Experiences with the daily use of medications among chronic hepatitis C patients

BackgroundSubjective experiences with medication use are individual experiences that can impact health outcomes by contributing to problems related to such use.ObjetivesThe aim of the present study was to understand the experiences of chronic hepatitis C patients who were taking chronic medications, based on the phenomenology proposed by Merleau-Ponty and connection among this experience with the essential structures of the experience.MethodsData were gathered from interviews conducted with ten individuals taking long-term medications at the Viral Hepatitis Outpatient Clinic of the Alfa Gastroenterology Institute of the Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The content of field diaries kept during the interviews were also used. Thematic analysis was employed, enabling the identification of the ways in which individuals experienced their medication routines, which were then reorganized to encompass the essential structures of the experience.ResultsThe researchers identified four ways patients experience daily medication use, all anchored in corporeality: resolution, adversity, ambiguity, and irrelevance. The first three were based on the perspective that daily medication use is more than a mere mechanical action, involving changes in the phenomenal body, relieving, eliminating or causing symptoms in the physical body, normalizing life and symbolizing the disease.Final considerationsThe present study allowed the researchers to infer that the same individual can even simultaneously experience daily medication use in different ways, depending on the disease and the medication in question. It also allowed for the understanding of the cyclical nature of experience with daily medication use, being that the introduction of a new medication can give rise to a new experience. The results point to the complexity of this experience, which requires formal education and places health professionals as responsible for this aspect of care.     

高效液相色谱法测定小檗碱甲氧苄啶胶囊中甲氧苄啶含量

目的建立小檗碱甲氧苄啶胶囊中甲氧苄啶的含量测定方法。方法色谱柱为Agelent C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(60∶40)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为265 nm。结果甲氧苄啶进样量在0.5～1.5μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为98.41%,RSD=1.13%(n=9)。结论该法适用于小檗碱甲氧苄啶胶囊中甲氧苄啶的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定增效黄连素胶囊中盐酸小檗碱和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的含量

目的　建立了一种快速、准确的高效液相色谱法同时测定增效黄连素胶囊中盐酸小檗碱和甲氧苄氨嘧啶的含量的方法。 方法 　采用十八烷基健合硅胶为固定相 ;甲醇∶ 1mol· L- 1 醋酸铵溶液 ( 60∶ 40 )为流动相 ;流速 :0 .5 ml· min- 1 ;检测波长 2 90 nm。 结果 　盐酸小檗碱进样量在 0 .160 3 -0 .80 16μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系 ( r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 10 0 .0 5 % ,RSD=0 .2 % ( n=9) ;甲氧苄氨嘧啶在 0 .0 816-0 .40 80μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系 ( r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 99.67% ,RSD=0 .3 % ( n=9)。结论 　实验结果表明本法操作简便 ,重现性好 ,结果准确可靠 ,可以作为样品测定的方法     

高效液相色谱法测定增效黄连素胶囊中盐酸小檗碱和甲氧苄啶的含量

目的：建立HPLC法测定增效黄连素胶囊中盐酸小檗碱和甲氧苄啶的含量。方法：采用ODS柱,以0．1％十二烷基硫酸钠的甲醇－0．2mol.L^-1酒石酸（80：20）为流动相,流速为1．2mL.min^-1,醋酸氢化可的松为内标物,用紫外检测器于240nm波长处检测。结果：盐酸小檗碱和甲氧苄啶的线性范围分别为0．01－0．09mg.mL^-1和0．005－0．45mg.mL^-1,平均回收率分别为99．2％（RSD＝0．93％）和100．5％（RSD＝0．95％）,结论 ：本方法快速,简便,准确。     

HPLC法测定头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶胶囊中头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶含量的方法改进

目的对高效液相色谱法测定头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶胶囊中头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶含量的方法进行改进。方法采用Hypersil ODS2(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以0.025mol.L-1磷酸(用20%NaOH溶液调节pH值至3.0)-乙腈(88∶12)的流动相,流速:1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为235nm。结果头孢羟氨苄在5.02~351.52μg.mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=1.0000,平均回收率=100.17%,RSD=0.55%;甲氧苄啶在1.08~75.81μg.mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.99994,平均回收率=99.23%,RSD=0.71%。结论本方法简便,结果准确,可靠,可作为该制剂的含量测定方法。     

甲氧苄啶与3种氨基糖苷类抗生素联用的抗生素后效应

目的:探讨甲氧苄啶 (TMP)与 3种氨基糖苷类抗生素 (庆大霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素 )的联合抗生素后效应 (PAE).方法:临床分离大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌各 5株,将 8倍 MIC TMP分别与不同浓度 (1, 2, 4倍 MIC)的 3种抗生素联用,细菌与药物接触 1 h后以微量接种菌落计数法测定 PAE.结果: TMP可使 3种氨基糖苷类抗生素对 2种受试菌的 PAE显著延长,呈相加作用;联合 PAE均呈剂量依赖性.结论: TMP与氨基糖苷类抗生素联合应用可产生明显的 PAE,临床联用具有合理性.     

