肿胀激活状态下蛋白激酶C同工酶亚型在胃癌耐药细胞系的亚细胞分布变化

目的　探讨肿胀激活状态下,传统型蛋白激酶C(cPKC)同工酶亚型在胃癌SGC7901及其耐药细胞系SGC7901/VCR的表达、亚细胞分布变化及其意义。方法　采用免疫荧光及免疫印迹方法,观察正常状态及持续低渗灌流不同时间cPKC同工酶亚型的亚细胞分布变化。利用免疫荧光双标记及共聚焦显微镜技术观察PKCα与P-糖蛋白（Pgp）的共表达。结果　在正常状态下,cPKC的4种同工酶亚型在胃癌SGC7901及其耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR细胞质及细胞膜均有表达PKCα在耐药细胞表达呈强阳性,在药敏细胞表达呈阳性,PKCβ     

肿胀激活状态下蛋白激酶C同工酶亚型在胃癌耐药细胞系的亚细胞分布变化及其意义

目的 探讨肿胀激活状态下，传统型蛋白激酶C（cPKC)同工酶亚型在胃癌SGC7901及其耐药细胞系SGC7901/VCR的表达，亚细胞分布变化及其意义。方法 采用免疫荧光及免疫印迹方法，观察正常状态及持续低渗灌流不同时间cPKC同工酶亚型的亚细胞分布变化，利用免疫荧光双标记及共聚焦显微镜技术观察PKCα与-P-糖蛋白（Pgp)的共表达。结果 在正常状态下，cPKC的4种同工酶亚型在胃癌SGC7901及其耐药细胞SCG7901/VCR细胞质及细胞膜均有表达：PKCα在耐药细胞表达呈强阳恬药敏细胞表达呈强阳性，PKCγ在耐药细胞及药敏细胞表达均呈强阳性。持续低渗灌流，在耐药系10min已发现有PKCα、PKCγ的移位及细胞体积的增大；30minPKCα几乎全部移位至细胞膜上，PKCγ部分移位至细胞核内，细胞体积较前增大1-2倍；60min时PKCα及PKCγ基本恢复至正常位置。细胞体积也恢复正常；在药敏细胞系10-20minPKCα及PKCγ几乎全部一笔勾销 位至细胞膜上，PKCγ部分移位至细胞核内，细胞体积也恢复正常；在药敏细胞系10-20minPKCα几乎全部移位至细胞膜上，PKCγ部分移位至细胞核内，细胞体积较前增大1-2倍；40minPKCα及PKCγ基本恢复至正常位置，细胞体积也恢复正常，而PKCβ1及PKCβα在耐药细胞及药敏细胞的亚细胞分布无明显变化。共聚焦显微镜提示PKCα及PKCγ同工酶亚型参与了Pgp与低渗刺激下细胞共表达，以耐药细胞表达明显。结论 只有PKCα及Pgp表达量有关，而PKCβ1及PKCβⅡ可能与这一过程无关。βββ     

MGr1-Ag维持耐药表型与蛋白激酶C有关

目的：探讨MGr1-Ag维持耐药表型与蛋白激酶C的关系。方法：用免疫细胞化学方法检查MGr1-Ag在胃癌SGC7901细胞系及耐药亚系的表达；ELISA及点印迹方法检测胃癌SGC7901细胞系及其耐药亚系细胞培养上清中MGr1-Ag的表达；免疫荧光双标记及共聚集赤微镜技术观察MGr1-Ag 与PKCα的相关表达；竞争蛋白结合法检测单克隆抗体MGr1-1对PKC活性的影响。结果：MGr1-Ag在胃癌SGC7901细胞系及耐药亚系均有表达，以耐药细胞表达明显增多；ELISA及点印迹实验证实在表达MGr1-Ag的细胞培养上清中均可检测到MGr1-Ag；耐药细胞PKCα与MGr1-Ag的相关表达较药敏细胞明显增强；单克隆抗体MGr1-1与耐药细胞共同孵育后，耐药细胞PKC的活性减低，以细胞质的PKC降低较明显。结论：MGr1-Ag可能是一种分泌蛋白，Mgr1-Ag维持SGC7901/VCR耐药细胞系的耐药表型可受PKC信号转导通路的调节。     

