Shikani与Macintosh两种喉镜在胸科手术患者双腔支气管插管中的比较

目的:比较Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜,在胸科手术患者双腔支气管插管的临床效果。方法:选择需行单肺通气的胸外科手术患者60例,随机均分为两组,Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组)各30例。麻醉诱导后分别采用Shikani喉镜或Macintosh喉镜,实施经口双腔支气管插管操作。记录并比较麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管前(T2)、气管插管后即刻(T3)、气管插管后5 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)值、心率(HR)值和脑电双频指数(BIS)值。观察比较2组插管时间、置入目标支气管的成功率及口腔损伤出血情况。结果:在T3点,M组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)均明显高于S组患者(P<0.05),其余各时间点两组患者的血流动力学指标,差异均无统计学意义。各点脑电双频指数(BIS)值,两组间比较差异均无统计学意义。S组患者的插管时间明显相似文献   

Airtraq可视喉镜在困难气道全麻患者气管插管中的应用

目的观察应用Airtraq可视喉镜对困难气道患者全麻中行气管插管的临床效果。方法选择拟经口气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期手术的困难气道患者60例,MallampatisⅢ～Ⅳ级,随机分为Airtraq组、Macintosh组,每组各30例。两组均采用慢诱导气管插管,诱导后分别采用Airtraq可视喉镜及Macintosh喉镜进行气管插管操作,比较两组气管插管一次成功率、插管时间和麻醉诱导前（T1）、诱导后（T2）、气管插管后即刻（T3）及气管插管后3 min（T4）的HR、SBP、DBP,观察两组声门暴露及并发症情况。结果 Airtraq组气管插管一次成功率高于Macintosh组,插管时间短于Macintosh组,T3、T4时HR、SBP、DBP低于Macintosh组,并发症发生率低于Macintosh组（P均〈0.05）。Airtraq组Ⅰ级气管插管声门暴露的比例高于Macintosh组（P〈0.05）。结论 Airtraq可视喉镜具有快速、声门暴露好、气管插管时血流动力学变化幅度小、插管损伤小的优点,适合于困难气道患者的气管插管。     

困难气道老年患者视频喉镜与直接喉镜下经口气管插管应激反应比较

目的比较用Glide Scope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管的老年困难气道患者应激反应发生情况。方法选择拟在全身麻醉下实施择期手术的老年困难气道患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级、年龄65岁以上、Cormack-Lehane分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,随机分为Glide Scope视频喉镜组(G组)和Macintosh直接喉镜组(M组),各20例。麻醉诱导后分别使用Glide Scope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜显露声门行气管插管。记录各组患者的插管时间及基础值(T0)、诱导后插管前即刻(T1)、及插管后1 min(T2)、5 min(T3)、10 min(T4)、30 min(T5)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)数值;并于T0、T3、T4、T5时检测血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)的浓度。结果与T0相比,T2、T3时两组及T4时M组HR、SBP、DBP均升高(P<0.05),T5时M组的SBP升高(P<0.05),T3、T4时两组血浆EN、E、肾素、ATⅡ浓度升高(P<0.05),T5时M组血浆肾素、ATⅡ浓度升高(P<0.05);与G组比较,M组T3、T4时HR、SBP、DBP及T5时SBP升高(P<0.05),T4时血浆EN、E、肾素浓度及T5时肾素、ATⅡ浓度升高(P<0.05)。G组插管时间明显短于M组(P<0.05)。结论与Macintosh直接喉镜相比,应用Glide Scope视频喉镜行经口气管插管可以减轻老年困难气道患者血流动力学变化,降低应激反应的程度。     

GlideScope视频喉镜在评估困难气道中的应用

目的应用GlideScope视频喉镜对术前预计为困难气道的患者进行评估,探讨其应用价值。方法 30例术前评估为困难气道的患者,先在半清醒状态下分别应用Macintosh直接喉镜和GlideScope视频喉镜进行气道评估,记录喉部显露分级和暴露声门即刻血流动力学指标。若Cormack and Lehane分级评估在Ⅱ级以下,即在快诱导下行气管插管;Ⅱ级以上,则按照ASA困难气道处理方案执行。结果 GlideScope视频喉镜可显著降低Cormackand Lehane分级,与Macintosh直接喉镜相比其显露声门时所致的血流动力学波动更小。结论应用Glide Scope视频喉镜能够更直观精准的对困难气道进行评估,有利于选择适当的麻醉诱导方法,增加此类患者在插管时的安全系数、舒适度及避免不必要的血流动力学波动。     

