation of leukocyte activation, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) expression as well as reduction in tumour necrosis factor-alpha production. Its anti-inflammatory profile is clearly correlated with its behavior as inhibitor of intracellular calcium mobilization. The profile and potency of this compound may have relevance for the inhibition of the inflammatory response at different levels and may represent a new approach to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.     

Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (VIII). Effects of some possible neurotransmitters on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Effects of some possible neurotransmitters such as GABA, adrenergic drugs, and 5-HT and their antagonists on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. Paralysis was caused by GABA, avermectin BIa (Av-BIa), piperazine and alpha-adrenergic agonists such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine and methoxamine, but not by beta-adrenergic agonists such as isoproterenol. The paralysis by GABA or Av-BIa was antagonized by GABA antagonists such as picrotoxin and/or bicuculline with cholinergic agents such as N-methylcytisine (N-MC) or eserine. The paralysis elicited by alpha-adrenergic agonists was antagonized by alpha-adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine and dibenamine, but not by beta-adrenergic antagonists such as propranolol. 5-HT affected the motility of A. cantonensis paralytically or spastically. The paralysis induced by 5-HT was antagonized by alpha-adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine and dibenamine, while the contraction induced by this compound was further stimulated by N-MC, but antagonized by strychnine. Other agents such as glutamine, glycine, aspartic acid, taurine, and substance P showed little effect on the motility of A. Cantonensis. From these findings on the neuropharmacological properties of A. cantonensis, it is suggested that this worm is useful as an excellent nematodal model for the investigation of anthelminthics. In addition, this worm may also useful as one of screening models of drugs affecting the central nervous system in mammals.     

超声内镜对 ERCP 术前不明原因胆总管扩张的应用探讨

摘要： 目的 探讨超声内镜（EUS）在逆行胆胰管造影术（ERCP）前对不明原因胆总管扩张的诊断价值。方法 60 例不明原因胆总管扩张患者, 经腹部超声（TUS）、 CT 和（或）磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）检查提示胆总管扩张、 可疑胆胰病变但原因不明, ERCP 术前行 EUS 检查诊断, 并以 ERCP、 手术病理及随访确诊的结果为最终诊断。结果经 ERCP 确诊为胆总管下端结石者 39 例, EUS 诊断 38 例, 另 1 例 EUS 诊为胆总管下端肿瘤。ERCP 及手术病理确诊为胆总管下端肿瘤 10 例、 胆管内乳头状瘤 2 例、 壶腹部肿瘤 2 例; EUS 诊断结果分别为 11 例、 0 例及 3 例, 其中 1 例确诊为胆总管下端结石者 EUS 提示为胆总管下端肿瘤, 2 例确诊为胆管内乳头状瘤患者 EUS 将其中 1 例诊断为炎性狭窄, 另 1 例诊断为壶腹部肿瘤。术后随访确诊为十二指肠乳头炎性狭窄 7 例, EUS 诊断结果为 8 例, 其中 1 例术后随访并经 ERCP 病理确诊为胆管内乳头状瘤。诊断正确率 95% （57/60）。结论 EUS 对不明原因胆总管扩张的定位及定性诊断均有很高的诊断价值, 特别是能提高胆总管下端结石确诊率, 高于 MRCP 检查, 并能指导选择性地进行 ERCP, 提高治疗效果, 减少风险。     

溴丙胺太林杂质A的合成

目的为加强对溴丙胺太林原料药的质量控制,合成溴丙胺太林杂质A以作为对照品使用。方法以呫吨酸(3)为起始原料,采用两条合成路线合成关键中间体9-羟基丙胺太林:1)首先氧化引入羟基,然后再经过甲酯化和酯交换反应得到9-羟基丙胺太林;2)首先进行酯化反应,再经过氧化反应引入羟基得到9-羟基丙胺太林。最后经过季铵盐化反应得到终产物。结果与结论相比第一条合成路线,第二条路线更简短,收率更高。目标化合物结构经1H-NM R、13C-NM R和M S确证,HPLC检测纯度达到98%以上,合成的杂质可以作为溴丙胺太林原料药质量控制的杂质对照品。     

Suppressive Effect of Honey on Antigen/Mitogen Stimulated Murine T Cell Proliferation

It has been reported that the intraperitoneal administration of honey suppressed the induction of antigen-specific humoral antibody response in mice as determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion tests. Hence, we studied the effect of honey on induction of antigen-specific IgG antibody response and found suppression in mice as determined by ELISA and also T cell proliferation in vitro. T cell proliferation induced by antigens such as ovalbumin, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid, as well as the mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, was significantly suppressed by various doses of natural and commercial honeys, as evaluated by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of honey was also confirmed on antigen- or mitogen-induced T cell proliferative responses using splenic T cells from different haplotypes of mice. The results obtained in this work confirm the antiproliferative activity of honey.     