mdr1基因在多药耐药相关的几种人胃癌细胞系的表达

目的探讨mdr1在多药耐药相关的几种人胃癌细胞系中的转录、翻译、P-gp功能变动趋势.方法培养SGC7901/VCR(人胃癌多药耐药细胞亚系)、SGC7901和BGC823(人胃腺癌细胞系)于RPMI1640,用RT-PCR和原位杂交检测mdr1mRNA的表达,用免疫印迹和免疫组化检测P-gp的表达,用流式细胞仪检测阿霉素在细胞内的蓄积.结果半定量RT-PCR显示,SGC7901/VCR mdr1和β-actin吸收峰面积之比为5.63,SGC7901为0.61,BGC823为0.85.杂交信号呈紫蓝色颗粒,分布于胞质.免疫印迹显示SGC7901/VCRP-gp的表达最强,SGC7901最弱.P-gp阳性呈棕黄色颗粒,位于细胞膜上.SGC7901中,少数细胞P-gp表达极强.SGC7901/VCR平均光密度为(1.8310±0.8401),SGC7901为(0.3590±0.2512),BGC823为(0.6260±0.4996)(P＜0.05).SGC7901/VCR阿霉素特异荧光强度为(6.59±50.30),SGC7901为(35.88±14.55),BGC823为(27.44±7.06)(P＜0.001).结论在多药耐药相关的人胃癌细胞系SGC7901/VCR、SGC7901和BGC823中,mdr1基因均表达,P-gp具有药物外排功能,SGC7901/VCR的mdr1表达最强,SGC7901最弱,BGC823居中.     

NF-κB活化及livin,survivin表达上调与胃癌细胞耐药的关系

目的:探讨核转录调节因子NF-κB活性及凋亡抑制蛋白livin, survivin的表达与胃癌细胞耐药的关系.方法:MTT法检测化疗药物长春新碱(VCR)对胃癌细胞SGC7901及耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR的生长抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测VCR作用后细胞的凋亡率;ELISA法检测NF-κB核转录活性;Western blot检测livin, survivin蛋白表达.结果:化疗药VCR对SGC7901/VCR细胞的生长抑制作用较SGC7901细胞显著降低,VCR作用SGC7901/VCR细胞的凋亡率减少;SGC7901/VCR细胞中NF-KB核转录活性增强(P<0.01);livin, survivin在SGC7901/VCR细胞中表达上调(P<0.05).结论:胃癌细胞SGC7901在化疗药VCR长期诱导后产生的继发耐药可能与NF-κB活化及livin, survivin表达上调有关;NF-κB活化是livin, survivin表达上调可能的调控因素.     

朊蛋白在耐阿霉素胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中的过表达及其意义

目的 探讨朊蛋白(PrP)在耐阿霉素胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中过表达及其与胃癌多药耐药性的相关性。方法(1)利用Northern印迹和Western印迹分别从RNA 水平和蛋白质水平检测朊蛋白在胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR及其亲本细胞SGC7901中的表达;(2)借助DNA重组技术构建朊蛋白基因的正反义真核表达载体;(3)通过电穿孔方法将正反义真核表达载体分别转入SGC7901和SGC7901/ADR细胞;(4)以流式细胞仪检测瞬时转染细胞中的阿霉素蓄积和潴留。结果(1)Northern印迹和Western印迹结果提示朊蛋白在SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR中的表达显著高于其在SGC7901中的表达;(2)将正反义真核表达载体转入SGC7901(命名为PS)和SGC7901/ADR(命名为PA)中,PCDNA3.1空载体转入SGC7901(命名为BS)和SGC7901/ADR(命名为BA);转染48h后检测转染细胞的平均阿霉素荧光强度,阿霉素蓄积BS为8.9±0.7,PS为6.6±0.3,BA为5.5±0.7,PA7.5±0.6,阿霉素潴留BS为8.0±0.7,PS为5.9±0.5,BA5.1±0.7,PA为7.1±0.5,PS与BS相比两组均为P<0.01,BA与BA相比均为P<0.01表达,并对胃癌细胞,具有统计学意义。结论 朊蛋白在胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR中高表达并对胃癌细胞的药物蓄积有影响。     

