老年高血压患者踝臂指数、脉搏波传导速度与心脏结构、功能改变的相关性

目的 探讨老年高血压患者踝臂指数(ABI)、脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)与心脏结构、功能改变的相关性.方法 73例老年高血压患者进行全自动动脉硬化测试仪(VP-1000)和超声心动图检查,分别按ABI和baPWV分两组:ABI低值组和ABI正常组,baPWV增高组和baPWV正常组.结果 ABI低值组左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、IVS明显大于ABI正常组(P＜0.05).与ABI正常组比较,ABI低值组EF、E/A均明显减低(P＜0.05).baPWV增高组收缩压、脉压明显大于baPWV正常组(P＜0.05).与baPWV正常组比较,baPWV增高组LAD、LVPW、IVS明显增高,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).baPWV增高组EF小于baPWV正常组,差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 ABI与老年高血压患者心脏结构、功能的改变呈正相关,baPWV与老年高血压患者心脏结构、功能的改变呈正相关,可为临床医生进行尽早干预治疗提供信息.     

老年糖尿病并存冠心病患者下肢动脉硬化与心功能的相关性

目的 探讨老年糖尿病(DM)并存冠心病(CHD)患者下肢动脉硬化和心功能变化的相关性. 方法 将441例老年患者分为CHD组117例、DM组42例、DM并存CHD组(DM+CHD组)132例、无DM与CHD的对照组150例.用全自动动脉硬化测量仪测定下肢动脉硬化相关指标:收缩压、舒张压、脉压、臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、踝臂指数(ABI)、趾臂指数(TBI).用多普勒超声心动仪测定心功能相关指标:左心房直径(LA)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS),左心室射血分数(EF)、EF斜率. 结果 DM+CHD组的baPWV较DM组和对照组增加[分别为(2012±354)与(1849±467)、(1863±347)cm/s,均为P<0.05];DM+CHD组ABI较其他3组降低[分别为(0.91±0.23)与(1.15±0.11)、(1.07±0.16)、(1.06±0.14)em/s,均为P<0.053;TBI两两比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).DM+CHD组LA和LVPw与CHD组和DM组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但较对照组增高(P<0.05);DM+CHD组的FS和EF斜率较DM组和对照组降低(P<0.05);DM+CHD组EF较其他3组降低(均为P<0.05).baPWV与FS、EF和EF斜率呈负相关(r分别为-0.112、-0.151、-0.275,均为P<0.05);ABI与FS、EF和EF斜率呈正相关(r分别0.150、0.186、0.260,均为P<0.01);TBI与LA和LVPW呈负相关(r分别-0.158、-0.171,均为P<0.01),与FS、EF和EF斜率正相关(r分别0.163、0.197、0.243,均为P<0.01).结论 老年DM并存CHD患者下肢动脉硬化,心功能下降.baPWV、ABI、TBI的监测小仅直接反映了外周血管功能,同时与心功能密切相关,一定程度上反映了心功能的状况.可为心血管疾病的早期检测和防治提供依据.     

维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响及其相关因素分析

目的应用多普勒超声心动图检测维持性血液透析患者左心室收缩及舒张功能指标,并探讨相关因素对心脏功能的影响。方法根据血压、血红蛋白、每周透析时间和KT/V值将44例尿毒症患者分为透析充分组(A组,24例)和未充分透析组(B组,17例)。血液透析前后及首次超声心动检查一年后透析前测定左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末内径(LVDs)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT),得出左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS),测定心率(HR)。并依据上述指标判断左心室收缩及舒张功能。结果首次超声心动检查左心室舒张功能减退占59.1%,收缩功能减退占18.2%;左心室肥厚占43.2%。LAD、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPWT值较对照组明显增加,FS、EF、E/A、EI/AI较对照组明显降低,单次透析前后FS、EF、E/A、EI/AI无显著变化。一年后左心室舒张功能减退占80.5%;收缩功能减退占22.0%,均同时伴有舒张功能减退。左心室肥厚占70.7%。LAD、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPWT值明显增加,FS、EF、E/A、EI/AI明显降低;A、B组LAD、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPWT均较对照组明显增加,B组尤为显著;B组E/A、EI/AI较A组明显下降。结论长期维持性血液透析患者首先出现左心室舒张功能障碍,进而影响收缩功能;单次血液透析后左心室收缩及舒张功能无改善;血液透析一年后左心室收缩、舒张功能明显降低,尤以舒张功能降低显著。未充分透析患者舒张功能下降更明显。     