光棒与直接喉镜对静脉全麻诱导时血流动力学及应激激素浓度的影响

目的评价光棒和直接喉镜对全凭静脉麻醉（TIVA）患者诱导时血流动力学和应激激素浓度的影响。方法纳入研究72例择期TIVA患者,分为光棒组和直接喉镜组,分别于麻醉诱导前（T0）、气管插管前（T1）、气管插管即刻（T2）、气管插管后3 min（T3）记录收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）,并于各时点采静脉血检测血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）、血浆皮质醇（cort）及血管紧张素Ⅱ（ATⅡ）浓度变化水平。结果麻醉诱导后两组患者SBP、DBP、HR均降低（P〈0.05）;气管插管即刻和气管插管后两组NE、E、cort和ATⅡ水平升高（P〈0.05）,光棒组上述激素水平较气管插管组减少（P〈0.05）。结论光棒比直接喉镜能更有效地抑制TIVA患者气管插管的应激反应,维持血液动力学稳定。     

I-gel喉罩辅助纤维支气管镜引导经口气管插管对全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的观察I-gel喉罩辅助纤维支气管镜(FOB)引导经口气管插管对全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将40例择期全麻手术患者随机分为M组和O组各20例,常规麻醉诱导后,M组采用Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管,O组采用I-gel喉罩辅助FOB引导经口气管插管。观察麻醉插管不同时间点血压(BP)和心率(HR)、喉部暴露情况的Cormack/Lehane(C/L)分级、插管时间,并计算收缩压(SBP)与HR乘积(RPP)。结果 O组C/L分级为(1.30±0.47)级,低于M组的(1.80+0.62)级(P<0.01)。O组气管插管时间为(74.2±11.1)s,建立有效气道通气时间为(18.2±4.9)s,M组分别为(34.4±10.5)、(34.4±10.5)s,两组比较,P均<0.01。两组诱导后的BP、HR和RPP值均较诱导前的基础值下降(P均<0.05),插管即刻和气管插管后3 min内BP、HR和RPP较诱导后增高(P均<0.05),但O组插管即刻和气管插管后1 min的BP、HR和RPP比M组低(P均<0.05),且M组气管插管后4 min的BP、HR和RPP较诱导后仍较高(P均<0.05)。结论 I-gel喉罩辅助FOB引导经口气管插管对全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响轻于Macintosh直接喉镜气管插管。     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉诱导对气管插管血流动力学的影响

目的观察不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉诱导对气管插管血流动力学的影响。方法 74例行喉镜下气管插管的患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=37例)采用1μg/kg瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉诱导;观察组(n=37例)采用2μg/kg瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉诱导。观察和比较两组血流动力学变化及麻醉期间反应情况。结果两组患者行麻醉诱导时血压均明显低于基础值(P0.05),两组间血压比较无显著差异性(P0.05),两组患者气管插管后血压均高于插管前即刻(P0.05),HR则无显著性改变(P0.05);观察组气管插管反应的发生率及麻醉诱导时异丙酚使用总量均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 2μg/kg瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚静注诱导可明显降低插管反应发生率及异丙酚用量,是一种良好的联合诱导剂量。     

Glide Scope图视喉镜、普通直接喉镜经口气管插管时应激反应的比较

将40例拟经口气管插管的全麻患者随机分为Glide Scope图视喉镜组（A组）和Macintosh喉镜组（B组）,记录两组心率（HR）、动脉收缩压（SBP）、动脉舒张压（DBP）的基础值（To）和诱导前（T1）、插管时（T2）及插管后1（T3）、3（T4）、5（T5）min的数值;并于T0、T4、T5检测血浆肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）浓度。发现A组T2、T3时及B组T2、L、T4时HR、SBP、DBP均较T0时升高,A组T2、T3时SBP、DBP及T4、T5时的血浆E、NE浓度均较B组相同时点低。认为使用Glide Scope图视喉镜经口气管插管引起的应激反应明显低于普通喉镜。     

