全髋表面置换与金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋置换术后的步态分析比较

目的 比较全髋关节表面置换术与金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术患者术后1年的步态有无差异.方法 选择2006年6月至2009年3月期间行全髋关节表面置换术与金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的连续病例各30例,利用Vicon步态分析仪测得两组患者术后平均1年左右的步态参数和步态周期中的髋、膝关节活动度,计算自身患侧/健侧比值进行比较分析.结果 两组患者术后平均1年左右步频、单腿支撑时间等比值和美国特种外科医院评分及加州大学洛杉矶分校评分比较差异无统计学意义,但全髋关节表面置换组患者步态周期中的髋屈伸度、收展度、旋转度及膝关节屈伸度患/健比分别为1.0323、0.9747、1.0558、1.0027,明显高于大直径股骨头全髋关节置换组(患/健比分别为0.8615、0.7824、0.8162、0.9472),P值分别为0.007、0.005、0.006、0.037.结论 (1)全髋关节表面置换术与金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术患者术后1年的步态参数接近正常;(2)全髋关节表面置换术后患者行走时的关节活动度优于金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术患者;(3)采用全髋关节表面置换除了能够保留骨量,还能最大程度恢复患者的关节功能.     

金对金全髋置换治疗中年患者晚期股骨头坏死疗效观察

[目的]探讨金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗中年患者晚期股骨头坏死近期疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2008年1月～2009年9月对行金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的33例(36髋)股骨头缺血性坏死中年患者,男18例,女15例;平均年龄52.82岁(45～59岁)。双髋同时置换3例,单髋置换27例。假体均采用Corin公司的Optimom金属对金属轴承全髋关节置换系统。[结果]33例患者术后平均随访22.6个月(18～30个月)。Harris评分由术前的平均44.3分(24～83分)提高至随访末期的93.2分(91～96分)。末次随访X线片显示假体位置良好,未发现髋臼和股骨假体的无菌性松动和骨溶解,无异位骨化形成。[结论]金属对金属全髋关节置换术对中年、晚期股骨头坏死患者的早期疗效满意。     

大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的早期疗效及临床应用体会

目的 探讨大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的早期疗效.方法 对18例(20髋)患者行大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术.随访髋关节术前、术后的Harris评分,X线分析.结果 所有患者均获得随访,平均随访20.8个月.Harris髋关节评分术前46分到术后1年的85分,末次随访时为93分.X线片显示所有假体均位置良好,髋臼侧未见透亮线.结论 大直径股骨头全髋关节置换在增加髋关节活动度、防止术后脱位方面有明显优势.     

四代陶瓷对陶瓷全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头坏死

目的探讨应用四代陶对陶Pinnacle全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法自2005年1月～2010年3月,56例患者（88髋）接受了Pinnacle关节置换手术;年龄36．3—68．1岁,平均49．2岁。病史7～21年,根据ARCO分期：所有88髋均为股骨头坏死Ⅳ期,其中激素性32例55髋,酒精性21例30髋,创伤性3例3髋。术前Harris评分为31～63分,平均47．5分,所有髋给予全髋关节置换术,正确放置假体位置,术后定期复查,给予Harris评分。结果随访时间为2—7年（平均6．2年）,Harris评分由术前47．5恢复到术后97．2。1例髋臼假体术后1年时发生松动,考虑手术技术导致,给予大号髋臼假体翻修,术后随访4年,未见不良结果出现。1例髋关节术后2d内发生关节脱位,给予麻醉下复位下肢皮牵引2周,无脱位再次发生。其他假体均位置良好,尚未见其他并发症发生。结论全髋关节置换术治疗伴有严重关节炎的晚期股骨头坏死效果好,四代陶对陶（Pinnacle）关节由于其股骨头假体较大,患者术后活动度大功能恢复满意,但需要充分的术前准备及良好的手术技巧,避免并发症的出现。     

髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良的临床疗效.方法 2005年3月至2006年12月对34例(37髋)先天性髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术,其中Crowe Ⅰ型28例(31髋)、Crowe Ⅱ型6例(6髋).其中女性29例(32髋),男性5例(5髋),患者平均年龄45岁(26～57岁).患者在术后6周、3个月、1年,及此后每年1次进行随访,接受放射学及临床评价.术前患者Harris评分平均35分,髋关节屈曲101°,外展24°,内收15°,术前12例患者双下肢等长.结果 34例患者中,3例(3髋)患者术中改行全髋关节置换术.31例(34髋)行表面置换.31例表面置换患者平均随访时间21.4个月(12～33个月).患者术后最后一次随访平均为94分(82～100分),与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后髋关节屈曲改善至133°,外展48°,内收26°.术后23例患者双下肢等长.患者股骨及髋臼假体周围均未见透亮线,髋臼假体的平均外展角为43°(40°～53°),股骨假体柄干角平均为139°(130°～145°).结论 本组患者短期随访结果令人满意,良好的手术技术和手术适应证的严格掌握是先天性髋关节发育不良患者手术成功的关键.     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例(38髋)接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁(29~75岁)。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例(19髋),髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月(5~38个月)。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优(>90分)12髋,良(80~90分)23髋,尚可(70~79分)3髋,失败0髋(<70分)。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

髋关节骨性关节炎及髋臼发育不良对髋关节表面置换术中髋臼安装角度的影响

[目的]研究全髋关节表面置换术中,单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良对髋臼安装角度的影响及两组病例疗效比较。[方法]自2006～2009年,本科共实施全髋表面关节置换术20例23髋,病因包括单纯骨性关节炎10髋及髋关节发育不良13髋。手术假体均采用金属对金属大直径表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定,髋臼侧生物型固定。[结果]所有患者均获得近期随访(6个月～3年),随访包括临床评估和放射学评估。两组患者术前术后Harris评分均无明显统计学差异。无一发生术后脱位、股骨颈骨折等并发症。其中单纯骨性关节炎患者术后臼杯外展角25.6°～56.0°(平均43.9°±9.9°),平均髋臼覆盖率达95.8%。髋臼发育不良患者术后臼杯外展角22.4°～69.3°(平均46.8°±12.9°),髋臼覆盖率达84.3%。[结论]金属对金属大直径表面置换假体在治疗单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良早期临床疗效并无明显统计学差异。但是髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术中,髋臼假体外展角离散度要明显高于单纯骨性关节炎组,其髋臼杯假体外展角度控制要难于单纯骨性关节炎。     

严重髋臼骨折全髋置换适应证选择及临床效果观察

目的探讨早期和晚期全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋臼移位骨折的疗效与评价。方法对17例髋臼骨折移位施行了早期全髋置换术,伤后到手术时间平均8d(5～21d),平均年龄53岁(26～69岁)。对髋臼骨折继发性严重的创伤性关节炎5例,股骨头坏死2例,股骨头持续性后脱位2例分别施行了晚期挽救性全髋置换术,伤后到手术时间平均7个月(3～25个月),平均年龄37岁(26～46岁)。结果平均随访时间为4.1年(1～6年)。最后随访根据Harris评分平均为82分(69～100分),其中25例疗效为优良,1例发生异位骨化。无一例发生假体松动,1例发生髋臼杯严重中央移位。结论严重髋臼移位骨折,常规切开复位内固定难以取得良好疗效,施行早期全髋置换术效果肯定。髋臼骨折手术所致的创伤性关节炎、髋关节后方脱位、股骨头坏死等并发症施行晚期挽救性全髋置换术效果亦肯定。手术最好由对髋臼创伤及全髋置换经验丰富的骨科医生施行。     

人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术后翻修的假体选择. 方法 1995年1月～2002年6月进行全髋关节翻修术33例(33髋),其中男7髋,女26髋.翻修原因:无菌性松动22例,感染后松动8例(其中2例合并窦道形成);股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损3例,不伴有假体中心性脱位.对无菌性松动和股骨头磨损患者采用骨水泥固定型假体13例,生物固定型假体12例,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,8例感染患者均行一期骨水泥固定型全髋置换. 结果随访6个月～7年6个月,平均3年11个月.2例出现X线透亮带,但无临床不稳;4例遗留持续性疼痛,无假体脱位、断裂.本组Harris评分由术前的24～47分(平均38.6分),上升为术后的68～88分(平均82.4分),满意率87.9%. 结论无菌性松动是全髋关节置换术后翻修的主要原因.髋臼侧翻修假体可选择骨水泥型假体、也可选择生物型假体,股骨侧翻修假体均选择骨水泥固定型广泛涂层假体,感染后的翻修选择骨水泥假体较好.     

