创伤性食管破裂

报告创伤性食管破裂6例。胸部食管破裂前症状较颈部食管破裂凶险，且死亡率高。作者强调食管破裂早期发现和及时手术修补的重要性；指出了手术修补破裂食管的要点。     

自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析1996-11～2012-06收治的15例食管破裂患者临床资料及治疗经过,14例行食管修补术。结果:1例于术前死于多脏器功能衰竭,1例术后出现食管胸膜瘘,13例恢复顺利。结论:早期诊断是提高治愈率的关键,手术治疗是自发性食管破裂的有效治疗方法。     

食管穿孔——附7例报告

食管穿孔为一严重情况,如不及时诊治,常导致死亡.作者自1964～1983年遇及7例食管穿孔.食管穿孔常见的原因有外伤、异物穿破、内窥镜检查及‘自发性’食管破裂、胸部术后食管穿破.本文不包括‘自发性’食管破裂及术后食管穿孔.     

儿童食管良性狭窄球囊扩张后导致食管破裂的发生率及治疗

正摘要目的本研究目的是探讨儿童食管良性狭窄球囊扩张(FBD)后导致食管破裂的发生率及治疗。方法对62例食管良性狭窄儿童行FBD。食管破裂分为壁内(1型)、透壁     

MSCT联合食管造影对食管破裂的诊断价值

目的:对比分析MSCT和食管造影对纵隔气肿患者食管破裂的诊断价值.方法:回顾性搜集同期(7天内)行MSCT和食管造影检查的68例纵隔气肿患者的病例资料.其中包括食管破裂患者19例,无食管破裂患者49例.由两名有经验的放射科医师(医师1和医师2)分别独立分析MSCT和食管造影图像特征,并对诊断信心予以评分.采用Kappa检验评价两名医师诊断食管破裂的一致性,利用相关样本Wilcoxon秩和检验分析评分的差异.以胃镜和随访结果为金标准,采用ROC评价MSCT和食管造影的诊断效能.结果:两名医师采用MSCT、食管造影诊断食管破裂均具有较好的一致性,Kappa值分别为0.713、0.816,P值均＜0.05.两名医师采用MSCT诊断食管破裂的信心均超过食管造影,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.317、-4.627,P值均＜0.05).医师1和医师2采用MSCT图像诊断食管破裂的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)、符合率、ROC下面积(Az)分别为100％、91.8％、82.6％、100％、94.1％、0.959和100％、95.9％、90.5％、100％、97.1％、0.980;采用食管造影分别为78.9％、100％、100％、92.5％、94.1％、0.895和84.2％、100％、100％、94.2％、95.6％、0.921.结论:联合应用MSCT和食管造影图像可全面诊断食管破裂及其并发症,明显提高诊断效能.     

食管自发性破裂手术治疗

目的 探讨改良手术治疗食管自发性破裂(spontaneous rupture of esophagus,SRE),以提高临床治疗水平. 方法 回顾性分析1999年2月-2011年6月收治的16例SRE患者相关临床资料及手术方式.中段食管破裂4例,下段食管破裂12例.16例均为1处破口,破裂长度为1.5 ～5 cm,中位长度2.5 cm;破入左胸11例,右胸2例,无胸腔破入3例;液气胸10例,皮下气肿5例.均采用可吸收线间断缝合食管黏膜层,不缝合食管肌层,大网膜包埋固定于破裂口边缘的食管肌层,胃底悬吊固定于膈肌顶,下段食管破裂患者重建膈肌裂孔于破裂口之上. 结果 发病至手术时间1h～3d,全组24 h内修补11例,24 h后修补5例.均顺利度过围术期,无死亡患者,治愈率100％.中位住院时间为18.5 d.随访1～10年,无食管狭窄及癌变;反流2例,采用保守治疗均明显缓解. 结论 间断缝合食管黏膜层、大网膜包埋替代食管肌层、同时抗反流手术治疗SRE可以明显降低术后食管瘘、食管狭窄及反流等并发症,提高治愈率.     