可视喉镜在困难气管插管中的应用价值

目的探讨视可尼可视喉镜(SOS)在困难气管插管中的应用价值。方法 54例拟行困难气管插管患者随机分为2组,S组(n=27例)采用视可尼可视喉镜行气管插管,M组(n=27例)采用Macintoch直接喉镜行气管插管。监测两组患者诱导前、插管开始时和插管完成时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),并记录插管时间和插管相关并发症。结果与诱导前比较,插管开始时两组患者MAP、HR均明显降低(P<0.05);插管完成时M组MAP、HR较S组明显升高(P<0.05);S组插管时间明显短于M组(P<0.05);S组插管后并发症发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。结论视可尼可视喉镜用于困难气管插管对患者循环功能影响较小,并发症少,插管时间缩短。     

插管导入器在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者全身麻醉气管插管中的应用效果观察

目的观察插管导入器在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者全身麻醉气管插管中的应用效果。方法选择60例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)老年患者,随机分为插管导入器组(A组)和直接喉镜组(B组)。A组采用插管导入器辅助气管插管,B组直接喉镜下直视气管插管。记录并比较患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后气管插管前(T1)、插管即刻(T2)、气管插管后1 min(T3)、气管插管后5 min(T4)各个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(Sp O2),以及两组的插管时间和成功率,观察插管后有无咽喉口腔黏膜损伤、牙齿牙龈损伤、咽喉疼痛以及声音嘶哑等并发症发生。结果两组在T2、T3时间点的MAP、HR均明显高于插管前(P0.05);且B组较A组明显升高(P0.05);A组插管时间和并发症发生率明显短于或低于B组(P0.05)。结论插管导入器辅助气管插管比直接喉镜更能有效地抑制老年患者气管插管的应激反应,维持血流动力学的稳定,对提高老年患者全麻诱导和气管插管期间的安全性和舒适度有重要临床意义。     

Comparison of McGrath Series 3 and Macintosh Laryngoscopes for Tracheal Intubation in Patients With Normal Airway by Inexperienced Anesthetists: A Randomized Study

Difficult and failed intubations account for the major causes of morbidity and mortality in current anesthetic practice. Several devices including McGrath Series 3 videolaryngoscope are available which may facilitate tracheal intubation by improving view of the larynx compared with Macintosh blade laryngoscopy. But no studies demonstrate whether McGrath Series 3 performs better than Macintosh laryngoscope in normal airway intubations by inexperienced anesthetists so far. We therefore designed this randomized controlled study to compare McGrath with Macintosh in routine tracheal intubation performed by inexperienced anesthetists.In total, 180 adult patients with normal-appearing airways requiring orotracheal intubation for elective surgery were randomly allocated to be intubated by 9 inexperienced anesthetists with McGrath or Macintosh. The primary outcome was time to intubation. Ease of intubation was assessed by a 5-point ordinal scale. Intubation attempts/failures, best laryngoscopy view using the Cormack–Lehane grade, associated complications and hemodynamic changes during intubation were recorded.We found that there was no significant difference between McGrath and Macintosh in the median time to intubation (P = 0.46); the Cormack–Lehane views attained using McGrath were superior (P < 0.001); the difference of ease of intubation was statistically significant (P = 0.01). No serious trauma occurred in both groups. And there was statistically significant difference in the systolic blood pressure changes between 2 groups (P < 0.05).We demonstrated that in orotracheal intubation in patients with normal airway by inexperienced anesthetists, McGrath compared with the Macintosh allows superior glottis views, greater ease of intubation, less complications, and hemodynamic changes with noninferior intubation time. And it remained a potential selection for inexperienced anesthetists in uncomplicated intubation.     

