小鼠RelB基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建小鼠RelB基因RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体,有效沉默骨髓树突细胞(DC)的RelB基因表达,为构建骨髓致耐受DC用于自身免疫病的防治提供研究基础.方法 利用Invitrogen公司在线软件设计小鼠RelB基因(NM_009046)shRNA序列,合成、退火形成dsoligo后克隆到pENTRTM/U6载体的黏性末端,测序,得到的阳性重组子再与慢病毒载体进行重组,转化stbl3感受态细胞,测序鉴定,在脂质体的介导下将慢病毒的包装混合物和RelB基因重组慢病毒载体导入293FT细胞,包装成病毒后,收集病毒上清,采用系列稀释法测定病毒滴度.结果 测序结果显示pENTRTM/U6-RelB-shRNA为阳性克隆,将该阳性重组载体与慢病毒载体重组,转化,氨苄青霉素抗性筛选阳性克隆,U6前引物测序鉴定,测序结果 显示该重组慢病毒载体也为阳性克隆,在293FT细胞中进行病毒包装,收集上清并在-80℃贮存.系列稀释法检测病毒悬液的滴度为6×105TU/ml.结论 成功构建出小鼠RelB基因shRNA慢病毒RNAi表达载体,为制备致耐受DC和研究DC在自身免疫病中的应用提供了稳定的转染细胞载体.     

人HGF基因重组逆转录病毒表达载体及包装细胞株的构建和鉴定

目的 :构建携带肝细胞生长因子 (HGF)的逆转录病毒载体 ,并建立高效、稳定生产HGF的包装细胞株。方法 :以pcDNA3.0 HGF质粒为模板进行PCR反应扩增出HGF基因全长序列 ,亚克隆至逆转录病毒载体pMSCVneo构建重组逆转录病毒质粒 ,以脂质体介导转染包装细胞PT6 7,经G4 18筛选 ,进而挑选抗性集落扩大培养后 ,用靶细胞NIH3T3测定病毒滴度 ,筛选出高效产毒细胞株。扩大培养后进行RT PCR鉴定HGFmRNA的表达。扩大培养NIH3T3细胞抗性集落 (NIH3T3/HGF) ,并用细胞培养上清进行人肝癌细胞系HepG2的扩散试验。结果 :PCR反应扩增出 2 2 0 0bp的HGF基因 ,构建了重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV HGF ,测序鉴定正确。经脂质体介导转染包装细胞、G4 18筛选和NIH3T3测定病毒滴度 ,筛选出具有最高病毒滴度 (8.8× 10 7cfu /ml)的细胞集落 ,扩大培养后建立高效表达HGF的包装细胞株PT/HGF ,RT PCR证实HGF基因在PT/HGF中有转录。NIH3T3/HGF培养上清可使HepG2细胞扩散 ,形态改变。结论 :成功构建了携带HGF的逆转录病毒载体pMSCV HGF ,并建立了稳定、高效生产有活性的HGF的产毒细胞株PT/HGF。     

小鼠抗人Nanog多克隆抗体的制备及其鉴定

目的用基因免疫方法制备小鼠抗人Nanog多克隆抗体并进行鉴定。方法应用Accelrys软件分析Nanog抗原表位,选择其中免疫原性较强的抗原表位（A16-V101）,从Nanog cDNA全长质粒中扩增其cDNA（258bp）序列,克隆到pBQAP-TT构建基因免疫载体,鉴定正确后与辅助载体pCMVi-GMCSF和pCMVi-Fh31。同时免疫小鼠,12周后用ELISA方法检测血清抗体滴度,Western blot方法鉴定抗体对人肾组织的特异性。同时将Nanog-AAV2病毒转染到HKC细胞,免疫荧光定位Nanog在细胞的表达。结果成功构建了Nanog基因免疫载体,经酶切及序列分析鉴定完全正确。ELISA结果显示抗体滴度为1：32000。Western blot结果显示小鼠抗Nanog多克隆抗体识别人肾组织34kD的Nanog蛋白。免疫荧光结果表明转染的Nanog基因主要表达在HKC细胞细胞核。结论用基因免疫的方法可以成功制备高效价和高特异性抗Nanog多克隆抗体。     