食管覆膜内支架置入治疗自发性食管破裂的疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 总结食管覆膜内支架置入治疗自发性食管破裂的临床经验。方法 局部黏膜麻醉、透视下置入经鼻胸腔引流管、食管覆膜内支架与空肠营养管治疗自发性食管破裂24例。术后脓腔灌洗、营养支持、抗炎治疗、对症处理。待脓腔愈合后拔出经鼻脓腔引流管、空肠营养管和食管内支架。 结果 24例患者成功置入24枚食管覆膜内支架。22例患者食管内支架平均94.3 d顺利取出,取支架过程中未出现大出血、食管破裂等并发症。1例82岁高龄患者术后2个月死于心功能不全。1例患者术后40 d因突然大量呕血、便血而死亡。 结论 介入治疗自发性食管破裂操作简单、创伤小、疗效确切,是一种值得推广的介入新技术。     

食管破裂15例诊治分析

食管破裂属严重的胸外科病症,误诊率较高,若救治不及时,病死率亦较高。我科自2000-12~2006-12共收治食管破裂患者15例,治疗效果良好,报告如下。1临床资料本组男性11例,女性4例,年龄19~56岁,平均41.2岁。自发性食管破裂10例,均有呕吐诱因,其中2例曾以“急性胃肠炎”在外院治疗数日后入院;刀刺伤3例;爆炸伤2例。食管破裂部位:下段13例,中段3例,颈段3例,胸内食管全部破裂2例,其中2例刀刺伤有多处食管破裂。全组病例均有不同程度的发热、胸痛、呼吸困难等症状,其中6例有颈部及胸部的皮下气肿。全组病例胸部X片均提示纵隔增宽、气肿、液气胸。经食管镜或消化道钡餐造影确诊12例,胸腔穿刺有食物残渣确诊3例。2治疗方法及结果2.1治疗方法:本组中除1例爆炸伤致全身大面积烧伤、胸内食管完全破裂患者因全身情况差,无法耐受手术而采取胸腔闭式引流、胸腔冲洗、静脉营养及抗感染等保守治疗外,其余14例均行手术治疗。其中9例术中见食管裂口<4 cm、局部污染较轻、食管黏膜完整,术中直接全层缝合黏膜及肌肉,并用邻近的纵隔胸膜及带蒂的膈肌瓣包绕食管裂口;3例食管裂口>5 cm,局部污染较重,术中行部分食管切除、食管胃吻合...     

食管分层缝合加膈肌瓣包盖治疗自发性食管破裂8例

目的探讨自发性食管破裂(Boerhaave综合征)的治疗方法。方法回顾分析1992年1月—2012年2月笔者所在医院收治的自发性食管破裂8例,采用食管黏膜、肌肉分层缝合加膈肌瓣包盖治疗的临床经验。结果 8例自发性食管破裂患者采用本方法治疗,全部治愈,效果满意。结论采用食管黏膜、肌层分层缝合,黏膜对合整齐,二层缝合之间缝线有轻微错开,多增加了一层缝合,提高了裂口修补成功率。     

六例食管破裂的诊断与治疗

食管破裂是临床上较少见的急性胸部疾患,如不能及时诊治可危及生命,死亡率目前仍在20%以上.我院从1976年4月至1990年6月共收治6例,讨论如下.临床资料:本组男性5例,女性1例.年龄30～49岁,平均31岁.自发性食管破裂3例,医源性食管破裂2例(食管镜检查引起1例,全麻气管插管引起食管破裂1例),羊骨致食管破裂1例.中段3例.下段3例.6例病人均有不同程度的破裂部位疼痛,部分向胸背或上腹部放射.均有发烧、白细胞计数均显著增高;有呼吸困难表现者4例,4例显示液气胸;2例纵隔阴影增宽,液气纵隔;5例做了食道造影检查.3例显示造影剂分流入纵隔或胸腔,1例未作食管造影检查.早期误诊3例(均为自发性食管破裂),2例误诊为胃肠穿孔,1例误诊为左侧急性胸膜炎.分别于     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.