不同肌肉松弛药对于先心病患者麻醉诱导时血压和心率的影响

目的 :研究不同肌肉松弛药用于先心病患者麻醉诱导时对血压和心率的影响。方法 :48例择期先天性心脏病矫形手术患者 ,心功能 ～ 级 ,随机分为 6组 ,每组 8例。泮库溴铵、阿曲库铵和维库溴铵 （剂量均为 0 .1mg/ kg）分别合用安定 （0 .2 m g/ kg）和小剂量芬太尼 （5 μg/ kg）或大剂量芬太尼 （10 μg/ kg）。记录插管前、后的血压、心率变化。结果 :与小剂量芬太尼合用进行麻醉诱导时 ,泮库溴铵有增快心率作用 （P<0 .0 1） ,对血压影响不明显 ,阿曲库铵有明显减慢心率作用和降压作用 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1） ,维库溴铵有轻度减慢心率作用 （P<0 .0 1） ,对血压影响不大 ;与大剂量芬太尼合用时 ,泮库溴铵对心率的影响不显著 ,并引起血压轻度下降 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,阿曲库铵仍表现明显有减慢心率作用 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,其降压作用的时间有所延长 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1） ,维库溴铵减慢心率作用时间有所延长 （P<0 .0 1） ,并使血压显著下降 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1）。结论 :先心病矫治术麻醉诱导时宜选择泮库溴铵和较小剂量芬太尼 （5μg/ kg）合用 ,可减少诱导时心动过缓的发生率。     

Use of the GlideScope does not lower the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation more than the Macintosh laryngoscope: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:It is presently unclear whether the hemodynamic response to intubation is less marked with indirect laryngoscopy using the GlideScope (GlideScope) than with direct laryngoscopy using the Macintosh laryngoscope. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether using the GlideScope lowers the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation more than using the Macintosh laryngoscope.Methods:We performed a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases for clinical trials comparing hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The primary aim was to determine whether the heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MBP) 60 s after tracheal intubation with the GlideScope were lower than after intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope. We expressed pooled differences in HR and MBP between the devices as the weighted mean difference with 95% confidence interval and also performed trial sequential analysis (TSA). Second, we examined whether use of the GlideScope resulted in lower post-intubation hemodynamic responses at 120, 180, and 300 s compared with use of the Macintosh laryngoscope. For sensitivity analysis, we used a multivariate random effects model that accounted for within-study correlation of the longitudinal data.Results:The literature search identified 13 articles. HR and MBP at 60 seconds post-intubation was not significantly lower with the GlideScope than with the Macintosh (HR vs MBP: weighted mean difference = 0.22 vs 2.56; 95% confidence interval −3.43 to 3.88 vs −0.82 to 5.93; P = .90 vs 0.14; I² = 77% vs 63%: Cochran Q, 52.7 vs 27.2). Use of the GlideScope was not associated with a significantly lower HR or MBP at 120, 180, or 300 s post-intubation. TSA indicated that the total sample size was over the futility boundary for HR and MBP. Sensitivity analysis indicated no significant association between use of the GlideScope and a lower HR or MBP at any measurement point.Conclusions:Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the GlideScope did not lower the hemodynamic response after tracheal intubation. Sensitivity analysis results supported this finding, and the results of TSA suggest that the total sample size exceeded the TSA monitoring boundary for HR and MBP.     

Comparative hemodynamic effects of propofol and thiamylal sodium during anesthetic induction for myocardial revascularization