Metal ion levels decrease after revision for metallosis arising from large-diameter metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty

Concerns have been renewed regarding the possible long-term effects of elevated circulating levels of cobalt and chromium as a direct result of implantation of large femoral head diameter metal-on-metal bearings. In order to establish whether metal ion levels remain persistently elevated, we compared metal ion levels before and after revision surgery in patients with large head diameter (greater than 38 mm) metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing arthroplasty. At greater than one year post removal of a large-diameter metal-on-metal hip implant for the indication of symptomatic metallosis, metal ion levels were found to fall to almost normal levels.     

金对金解剖直径头微创全髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的近期疗效对照研究

目的探讨金对金解剖直径头和常规小直径头(28mm)全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)微创技术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月至2007年12月间因股骨颈骨折在我中心行微创全髋关节置换手术并获得完整资料的高龄(70岁)患者61例61髋,其中采用常规直径头股骨头全髋关节假体(对照组)30例30髋,采用金对金大直径股骨头全髋关节假体(观察组)31例31髋。分析两组术后2周、6周髋关节活动范围,术后2年假体脱位率以及Harris评分结果的差异。结果术后对照组脱位2例6次,观察组0例。观察组的Harris评分优秀率高于对照组;术后2周(除后伸动作外)和6周的髋关节活动度均大于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用金对金解剖直径头THA微创技术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者,具有术后早期髋关节稳定性提高、主动活动范围增加、术后脱位率降低等优点,近期疗效满意。     

金属对金属大头径微创全髋关节置换术治疗青中年股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的探讨金属对金属（金对金）大头径假体微创全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的临床疗效。方法本组32例（35髋）青中年股骨头缺血性坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,年龄24～59岁,平均45岁,术前髋关节Harris评分平均（37．9±7．5）分;以改良后外侧小切口、肌间隙人路、充分保留关节动力性组织结构为特征的金对金大头径微创THA治疗。术中严格采取正确的假体植入技术,术中保留完整的软骨下骨和髋臼横韧带,击入臼杯时一次性安装成功,正确运用万古霉素预防感染。术后口服利伐沙班片抗凝,术后12h开放负压引流及卧床行功能锻炼,术后第2天拔除引流管后扶拐下地部分负重行走,术后2—3周患者即可弃拐完全负重行走。结果本组32例35髋患者均获随访,随访时间为12个月～6年,平均为4年。所有患者切口均一期愈合,无深静脉血栓形成、关节脱位、坐骨神经损伤、髋臼及股骨疲劳骨折、关节疼痛等严重并发症,X线片示髋关节假体位置均良好,无松动、移位、股骨柄下沉、假体周围骨折等表现。末次随访Harris评分由术前平均（37．9±7．5）分,提高至术后平均（92．2±4．6）分,前后比较有统计学意义（t=44．341,P〈0．05）。所有患者末次随访时髋关节功能明显优于术前,均对治疗效果满意,完全恢复正常生活及工作。结论采用金对金大头径微创THA治疗青中年股骨头坏死Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,能够明显降低手术风险,缩短卧床时问,迅速恢复髋关节功能,减少手术并发症,取得了满意的近期临床疗效。随着基础和临床研究的不断深入,金对金大头径髋关节假体的长期疗效还需要进一步探讨。     

Why large-head metal-on-metal hip replacements are painful: the anatomical basis of psoas impingement on the femoral head-neck junction

Large-head metal-on-metal total hip replacement has a failure rate of almost 8% at five years, three times the revision rate of conventional hip replacement. Unexplained pain remains a feature of this type of arthroplasty. All designs of the femoral component of large-head metal-on-metal total hip replacements share a unique characteristic: a subtended angle of 120° defining the proportion of a sphere that the head represents. Using MRI, we measured the contact area of the iliopsoas tendon on the femoral head in sagittal reconstruction of 20 hips of patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. We also measured the articular extent of the femoral head on 40 normal hips and ten with cam-type deformities. Finally, we performed virtual hip resurfacing on normal and cam-type hips, avoiding overhang of the metal rim inferomedially. The articular surface of the femoral head has a subtended angle of 120° anteriorly and posteriorly, but only 100° medially. Virtual surgery in a normally shaped femoral head showed a 20° skirt of metal protruding medially where iliopsoas articulates. The excessive extent of the large-diameter femoral components may cause iliopsoas impingement independently of the acetabular component. This may be the cause of postoperative pain with these implants.     