Rap1与胃癌多药耐药的相关性

目的探讨Rap1与胃癌多药耐药的相关性。方法采用免疫荧光技术和Westernblot方法检测胃癌细胞SGC7901、多药耐药胃癌细胞SGC7901／VCR和SGC7901／ADR中Rapl的表达。结果胃癌细胞SGC7901、多药耐药胃癌细胞SGC7901／VCR和SGC7901／ADR胞核和胞浆均有Rap1阳性染色,多药耐药胃癌细胞中Rap1表达明显高于亲本细胞SGC7901。结论Rap1与胃癌多药耐药相关。     

Bax基因对人胃癌耐药细胞多药耐药性的逆转作用

目的　研究凋亡相关基因Bax对胃癌多药耐药性的逆转作用.方法　构建含有人BaxcDNA全长的真核表达载体pBK-Bax.经脂质体导入缺乏Bax蛋白表达的人胃癌多药耐药细胞系SGC7901/VCR中.Western印迹观察Bax基因在转导细胞中的表达,MTT法检测Bax转导细胞与空载体转导细胞对化疗药物的敏感性.结果　成功构建了Bax的真核表达载体,Bax转导细胞能稳定表达Bax蛋白,与空载体转导细胞相比,Bax转导细胞对长春新碱(P<0.01).结论　Bax基因转导对胃癌多药耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR的多药耐药性具有逆转作用Bax基因对人胃癌耐药细胞多药耐药性的逆转作…     

Sorcin蛋白质高表达与胃癌细胞多药耐药的关系

目的：应用蛋白质组学技术筛选胃癌耐药相关的蛋白质。方法：以胃癌细胞SGC7901和长春新碱诱导的耐药胃癌细胞SGC7901／VCR为研究对象，应用二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（2-DE）技术分离两种细胞的总蛋白，图像分析识别差异表达的蛋白质点，基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）及电喷雾串联质谱（ESI-Q-TOF）对差异表达的蛋白质点进行鉴定。Western blot验证差异蛋白质的表达水平，反义核酸技术分析差异蛋白与胃癌耐药的关系。结果：可溶性耐药相关性钙结合蛋白（sorcin）在SGC7901／VCR细胞中高表达，反义核酸抑制sorcin表达可增强SGC7901／VCR对长春新碱的化疗敏感性。结论：Sorcin蛋白质高表达与胃癌细胞多药耐药密切相关。     

三氧化二砷对胃癌耐药细胞P-gP、GST-s表达的抑制

目的 研究三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对胃癌细胞多药耐药细胞的P-糖蛋白(p-glucoprotein,P-gp)、谷胱甘肽s转移酶(glutathione-s transferring enzyme,GST-s)抑制作用.方法 逐渐递增长春新碱(vincristine,VCR)浓度诱导胃癌细胞株SGC7901产生耐药性SGC7901/VCR.MTT法测定诱导前后VCR、5-氟尿嘧啶(fluorouacil,5-Fu)、表阿霉素等抗癌药对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用,从而明确SGC7901/VCR是否对多种化疗药物产生耐药-即具有多药耐药性;Western blot测定肿瘤细胞内P-gp、GST-s表达.结果 胃癌SGC7901/VCR细胞对VCR、5-Fu、表阿霉素的耐药倍数分别为16.56倍、2.69倍及13.05倍.经As2O3预处理24 h后,VCR、5-Fu、表阿霉素对SGC7901/VCR的耐药倍数显著下降(P<0.05).SGC7901/VCR在静息时细胞内P-gP、GST-s8蛋白表达显著高于SGC7901.而As2O3可使SGC7901/VCR细胞内P-gP、GST-s蛋白表达显著下降.结论 三氧化二砷可以抑制P-gP、GST-s蛋白的表达,从而降低细胞的耐药性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.