The safety and efficacy of propofol, a new intravenous anesthetic agent, have been demonstrated in healthy patients. Twenty-one patients, ASA III–IV, undergoing elective myocardial revascularization, were randomly chosen to receive either propofol, 2.5 mg/kg, or thiamylal, 4 mg/kg, for the induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamics were recorded at one and three minutes after drug administration during spontaneous respiration. After the addition of halothane and pancuronium with controlled ventilation, measurements were made immediately prior to and one minute after intubation. Five patients were dropped from the study, four due to airway problems and one due to severe hypotension following an induction dose of propofol. Statistics were done using data from the remaining 16 patients, eight in each group. Administration of propofol resulted in significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and left ventricular stroke work index ILVSWI); as well as an increase in heart rate (HR). These changes were further accentuated by the addition of halothane and pancuronium prior to intubation. Patients in the thiamylal group experienced no significant hemodynamic changes until halothane and pancuronium were added and controlled ventilation was instituted. With these additions, the thiamylal group showed significant decreases in MAP and LVSWI immediately prior to intubation. Both groups experienced significant increases in HR following intubation, but no evidence of myocardial ischemia was seen in either group. All other parameters returned toward control values. Propofol appeared to be safe and effective for the induction of anesthesia in this group of patients, although its hemodynamic effects were greater than those of thiamylal.     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定对高血压患者全麻诱导气管插管时血流动力学影响。方法:选取40例需气管插管全麻手术的高血压病患者,随机分为试药组和对照组(每组20例),分别在麻醉诱导前10 min泵入右美托咪定1μg/kg和生理盐水。记录给药前(基础值T0)、给药后(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、插管后即刻(T3)、插管后3、5和10 min(T4、T5、T6)时患者心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和脑电双频指数(BIS)的变化。记录麻醉诱导时丙泊酚的用量。结果:对照组T3、T4时HR、SBP和DBP均比T0时显著升高(P0.05,P0.01)。试药组T3~T5时HR、SBP和DBP分别与T0时比较无显著差异。试药组T3、T4时HR、SBP和DBP显著低于对照组同一时间点(P0.05,P0.01)。试药组在T5时HR和SBP显著低于对照组同一时间点(P0.05)。诱导时试药组丙泊酚用量(113±22)mg显著低于对照组(140±25)mg(P0.01)。试药组T1时BIS值(73±4)显著低于C组(97±2)(P0.01)。结论:麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪啶1μg/kg能显著抑制气管插管时血流动力学反应,减少诱导时丙泊酚用量。     

老年高血压患者诱导前予右美托咪啶对插管期血流动力学的影响

目的观察右美托咪啶预注对老年高血压,尤其是未控制的老年高血压患者的全麻诱导期气管插管时血流动力学改变的影响。方法：选择未控制和控制良好拟在全麻下行择期手术的老年高血压患者各40例,ASA均为Ⅱ级。分为4组：D1组（血压控制良好组,术前规则服用降压药,血压维持在140—160／80—90mmHg,麻醉诱导前静脉滴注右美托咪啶0．7gg／kg,输注时间10min）,D2组（入院后方诊断为高血压,收缩压〉160mg,麻醉诱导前静脉滴注右美托咪啶0．7gg／kg,输注时间10min）,C1组（入选标准同D1,麻醉诱导前静脉滴注等量生理盐水）和C2组（入选标准同D：组,麻醉诱导前静脉滴注等量生理盐水）,每组各20例。分别记录人室（T0）、用药前（T1）、全麻诱导前（T2）、气管插管前（T2）、插管后即刻（T4）、插管后5min（T5）患者的肱动脉收缩压（SAP）、舒张压（DAP）、心率（HR）和脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）。结果：各组基本信息无统计学差异。各组在T0和T1时间点,各观察指标亦无差异俨〉O．05）。与T0相比,右美托咪啶组（Dl和D2）在T2和T3时间点SAP和HR降低（P〈0．05）,插管后（T4）血流动力学基本没有变化;C1和C2组插管后（T4）,SAP、DAP和HR较插管前（T3）上升（P〈0．05）。结论全麻诱导前静脉预注右美托咪啶,不仅能使血压控制良好的老年高血压患者全麻诱导及气管插管期间的血流动力学维持稳定,对血压未经控制的老年高血压患者同样安全有效,且有利于对老年高血压患者更好地进行围术期血流动力学管理。     

七氟醚诱导对肺功能不同程度受损患者循环功能、麻醉效能的影响及相关性

目的探讨七氟醚诱导对肺功能不同程度受损患者的循环功能、麻醉效能的影响及其与肺功能受损程度相关性。方法选择30例需择期手术治疗的患者依肺功能检查结果分为A、B、C三组。采用8%-6%-4%浓度递减法行吸入诱导,记录诱导过程中BIS值、血压、心率的变化及患者从清醒到意识消失的时间。结果诱导前、插管前、插管后1 min、2 min的BIS值三组比较均无统计学差异;意识消失的时间,插管后3 min的BIS值,插管后1 min的MAP、HR,插管后2 min和3 min的ΔMAP、ΔHR,插管后即刻心率,A组与C组比较有统计学差异,C组高于A组(P0.05);插管后2 min和3 min A与B、C组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论肺功能异常者诱导的时间较肺功能正常者长,BIS下降的速度亦慢于肺功能正常者,其更易处于一种较深的麻醉状态而保持循环稳定性。