Correlation of tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidants with clinical stage and menopausal status in patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant levels in breast cancer patients in relation to different clinical stages and menopausal status. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty newly diagnosed women with adenocarcinoma of the breast were divided into different groups based on clinical staging and menopausal status. The extent of lipid peroxidation as reflected by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and conjugated dienes (CD) as well as the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were estimated in these patients. RESULTS: Enhanced lipid peroxidation accompanied by significant elevation in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants was observed in breast tumor tissues compared to the corresponding uninvolved adjacent tissues irrespective of clinical stage and menopausal status of the patients. The magnitude of change in tissue oxidant-antioxidant status was, however, more pronounced in stage III and in premenopausal patients compared to stage I and II and postmenopausal patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: A correlation between tissue redox status and tumor progression suggests that upregulation of antioxidants enables tumor cells to counter oxidative stress, thereby conferring a selective advantage for growth compared to corresponding normal cells.     

Circulating lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in cervical cancer patients: a case-control study

Objectives: The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the status of circulating lipid peroxidation and the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants of cervical cancer patients.

Design and methods: Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and the levels of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C and vitamin E were estimated in circulation of thirty patients and an equal number of age matched normal subjects as control.

Results: Significantly elevated levels of plasma TBARS and CD and significantly lowered levels of GSH, GPx, GST, SOD vitamin C and vitamin E were observed in cervical cancer patients as compared to controls. Our study reveals increased lipid peroxidation and possible breakdown of antioxidant status in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Conclusion: These results indicate that low levels of GSH, GPx, GST, SOD, vitamin E and vitamin C in the circulation of cervical cancer patients may be due to their increased utilization to scavenge lipid peroxides as well as their sequestration by tumor cells. Malnutrition may also be a significant cause for the increased prevalence of cervical cancer in women with a low socioeconomic status.     

Superoxide anion radical, lipid peroxides and antioxidant status in the blood of patients with breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical (O2(-)), plays an important role in carcinogenesis. The human body has developed different antioxidant systems to defend against free radical attacks. We investigated the changes of the antioxidant status in the blood of patients with breast cancer. METHODS: The O2(-) generation and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as an index of lipid peroxidation along with the examination of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx), the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and vitamins A, C, and E. RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of O2(-) and MDA, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of the patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than the controls. However, the levels of vitamin C, GSH, GSSG and ratio of GSH/GSSG in the blood of the patients with breast cancer were significantly decreased compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress may be involved in breast cancer. The increased activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory upregulation in response to the increased oxidative stress.     

Antioxidants and lipid peroxidation status in the blood of patients with psoriasis.

The aim of this research was to determine levels in blood of vitamin E, beta carotene, lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in patients with psoriasis. Studies were carried out on 34 patients with moderate and severe psoriases and healthy age-matched controls. Red blood cell (RBC) and plasma samples from healthy and patient subjects were taken. Levels of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px in both plasma and RBC samples were significantly (P<0.001) lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls, whereas beta carotene levels in plasma and MDA levels in RBC samples were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001) higher in patients with psoriasis than in controls. However, vitamin E and MDA levels in plasma did not differ statistically. Although being far from conclusive, these results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidants in psoriasis.     

Elevated lipid peroxidation biomarkers and low antioxidant status in atherosclerotic patients with increased carotid or iliofemoral intima media thickness.

OBJECTIVES: Lipid peroxidation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic, age-related disease process of the arterial wall with onset decades prior to its clinical manifestations. The aim of the study was to assess the association between the intima media thickness (IMT) of the major arteries as a clinical marker of atherosclerosis and markers of lipid peroxidation along with the antioxidant status in humans. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: A university-affiliated outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: Thirty patients (22 males, 8 females; 70.4 +/- 7.3 years) with atherosclerosis of the carotid or iliofemoral arteries and 62 healthy controls (30 males, 32 females; 68.3 +/- 4.3 years). METHODS: Plasma levels of 8,12-isoprostane F2alpha-VI (8,12-IPF2alpha-VI) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamins A (retinol) and E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherol), and carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Patients showed, independent of fruit and vegetable intake, significantly lower plasma levels of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and all carotenoids excluding beta-cryptoxanthin compared with controls. On the contrary, plasma 8,12-IPF2alpha-VI levels were almost doubled (p < .001) and MDA levels increased by one-third (p < .01) in atherosclerotic patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The analyses of isoprostanes and antioxidant nutrients in plasma as markers of oxidative stress and the parallel evaluation of IMT as a structural marker of atherosclerosis are suitable tools for investigating the role of antioxidants and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.     