头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶胶囊溶出度测定

目的：建立头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶胶囊溶出度测定方法。方法：以盐酸溶液（9→1000）为溶出介质,采用高效液相色谱法测定其溶出度。结果：头孢羟氨苄的浓度在38．6～192．8μg·ml^-1内呈良好的线性关系,r=1．0000,平均回收率为99．1％（RSD=0．3％,n=10）;;甲氧苄啶的浓度在7．8～39．0μg·ml^-1内呈良好的线性关系,r=0．9999,平均回收率为98．9％（RSD=0．5％,n=10）.结论：方法准确、简便,可作为制剂的溶出度测定方法。     

甲氧苄啶注射液无菌检查方法学研究

目的建立甲氧苄啶注射液无菌检查方法。方法按《中国药典》2005年版无菌检查法验证实验的有关要求,取供试品10支.膜-1（批出厂检验量）按薄膜过滤法过滤,再用0.1%无菌蛋白胨水溶液分次冲洗,每膜不少于400mL,阳性对照菌为大肠埃希菌。结果经方法验证,供试品阴性组、阴性对照组均无菌生长,供试品7种阳性菌试验组各滤器中试验菌与阳性菌对照组比较均生长良好,说明供试品的检验量在该检验条件下已消除其抑菌作用或其抑菌作用可以忽略不计。结论本法简便、科学可靠,可作为甲氧苄啶注射液的常规无菌检查方法。     

Influence of Crystal Habit on Trimethoprim Suspension Formulation

Purpose. The role of crystal habit in influencing the physical stability and pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim suspensions was examined. Methods. Different habits of trimethoprim (TMP) were obtained by recrystallizing the commercial sample (PD) utilizing solvent-change precipitation method. Four distinct habits (microscopic observation) belonging to the same polymorphic state (DSC studies) were selected for studies. Preformulation and formulation studies were carried out on suspension dosage forms containing these crystals. The freshly prepared suspensions were also evaluated for their pharmacokinetic behaviour on healthy human volunteers using a cross over study. Results. Variation of crystallization conditions produces different habits of TMP. Among the different crystal habits exhibiting same polymorphic state, the most anisometric crystal showed best physical stability in terms of sedimentation volume and redispersibility. However, habit did not significantly affect the extent of TMP excreted in urine. Conclusions. Modification of surface morphology without significantly altering the polymorphic state can be utilized for improving physical stability of TMP suspensions. However, the pharmacokinetic profile remains unaltered.     

甲氧苄氨嘧啶对庆大霉素血药浓度及药动学参数的影响

本文用微生物法,在家兔身上分别测定了庆大霉素单独用药和庆大霉素联合甲氧苄氨嘧啶使用时的血药浓度,根据分析C-t曲线,符合一定模型,并计算庆大霉素药物动力学参数,结果发现:TMP使庆大霉素的ke、t1/2、vd、Cl和AUC~(0-∞)发生显著性变化。     

甲氧苄啶的应用、生产和市场状况

目的 :探讨我国甲氧苄啶的发展趋势。方法 :阐述甲氧苄啶在应用和生产方面的最新进展 ,对其市场状况进行全面分析。结果与结论 :我国甲氧苄啶生产具有一定基础 ,但应密切注意市场变化     

一阶导数光谱法测定复方磺胺甲唑片中磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶含量

目的:建立测定复方磺胺甲噁唑片中磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄啶含量的简便方法.方法:采用一阶导数光谱法测定,磺胺甲噁唑的测定波长为258.8nm,甲氧苄啶的测定波长为238.2nm.结果:磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄啶的线性范围分别为5μg/mL～50μg/mL(r=0.9998),6μg/mL～50μg/mL(r=0.9996);平均回收率分别为99.6%,98.5%.结论:本法简便、准确,可用于复方磺胺甲噁唑片的质量控制.