余甘子提取物的抗炎作用研究

目的 研究余甘子提取物对炎症的抑制作用.方法 选用18.0～22.0 g小白鼠建立炎症模型.设正常对照组,余甘子高浓度组与低浓度组,阿司匹林组.用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀、醋酸至小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加.结果 余甘子提取物高浓度与低浓度对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加均有显著的抑制作用.结论 余甘子提取物具有明显的抗炎作用.     

中药单体对卵巢癌信号通路的调控作用

总结近年来有关中药单体对卵巢癌信号通路调控作用的研究进展。中药单体可以调控卵巢癌的多条信号通路,按照作用机制分类,主要包括对PI3K/AKT信号通路的调控(如淫羊藿苷、千金藤素、柚皮素等)、对JAK/STAT信号通路的调控(如白藜芦醇、槲皮素、莪术醇等)、对MAPK信号通路的调控(如原薯蓣皂苷、龙胆苦苷、二氢杨梅素等)、对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的调控(如羟基红花黄色素A、丹皮酚、芹菜素等)、对Notch信号通路的调控(如双氢青蒿素、山萘酚、姜黄素等)、对NF-κB信号通路的调控(如人参皂苷Rg1、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、白蔹素等)、对TLR4/MyD88信号通路的调控(如莱菔子素、白术内酯Ⅰ、姜黄素等)。中药单体可通过调控上述信号通路抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞周期进程,抑制细胞迁移和侵袭等,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

利多卡因口腔科用药致不良反应文献分析

目的探讨利多卡因在口腔科用药致不良反应的一般规律和特点,促进临床合理用药。方法检索2000-2012年中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据资源系统数字化期刊中口腔科使用利多卡因致不良反应的文献进行汇总、分析。结果与结论利多卡因不良反应女性多于男性,多在用药十分钟内发生,以过敏性休克和过敏反应最为多见;累及机体多个系统,以全身性损害、中枢及外周神经系统损害、呼吸系统损害为主;临床上应加强利多卡因的监测,积极预防。     

Regulation of brain microvessel function

The brain microvessels are formed by a specialized endothelium and regulate the movement of solutes between blood and brain. The endothelial cells are sealed together by tight junctions and play a role as the blood-brain barrier. The brain microvessels express GLUT1 as the major form of glucose transporter, aquaporin-4 as a water channel, and p-glycoprotein as a xenobiotic transporter. Occludin and claudin-5 have been identified as the components of tight junction. Increasing evidence suggests that the activities of the transporters are regulated by adrenergic nerve activity as well as by bioactive peptides such as adrenomedullin. The regulation of the activity as well as expression of these transporters may become a strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of not only cerebral vascular diseases but also neurodegenerative disorders, developmental abnormalities and aging of the brain.     

A calorimetric study on diflunisal release from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres by monitoring the drug effect on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes: temperature and drug loading influence

Diflunisal release from poly-Lactide-co-Glycolide (50:50, 34,000 MW) microspheres loaded with two different amounts of drug (2.5 +/- 0.5% and 10 +/- 0.5% w/w) was monitored by following the effects exerted by the drug on the thermotropic behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles at different temperatures. The effects of the drug released from the microspheres on the thermotropic behavior of lipid aqueous dispersion containing different molar ratios of drug was detected by differential scanning calorimetry and was compared with the effects exerted by the free Diflunisal. Diflunisal affects mainly the temperature (T_m) of the transition characteristic of phospholipid vesicles as model biomembrane, causing a shift toward lower values. This shift was modulated by the drug molar fraction with respect to the lipid concentration in the aqueous dispersion. Afterward, calorimetric measurements were performed on suspensions of blank liposomes added to weighed amounts of unloaded and differently Diflunisal-loaded microspheres as well as free powdered Diflunisal after incubation for increasing times at three different temperatures (25, 37, and 50°C). The T_m shifts of the lipid bilayer, caused by the drug released from polymeric system as well as by the free drug during incubation periods, were compared with that caused by free drug increasing molar fractions dispersed directly on the membrane, employed as a calibration curve to obtain the fraction of drug released. This in vitro study suggests that the kinetic process involved in drug release is influenced by the amount of drug loaded in the microspheres as well as by the temperature acting on drug solubility and membrane disorder. This drug release model, monitored by the calorimetric technique shows that a) the poly-Lactide-co-Glycolide microspheres are a good delivery system able to sustain the drug release; b) the differential scanning calorimetry technique applied on the drug interaction with biomembranes constitutes a good tool to follow the drug release; 3) this model, representing an innovative alternative in vitro model, should be used to determine the different kinetics involved in the drug transfer from a drug delivery system to a membrane as uptake site.