Chemopreventive efficacy of pronyl-lysine on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat colon carcinogenesis

Colon cancer is a serious health problem in most of the countries and is the leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. The major objective of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effect of dietary pronyl-lysine (2 mg/kg body weight), a bread crust antioxidant, on intestinal and colonic tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status in rat colon carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and were fed a modified pellet diet for 34 weeks. Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg body weight) for the first 15 weeks. Pronyl-lysine was supplemented to rats during the pre-initiation, initiation, post-initiation and also throughout the study period. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of 34 weeks and their colons were evaluated histologically. The activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status in the tissues such as the intestines, colon and cecum were estimated. Our results showed diminished levels of colonic, and cecal LPO products such as conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and also reduced activities of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase) in DMH-treated rats, while on supplementing dietary pronyl-lysine the levels of LPO products and antioxidants were significantly reversed ( P  < 0.05). Thus, our results strongly suggest that the administration of pronyl-lysine throughout the study period (group 7) and the post-initiation (group 6) stages of colon carcinogenesis significantly inhibits colon cancer incidence and prevents DMH induced histopathological lesions.     

Status of the antioxidant system and free radical lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic renal failure

Function of the antioxidant system (AOS) and intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied in 42 patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). The AOS state was studied by means of defining the content of SH-groups in erythrocytes using a method of quantitative cytochemistry, LPO activity was determined according to the level of diene conjugates of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids in the erythrocytic membrane by spectrophotometry. AOS functional incompetence was found in uremic patients. Of diagnostic importance was parallelism revealed between a degree of AOS damage and CRI stages. The results of investigation indicated the presence of marked imbalance between AOS and LPO, causing probably some clinical manifestations in CRI patients. Antioxidant preparations could be recommended for use in combined therapy of CRI patients.     

Effects of propylthiouracil, propranolol, and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in hyperthyroid patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine lipid peroxidation and antioxidant states during hyperthyroidism states and after given different treatments. DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined 44 hyperthyroid patients and 19 euthyroid healthy controls. Patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment: Propylthiouracil (PTU) group, PTU + propranolol (PRP) group, PTU + PRP + vitamin E (vitE) group. RESULTS: In the hyperthyroid patients plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly high as compared to the control group (p < 0,001).There was a significant decrease in the MDA levels post-treatment (p < 0.001 in the PTU + PRP group and PTU + PRP + vitE group, p < 0.01 in the PTU group). In the hyperthyroidism, blood reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were lower, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were higher than in the control group, but these changes were not significant. Post-treatment in each of the three groups the GSH levels were increased significantly as compared to the pretreatment levels (p < 0.001). There was significant decrease in the SOD activity post treatment (p < 0.01 in all three groups). Post-treatment CAT activity was decreased (p < 0.05 in the PTU group, p < 0.001 in the other two groups). The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity was lower significantly in the hyperthyroidism as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Post-treatment, in the three groups Gpx activity increased significantly as compared to the pretreatment levels (p < 0.05 in the PTU group, p < 0.001 in the PTU + PRP group and PTU + PRP + vitE group). CONCLUSION: We considered that giving all three treatments would be useful to the prevention of oxidative stress in the hyperthyroidism states.     