血清尿酸含量与冠心病患者心脏功能及结构的相关性分析

目的　分析 178例冠心病患者血清尿酸 (UA)含量与心脏结构和功能之间的相关性。方法　根据患者UA含量分为UA正常组 (UAn ;n =71)与UA升高组 (UAe ;n =10 7) ,以LA、LV、IVS、LVPW、LVM、LVMI、RWT作为心脏结构改变指标 ,EF、FS、E/A值作为心脏功能指标 ,对组间上述指标进行比较 ,两因素之间采用二元变量相关分析 ,采用偏相关分析校正干扰因素。结果　与UAn组相比 ,UAe组LA、LV、LVM、LVMI显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IVS、LVPW、RWT、EF、FS及E/A值显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,相关分析显示 ,血清尿酸含量与LA、LV、LVM、LVMI呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与IVS、LVPW、RWT、EF、FS及E/A值呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,经年龄、性别、BMI、血压、血脂与血糖、冠脉病变范围与CKMB校正后 ,上述相关性仍然存在 ,并具有统计学意义。结论　血清尿酸含量与冠心病患者心肌重构及心脏功能具有显著相关性 ,此相关性可不依赖于年龄、性别、BMI、血压、血脂及血糖而独立存在。监测冠心病患者血清尿酸含量并采取相应的措施调整血清尿酸水平 ,对临床防治冠心病心衰具有重要意义。     

肥胖对2型糖尿病患者临床特征及心脏结构功能的影响

目的 探讨肥胖对2型糖尿病患者心脏结构和功能的影响. 方法 符合WHO1999年糖尿病诊断标准的住院2型糖尿病患者270例.根据2000年亚太地区肥胖诊断标准将所有患者分为非肥胖组和肥胖组.使用M型超声心动图检测升主动脉内径(AOD)、左房内径(LAD)、左室收缩期内径(LVDs)、左室舒张期内径(LVDd)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、射血分数(EF),采用多普勒超声检测二尖瓣E峰与A峰比值(E/A). 结果 (1)肥胖组体质量、体表面积、舒张压、空腹胰岛素、餐后胰岛素、空腹C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及三酰甘油高于非肥胖组,非肥胖组糖化血红蛋白及空腹血糖高于肥胖组;(2)肥胖组LAD.IVS、LVPW、左心室质量及E/A比值＜1的发生率高于非肥胖组;(3)多元逐步回归分析:非肥胖组EF与体质量指数呈负相关;肥胖组EF与收缩压呈正相关,与胆固醇、左心室质量(LVM)、空腹胰岛素呈负相关.结论 肥胖糖尿病患者存在明显左心肥大、左心舒张功能异常,与胰岛素抵抗、高三酰甘油血症并存.     

慢性肾衰竭合并高尿酸血症患者hs-CRP、vWF水平与心脏功能的相关性

目的探讨慢性肾衰竭(CRF)合并高尿酸血症(HUA)患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血管性血友病因子(v WF)与心脏功能的相关性分析。方法选择60例CRF患者,其中CRF合并HUA患者28例(合并组)、仅CRF患者32例(单纯疾病组),同时抽取该院体检正常者30例作为对照组,分别检测其hs-CRP、v WF水平与心脏功能。结果 hs-CRP、v WF、尿酸水平组间差异均显著(P0.05),合并组和单纯疾病组中hs-CRP、v WF、尿酸水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),合并组高于单纯疾病组(P0.05)。射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室舒张末期容量(EDV)、收缩末期容量(ESV)心脏功能指标组间差别具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中合并组和单纯疾病组EF、FS、EDV、ESV水平低于对照组,LAD、LVEDD、IVS高于对照组(P0.05),但合并组与单纯疾病组中EF、FS、LAD、LVEDD、IVS、EDV、ESV指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论尿酸水平可能是CRF发生的独立危险因素且严重影响着心脏功能。     

血清尿酸含量与冠心病患者心脏功能及结构的相关性分析

目的分析178例冠心病患者血清尿酸(UA)含量与心脏结构和功能之间的相关性. 方法根据患者UA含量分为UA正常组(UAn;n=107)与UA升高组(UAe;n=71),以LA、LV、Ⅳs、LVPW、LVM、LV-MI、RWT作为心脏结构改变指标,EF、FS、E/A值作为心脏功能指标,对组间上述指标进行比较,两因素之间采用二元变量相关分析,采用偏相关分析校正干扰因素.     