不同浓度SDG对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及泌乳能力的影响

[目的]用植物雌激素亚麻籽木脂素(SDG)处理奶牛原代乳腺上皮细胞,观察SDG对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及泌乳能力的影响.[方法]将用无血清的DMEM/F12培养基培养的对数生长期奶牛原代乳腺上皮细胞分为对照组和试验组,即0μg/mL的SDG组和添加1、10、50、100、150、200μg/mL SDG的试验组,分别处理0 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h后收集各组细胞培养液,检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖能力及活力以及奶牛乳腺上皮细胞β-酪蛋白分泌情况.[结果]不同浓度SDG对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞均有提高增殖能力及活力的作用,且添加不同剂量的SDG均具有促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分泌β-酪蛋白作用,且呈明显的剂量依赖性.[结论]浓度为150μg/mL的SDG培养奶牛原代乳腺上皮细胞48 h,奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖能力与活力以及分泌β-酪蛋白的效果最好.     

稳定表达人VEGF165的NIH/3T3细胞株的筛选与鉴定

 目的 培养NIH/3T3细胞,并进行慢病毒载体介导的VEGF165基因转染,为建立转基因小鼠血管瘤模型奠定基础.方法 采取贴壁培养法分离培养NIH/3T3细胞,细胞随机分为3组,分别为Lenti-VEGF165-EGFP 重组慢病毒载体转染组、Lenti-EGFP慢病毒转染组和未转染组,转染后72 h荧光显微镜观察细胞绿色荧光蛋白的表达,流式细胞仪分选后用ELISA方法检测VEGF165外分泌.结果 ELISA 检测转染后小鼠NIH/3T3细胞,Lenti-VEGF165-EGFP 重组慢病毒载体感染组、Lenti-EGFP慢病毒转染组和未转染组培养上清中VEGF165浓度分别为(205±15)、0、0 ng/L(P<0.05) 结论 NIH/3T3细胞获得慢病毒载体介导的VEGF165表达基因修饰且稳定传代,为下一步血管瘤动物模型研究奠定了基础.     

BRCA1基因真核表达载体的构建及其功能验证

目的：构建人乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1的真核表达载体,并对其生物学功能进行初步检测。方法利用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增出人BRCA1基因,将其克隆到pXJ-40-myc载体中,酶切和测序验证后转染到乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞中,通过Western印迹检测其表达情况,并用CCK8法测定细胞生长曲线。结果从人乳腺文库中扩增获得大小为5600 bp的DNA片段,并成功克隆至pXJ-40-myc载体上,经测序与目的序列完全一致;转染乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞后目的基因成功表达;细胞生长曲线结果显示,转染myc-BRCA1的乳腺癌细胞较空载体细胞生长缓慢;划痕实验说明,转染myc-BRCA1的乳腺癌细胞较空载体细胞迁袭缓慢。结论成功构建了带myc标签的人BRCA1真核表达载体,为进一步研究BRCA1在乳腺癌发生发展中的功能奠定了基础。     

稳定转染小鼠IL-17全长基因的乳腺癌细胞株的建立及基因转染对4T1细胞的影响

目的建立稳定转染小鼠IL-17基因全长的小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞株,并进行鉴定。方法脂质体法将携带小鼠IL-17基因全长的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1转染小鼠乳腺癌细胞4T1,经G418筛选出稳定表达IL-17的细胞株;镜下观察细胞形态,RT-PCR法、Western印迹和激光共聚焦法检测目的基因和蛋白的表达;收集转染和未转染IL．17的4T1细胞的培养上清,分别与巨噬细胞RAW264．7共培养,ELISA法检测RAw264．7细胞培养上清中IL-6水平;MTS法检测细胞的增殖情况,流式细胞技术检测细胞周期、凋亡以及细胞表面MHCI、MHC11、淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1（LFA-1）等分子表达。结果获得1株稳定表达IL-17的4T1细胞,而且其培养上清可刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264．7产生IL-6,证明该细胞可表达功能性IL-17。结论成功建立了稳定转染IL-17基因的小鼠乳腺癌细胞株。     