Redox status and lipid peroxidation in alcoholic hypertensive patients and alcoholic hypertensive patients with diabetes

Background: Free radical-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in the progression of alcoholic hypertension and diabetic hypertension. Methods: The lipid peroxides and antioxidant status of plasma and erythrocytes were investigated in alcoholic hypertensive patients and alcoholic hypertensive patients with diabetes and compared with normal subjects. Results: A significant increase is observed in the levels of glucose, lipid peroxidation (P<0.05) in the alcoholic hypertensive patients with/without diabetes and the increase was significantly higher in alcoholic hypertensive patients with diabetes. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and plasma concentrations of GSH, vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene decreased significantly and the level of ceruloplasmin increased in alcoholic hypertensive patients with/without diabetes when compared to normal subjects. Plasma GSH and vitamin E levels exhibited a further decrease in alcoholic hypertensive patients with diabetes. Conclusions: An enhanced lipid peroxidation is observed in alcoholic hypertensive patients with diabetes and a more pronounced decrease in the levels of plasma GSH and vitamin E among antioxidants.     

Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in patients with types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemias

We measured lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes of types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemic (HLP) human subjects in comparison with age-matched controls. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a measure of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocytes. We also measured lipid parameters including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI, and apolipoprotein B, and antioxidant related substances such as serum albumin, free iron, ferritin, ceruloplasmin. Thirty-two subjects (females 15, males 17) with type IIb (the mean age 45.6+/-8 [S.E.]), 34 with type IV (females 16, males 18) (the mean age 47+/-10 [S.E.]), and 36 normolipidemic voluntary subjects (females 18, males 18) (the mean age 46+/-8 [S.E.]) were included in the study. Erythrocytes were prepared by classical washing method (0.9% NaCl) from venous blood samples. The mean TBARS levels in plasma and erythrocyte suspensions were found to be significantly higher in both types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased but erythrocyte GR activity did not change in both types IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte CAT activity was decreased in type IIb, but it was increased in type IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Erythrocyte SOD activity was negatively correlated with plasma TG level, whereas plasma free iron was positively correlated with plasma TBARS level in type IV hyperlipoproteinemics. These results suggest the presence of oxidative injury in patients with type IIb or IV hyperlipoproteinemia, and that the responses of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes to oxidant stress are different in these conditions.     

Effect of smoking on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in normal subjects and in patients during and after acute myocardial infarction

We studied changes in lipid peroxidation, vitamin E status and lipid profile due to smoking in healthy subjects, patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and in stabilized patients surviving MI. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations was observed in MI patients, more than in smokers (P<0.05), as compared to control. The plasma vitamin E as well as the ratio of vitamin E/lipids were significantly lower in MI patients as compared to stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients and controls. Our data show that smoking is associated with lowered antioxidant status in MI.     

Assessment of salivary and serum antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration

Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by recurrent, painful oral aphthae. Although the exact cause of RAU is not known, local trauma, microorganisms, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, genetics, and immunological factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the level of lipid peroxidation and status of antioxidant vitamins in patients with RAU. Thirty patients with RAU and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Vitamins A, E, and C and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both serum and saliva of patients with RAU and control subjects by high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of vitamins A, E and C in both fluids were significantly lower (p < 0.05 for vitamins A and E, and p < 0.005 for vitamin C, respectively) in patients with RAU than in healthy control subjects. Conversely, the levels of MDA in serum and saliva were significantly higher (p < 0.005) in patients with RAU than in the control group. Furthermore, strong and highly significant correlation was found between serum and salivary levels of vitamins A, E and C, and MDA in patients with RAU (r > or = 0.90, p < 0.0001). The present study demonstrates that the serum and saliva levels of selected antioxidant vitamins are lower, while the degree of lipid peroxidation, as judged by the MDA levels, is higher in patients with RAU than in the control subjects. This is the first to measure specific antioxidant levels in both saliva and blood in the same patients, and indicates that the non-enzymatic anti-oxidant ability is impaired in patients with RAU.     

慢性磷中毒患者脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的调查分析

目的 探讨慢性磷中毒患者脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的变化,为防治慢性磷中毒患者的职业病危害及进行健康监护提供手段和依据.方法 慢性磷中毒患者83例为研究对象,同时选择30例健康人作为正常对照组.以8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)作为DNA损伤的标记物,以巴比妥酸盐反应物质(TBARS)作为脂质过氧化的标记物,应用相应的测定试剂盒分别对慢性磷中毒患者血清中8-OHdG及丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及维生素E含量进行测定并分析.结果 慢性磷中毒患者各组与对照组相比,血清中8-OhdG及MDA含量水平显著增高(P<0.01).而总抗氧化能力(TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及维生素E含量均较正常对照组降低(P<0.01).分层分析,中度组和重度组与对照组相比较.差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论氧化应激与慢性磷中毒发病具有一定的相关性,推测补充维生素C、E等抗氧化物质可能对慢性磷中毒的治疗和预防有重要作用.     