无柄人工髋关节置换术的初步临床应用

目的 评价无柄人工髋关节置换术的早期随访结果,探讨其临床应用的安全性及可行性.方法 2002年2月至2007年3月,对51例56髋施行无柄人工髋关节置换术.男31例34髋,女20例22髋;年龄25～87岁,平均56.2岁.术前髋关节Harris评分平均(72.4±8.4)分.新鲜股骨颈骨折6例6髋,股骨颈骨折继发股骨头坏死4例4髋,股骨头缺血性坏死(FicatⅢ-Ⅳ期)34例37髋,强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直2例3髋,类风湿髋关节炎2例3髋,髋关节结核3例3髋.全髋关节置换50髋,半髋关节置换6髋.以Harris评分评价术后疗效,用Amstutz分区方法对X线片进行分区评价,观察假体位置及并发症情况.结果 全部病例随访2～7年,平均4.8年.髋关节Harris评分平均(92.8+3.2)分,其中优44髋、良7髋、可4髋、差1例,优良率91%.术后第2,3天发生关节脱位2例,经手法复位成功;术后40天发生感染1例,行关节腔病灶清除及持续关节腔冲洗后治愈;术后半年髋区疼痛1例,行有柄全髋关节翻修.随访期间X线片未见关节松动、脱位及螺钉松动、断裂等情况.结论 无柄人工髋关节置换术可保留股骨颈,创伤小、出血少易于于翻修,适合高龄体弱及年轻患者.早期疗效可靠,远期疗效有待进一步观察.     

大直径股骨头金属对金属全髋关节置换术的近期临床疗效

目的 评价大直径股骨头(大头)金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病的近期疗效,回顾性分析影响该类全髋关节置换术临床疗效的因素.方法 对2007年10月至12月,采用大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病患者41例(49髋)进行术后随访.临床评估以Harris评分为标准,记录患髋的活动范围及并发症发生情况.影像学评估根据随访骨盆X线片及患髋正、侧位X线片,测量髋臼外展角、前倾角,记录髋臼和股骨假体周围透亮线和骨溶解情况.结果 截至随访终点,共39例(47髋)获得2年以上随访,平均随访25个月,随访率为95.1%.Harris评分由术前的(43.8±13.1)分提高到末次随访时的(92.0±5.4)分.患髋活动度较术前明显改善,术后3个月屈髋由79.8°增加至110.2°,外展由20.9°增加至38.3°,外旋由12.0°增加至26.0°;术后2年屈髋平均可达113.2°,外展可达40.2°,外旋可达30.8°.术后患者轻度跛行3例,大腿不适2例,所有患者均无感染、假体周围骨折、术后假体松动或脱位、术后异位骨化发生.X线片显示:关节假体位置正常,髋臼假体外展角为39.5°±4.9°,前倾角为14.5°±2.1°,髋臼未见松动、移位.术后均未发现透亮线和假体周围骨溶解.结论 大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病具有良好的近期疗效,特别适用于活动量大、预期寿命较长的年轻患者.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head.Methods From October 2007 to December 2007,41 patients (49 hips) underwent large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA in our hospital were involved in this study.Clinical outcomes measures were Harris score,hip range of motion and incidence of complications.Abduction angle and anteversion angle of cup were measured on radiological films.The radiolucent line and osteolysis around the prosthesis were also recorded.Results Thirty-nine patients (47 hips) were followed up at least 2 years.The average Harris hip score had improved from (43.8±13.1) points preoperatively to (92.0±5.4) points at final follow-up.All the patients had attained satisfactory results.No late complication happened.For the rang of motion at final follow-up:flexion of the hip had improved from 79.8° to 113.2°,abduction had improved from 20.9° to 40.2°,external rotation had improved from 12.0° to 30.8°.Radiological measurement showed the mean abduction angle of cup was 39.5°±4.9°,the mean anteversion angle of cup was 14.5°±2.1°.No radiolucent line and osteolysis were found after THA.Conclusion The short-term effects of THA using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head is encouraging,especially for young patients.     