人Survivin基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其表达

目的　构建含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒载体,为转染树突状细胞(DC)构建DC疫苗和基因治疗奠定基础。方法　自行设计一对分别含有KpnⅠ和XholⅠ酶切位点的Survivin基因上下游引物,以质粒pCITE/Survivin为模板,通过PCR扩增获得Survivin基因全序列。片段回收后经酶切,定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack CMV,获得重组质粒pAdTrack CMV Survivin。通过KpnⅠ和XholⅠ双酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定后,将正确重组体pAdTrack Survivin转化包含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy 1 的BJ5183菌。同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒,用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。同时将病毒上清转染成纤维细胞,通过观察GFP的表达以及Western blot分析观察Survivin蛋白表达。结果　成功构建了含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为1 65×108pfu/L。Western blot检测可见16 5kD的Survivin蛋白表达。结论　该重组腺病毒载体的构建及成功转染到成纤维细胞内表达为下一步以人Survivin作为靶抗原的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

抗肝癌sFv-TNF-α基因逆转录病毒包装细胞系的建立

目的 :将分泌型抗肝癌单链双功能抗体基因 (sFv -TNF -α)克隆至逆转录病毒载体pLXSN ,包装并筛选具有高滴度感染性重组病毒产生细胞系。方法 :用平 -粘末端连接方法将sFv-TNF -α克隆至pLXSN ,磷酸钙共沉淀法转染PA31 7包装细胞并测定病毒滴度 ,用PCR及免疫组化方法分析鉴定重组逆转录病毒细胞系。结果 :成功构建了表达载体pLXSN -sFv-TNF -α ,筛选出一株cfu >1× 1 0 9·L- 1 的感染性重组病毒产生细胞系C2 2 。结论 :外源基因整合到转染细胞DNA中并表达 ,证实了重组病毒的活性及其转导靶细胞的可行性     

大鼠B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因的克隆及其慢病毒表达载体的构建

目的 克隆大鼠B细胞淋巴瘤-2(bcl-2)基因全长cDNA,构建及鉴定大鼠bcl-2基因慢病毒表达载体.方法 采用RT-PCR法从大鼠脾脏组织中扩增全长bcl-2 cDNA,将扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T载体中,测序正确后,将基因连接到慢病毒载体pGC-FU(含EGFP 基因)中,构建慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-FU-bcl-2,将pGC-FU-bcl-2质粒和包装质粒(pHelper1.0、pHclp-er2.0)共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞后,细胞即可分泌携带bcl-2基凶的重组慢病毒.将重组慢病毒感染293T细胞,通过Western blot-ring鉴定目的 蛋白bcl-2的表达.结果 经DNA序列分析测定证实大鼠bcl-2基因序列与GenBank中一致;pGC-FU-bcl-2中携有正确的bcl-2基因,并能转染人胚肾上皮细胞;pGC-FU-bcl-2及包装质粒共转染包装细胞293T细胞能产生重组病毒pGC-FU-bcl-2;目的 基因bcl-2能被重组慢病毒高效地转导人人胚肾上皮细胞中,并达到稳定表达,荧光显微镜下能直接观察到荧光蛋白,Westernblotting能榆测到bcl-2蛋白在靶细胞中的表达.结论 成功克隆了大鼠bcl-2基因并构建了重组慢病毒载体,包装出高浓度慢病毒,转染人胚肾上皮细胞后能够稳定表达bcl-2基因,为进一步研究该基因的功能及细胞凋亡相关疾病的治疗奠定了基础.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.