Altered antioxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation in children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to a pediatric emergency service

Acute gastroenteritis is a common illness worldwide and has a great impact on children. Our aim was to examine possible alterations in the antioxidant defense in pediatric gastroenteritis. To comprehensively examine the reaction of the antioxidant system, all possible components of the system were measured. The whole blood malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione, serum beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, catalase, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were studied. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels were found to be increased; however, beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and albumin levels were observed to be significantly decreased. Catalase activity remained unchanged, whereas some of the other non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ceruloplasmin, total bilirubin, and uric acid levels were increased compared to the control group. We have shown an association between antioxidant levels and gastroenteritis in children. Further study is needed to assess whether antioxidant supplementation will be beneficial as an adjunct to conventional relevant therapy of the disease.     

Plasma total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVES: The metabolism of cells in inflammatory and noninflammatory arthritic joint diseases is subject to complex environmental controls. The aim of the present study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of TAC, malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were estimated in patients with RA and OA and compared with controls. RESULTS: The plasma TAC levels were significantly lower in the RA group than the OA and control group (P < 0.05). Plasma MDA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RA than those with OA and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte GSH-Px and CAT activities were found to be significantly lower in patients with RA than those with OA and healthy subjects (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in erythrocyte SOD activities between the groups (P > 0.05). ESR were significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy subjects and patients with OA (P < 0.01). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between TAC vs. MDA, ESR vs. TAC, and a positive correlation between ESR vs. MDA in the RA group (r = -0.398, P < 0.05; r = -0.422, P < 0.05; r = 0.530, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that levels of LPO are increased in patients with RA compared to patients with OA. In addition, plasma TAC levels are decreased in RA due to its inflammatory character. We conclude that detecting plasma TAC levels with this novel method may be used as a routine and rapid test to verify the levels of oxidative stress in RA. Furthermore, correlating TAC and LPO levels with acute phase reactants such as ESR may give some clues about disease activity in RA.     

Indices of lipid peroxidation and the ceruloplasmin-transferrin antioxidant system in donors

The blood serum ceruloplasmin, transferrin, malonic dialdehyde, iron and copper levels have been measured in donors. These parameters varied in groups of subjects aged 20-29 and 30-45, no age-associated differences being recorded within both the groups. Certain differences have been revealed between the donors who furnished their blood more or less than 3 times a year. The results of this investigation may be useful in clinical screenings of donors.     

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in the blood of breast cancer patients of different ages after chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil,doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide

ObjectivesBreast carcinoma is related to the increase of lipid peroxidation in plasma with concomitant decrease of antioxidant (AO) defense capacity in blood cells, which becomes more pronounced during aging of the patients. This work evaluated the potential age-related effect of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) on the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LP), glutathione (GSH), AO enzyme activities of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in breast cancer patients. The level of CuZnSOD protein was assessed after the FAC therapy and radiotherapy of breast cancer.Design and methodsAO parameters were measured in the blood of 58 breast cancer patients and 60 healthy age-matched healthy subjects by biochemical and Western blot analyses.ResultsIncreased oxidative stress (LP: p < 0.05) and decreased AO enzyme activities (CuZnSOD: p < 0.01, GPx: p < 0.05, GR: p < 0.01) and GSH level (p < 0.01) in the blood of breast cancer patients in response to FAC chemotherapy seem not to be age-dependent. CuZnSOD enzyme expression decreased after the FAC chemotherapy (p < 0.05), while it increased after the radiotherapy of breast cancer (p < 0.05).ConclusionFAC chemotherapy and radiotherapy promote further oxidative shift, which potentiate already existing chronic oxidative stress linked to breast cancer. In these effects, impaired capacity for H₂O₂ detoxification (CAT, GPX and GSH) seems to have major contribution.