Die Entwicklung des Oberflächenersatzes der Hüfte

Total hip replacement in its current form has proved to be very effective in late middle-aged and elderly patients. However, in the younger patient population the survival rate is still not acceptable. Since the very beginning of hip resurfacing, the procedure has been advocated as an attractive concept to preserve proximal femoral bone stock. Furthermore, it is supposed to optimize stress transfer to the proximal femur and because of the large head size improves joint stability and range of motion. The failure of previous resurfacings has been described to be due to inappropriate materials, poor design, and poor instrumentation and not as an inherent problem of the procedure itself.Progress in materials and material design (metal-on-metal) as well in experience in surgical technique seem to have overcome formerly experienced difficulties. This means a lower rate of femoral neck fractures and aseptic loosenings, at least in the short-term and midterm follow-up of patients with good function.High manufacturing standards are required to consistently produce low-wear metal-on-metal bearings and it is still unclear whether high metal ion levels, which occur in all patients with metal-on-metal hip replacements, have any biologic effect. At least so far there is no evidence of any negative clinical effect in this regard. Only long-term results in a higher number of patients and a more widespread use of this procedure will tell whether early success is durable or it is just a bone-preserving, intermittent step before conventional total hip replacement.     

保留股骨颈型髋关节假体置换治疗晚期青壮年股骨头坏死中期随访研究

目的 观察保留股骨颈型人工髋关节假体治疗晚期青壮年股骨头坏死的中期疗效.方法 对2002年8月至2009年11月接受置换5年以上的21例28髋青壮年股骨头坏死骨关节炎并接受保留股骨颈型髋关节置换的患者资料进行回顾性分析.患者年龄26～51岁,平均36岁;其中男性16例22髋,女性5例6髋.对随访患者行Harris髋关节评分,拍摄X线片了解假体的位置以及有无松动、远端有无骨质吸收情况.术前Harris评分平均48.5分.结果 2例患者失访,19例26髋获得随访,随访时间63～85个月,平均67个月.3例患者出现下肢不等长,但长度差异＜2 cm.无大腿疼痛发生,无一例患者行髋关节翻修.末次随访时Harris评分平均90.2分.结论 保留股骨颈型髋关节假体置换治疗晚期青壮年股骨头坏死中期疗效满意.     

Present state of metal-on-metal hybrid hip resurfacing

Bone conservation and preservation, joint stability, and low wear of the large metal-on-metal resurfacing bearings have been convincingly demonstrated in the current literature. The clinical results of 600 MM Hybrid Conserve Plus Resurfacing in 519 patients with an average follow-up of 6.9 years (range, 4.0-10.4 years) have been excellent. The average age was 48.9 years, 74% of the patients were male, and the study included all etiologies of the young with arthritis. The complication rates other than dislocation and fracture of the femoral neck are comparable between resurfacing and conventional total hip replacement. The incidence of femoral neck fracture is low (1.2% worldwide) with less than 0.6% in this series and none occurring in the last 5 years due to proper patient selection and improved surgical technique. Component loosening after metal-on-metal resurfacing has been significantly reduced and acetabular component loosening is uncommon and has not happened in this series. Femoral bone preparation and optimal cementing techniques are paramount to prevention of femoral loosening. Clearance between the cylindrically reamed part of the head and the component varies in different designs, and the surgeon must note the need for different cementing strategies for different recommended clearances. The learning curve of a surgeon undertaking resurfacing can be greatly reduced by observation and hands-on training in specialized centers with surgeons experienced in resurfacing.     

A prospective metal ion study of large-head metal-on-metal bearing: a matched-pair analysis of hip resurfacing versus total hip replacement

The current study measured ion release among large-head metal-on-metal hip bearings. Twenty-six patients with a modular, Profemur? TL with A-Class? big femoral head total hip replacement were matched (gender, femoral size, BMI) with a group of 26 patients with the Conserve? Plus implant hip resurfacing. Compared with HR patients, THR patients had higher median serum cobalt ion levels at 6 months (3.26 vs 1.12 μg/L, P = .002) 1 year (4.51 vs 1.02, P = .002), and 2 years (3.77 vs 1.22, P<.001) following surgery. No differences in chromium ions were observed. Further research is required to determine the clinical significance of elevated serum cobalt ions.