老年冠心病患者左心室收缩和舒张功能障碍诊断方法的价值及其相关关系

目的　探讨临床心功能分级 (NYHA)诊断、有创与无创检查方法对老年冠心病患者左心室收缩、舒张功能障碍的诊断价值及其相关关系。方法　 5 6例老年冠心病患者 ,分别用左心室X线造影、多普勒超声心动图和核素心室造影方法测定不同NYHA分级时的左心室射血分数 (LVEF)、E峰、A峰、E A比值和二尖瓣前瓣活动曲线EF斜率以及左心室高峰射血率 (PER)、左心室高峰充盈率 (PFR)值 ,并进行比较和相关分析。结果　心功能Ⅲ级组的LVEF值低于心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组 ,Ⅱ或Ⅲ级组超声LVEF高于同组其他方法LVEF值 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组间PER的比较差异有显著性意义 ;Ⅲ级组E峰、E A比值和EF斜率低于Ⅰ级组 ;不同方法LVEF值间具有正相关性 ,PER与LVEF间也有正相关性 ;NYHA分级与LVEF、PER间呈负相关 ,与年龄呈正相关 ,与E峰、E A、EF斜率以及PFR也呈负相关 ;年龄与E峰、EF斜率以及PFR均呈负相关 ;PFR与E峰、E A、EF斜率均呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5或 <0 .0 1)。结论　核素心室造影、多普勒超声心动图检测均有利于对老年冠心病患者左心室收缩、舒张功能障碍的诊断。     

老年多病因心力衰竭与心脏彩超左室射血分数的相关性

目的探究老年多病因心力衰竭与心脏彩超左室射血分数的相关性。方法 100例老年多病因心力衰竭患者入院后根据具体情况制定治疗方案。治疗前后对所有患者进行心脏彩超检查,根据治疗前的左室射血分数(LVEF)分为正常组(50例)和降低组(50例)。对比治疗前后两组LVEF、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、左心房内径(LAD),治疗后对两组心功能状况进行分级评估,并就老年多病因心力衰竭患者LVEF水平与LAD、LVDD及心功能分级的相关性进行分析。结果正常组治疗前后LVEF、LAD、LVDD水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);降低组治疗后LVEF水平明显高于治疗前,LAD、LVDD水平明显低于治疗前;治疗前后正常组LVEF水平均明显高于降低组,LAD、LVDD水平均明显低于降低组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现,LVEF与老年多病因心力衰竭患者LAD、LVDD水平呈负相关(r=-0.813、-0.764,P=0.000、0.000),与心功能分级呈正相关(r=0.822,P=0.000)。结论老年多病因心力衰竭与心脏彩超LVEF密切相关,能够对其心功能状况进行准确评估,但其诊断结果不具有特异性。尽管不能将LVEF作为诊断老年多病因心力衰竭的唯一方法,但可将其作为该病临床诊治的可靠应用指标。     

血尿酸水平对老年2型糖尿病患者心脏结构与功能的影响

目的探讨血尿酸水平对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者心脏结构及功能的影响。方法选择98例无心脏病病史的老年T2DM患者,根据血尿酸水平分为正常尿酸（A组）、高尿酸血症（B组）两组;均行彩超检测室间隔舒张末厚度（IVST）、左室后壁舒张末厚度（LVPWT）、左室舒张末内径（LVDd）、左室收缩末内径（LVDs）、左房内径（LAD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（FS）、二尖瓣E峰及A峰血流速度,计算E/A比值、左室质量（LVM）及左室质量指数（LVMI）。结果与A组比较,B组LAD、LVDs、LVDd明显增大,IVST、LVPWT、LVM、LVMI明显增加,E/A比值变小,EF、FS明显降低（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论老年T2DM并高尿酸血症患者的心脏结构改变明显,左室收缩、舒张功能异常严重。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.     

Tracing the protectors path from the germ line to the genome

One of the basic principles that nature uses in evolution is to recycle successful concepts and create new functions by modifying existing units. This conservatism in evolution has resulted in an astonishingly high sequence identity of genes, even between evolutionarily distant species such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens. The recycling of successful concepts in conjunction with gene duplication events has also led to the existence of highly homologous proteins within the genome of many species. Often, these homologous proteins show similar, yet distinct functions that, in combination with their individual tissue distribution, define their specific physiological role. One prominent example is the p53 protein family, which consists of p53, p63, and p73. Recent advances in understanding the specific biological functions of these members have shed some light onto the evolution of this crucial protein family, from a germ line-specific quality-control factor to a somatic tumor suppressor. Furthermore, structures of the oligomerization domains of the mammalian paralogs, p53 and p73, and invertebrate orthologs, CEP-1 and DMP53, have delineated evolutionary changes and revealed that the oligomerization domain of p53 lacks additional stabilizing structural elements present in all other p53 family members. This suggests that p53 is the most recent evolutionary member of this protein family and predicts a mechanism for p53 activation.