IA2-IB1期宫颈癌宫旁转移相关因素分析

目的 探讨IA2-IB1期宫颈癌患者宫旁转移的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析168例行手术治疗的IA2-IB1期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,包括年龄、分期、肿瘤直径、血清鳞状细胞癌抗原（squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCC）数值,肿瘤组织学类型、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤细胞分化程度、盆腔淋巴结转移情况、脉管浸润情况、宫旁转移情况等,对宫旁转移的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 168例IA2-IB1期宫颈癌患者中9例发生宫旁转移,宫旁转移率为5.4%。单因素分析显示肿瘤直径>2 cm、血清SCC值显著升高、肿瘤肌层浸润深度>1/2肌层、脉管浸润阳性、盆腔淋巴结转移阳性与宫旁转移密切相关（P<0.05）,而年龄、临床分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤组织类型与宫旁转移无关。多因素分析显示肿瘤直径>2 cm、脉管浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移是IA2-IB1期宫颈癌宫旁转移的独立危险因素。结论 IA2-IB1期宫颈癌患者宫旁转移率低,肿瘤直径>2 cm、脉管浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移的患者易发生宫旁转移。     

宫颈癌术后患者淋巴结转移与预后影响因素探讨

目的探讨宫颈癌术后患者淋巴结转移的特点及影响因素,比较国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期与TNM分期的差异。方法选择宫颈癌术后患者105例,采用二元logistic回归分析影响淋巴结转移的因素;采用Spearman秩相关分析髂总区淋巴结转移的相关因素。结果39例患者伴淋巴结转移,以闭孔区淋巴结转移率最高,为27.62%。二元logistic回归分析显示脉管瘤栓阳性、浸润肌层≥1/2和神经侵犯是影响淋巴结转移的危险因素（均P＜0.05）。髂内、外区淋巴结转移,闭孔区淋巴结转移和浸润肌层≥1/2与髂总区淋巴结转移均呈正相关（r=0.400、0.317和0.481,均P＜0.05）。术前FIGO分期与术后TNM分期比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。术后16例患者出现复发或转移;11例患者死亡,其中1例死于肠粘连,10例死于宫颈癌复发或转移;5年生存率为86.48%。结论脉管瘤栓阳性、浸润肌层≥1/2和神经侵犯是影响宫颈癌术后患者淋巴结转移的危险因素。分期结合淋巴结转移情况直接影响着靶区的勾画及对预后的影响。     

胃癌患者术前外周血中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值与术后病理的相关性分析

目的 探讨胃癌患者术前外周血中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与术后病理的相关性及其临床意义。方法 收集安徽省立医院2006年7月至2011年7月收治的994例胃癌患者,回顾分析患者的临床资料、术前NLR及术后病理情况,比较不同病理NLR的差异,并分析术后病理与术前NLR间的相关性。结果 不同浸润深度、不同淋巴结转移数、不同肿瘤大小及不同TNM分期的胃癌患者术前NLR差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,并且上述病理指标与术前NLR呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 胃癌患者肿瘤浸润越深、淋巴结转移数越多、肿瘤直径越大及TNM分期越晚术前NLR越高,利用术前NLR可为胃癌患者进展程度的评估提供参考。     

高危子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移危险因素及预后分析

目的 探讨影响高危子宫内膜癌(HREC)淋巴结转移的危险因素及其预后情况.方法 回顾性分析2009—2017年青岛大学附属医院手术分期后诊断为HREC的183例病人的临床资料及随访结局.结果 术前血清CA125水平、脉管癌栓及深肌层浸润是影响盆腔淋巴结(PLN)转移的独立危险因素;术前血清CA125水平、PLN转移是影...     

子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的病理危险因素及防治意义分析

目的:分析子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的病理危险因素,为其临床防治提供指导.方法:收集360例行根治性手术治疗的子宫颈癌患者的临床资料,统计盆腔淋巴结转移例数,分析各临床病理参数与子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的关系.结果:本组360例子宫颈癌患者发生盆腔淋巴结转移68例,转移率为18.89%;子宫颈癌合并盆腔淋巴结转移患者其临床分期为Ⅱ期所占比例、脉管侵犯所占比例、肌层浸润深度≥1/2所占比例、分化程度为1级所占比例均高于未发生盆腔淋巴结转移组(P<0.05);临床分期、脉管侵犯、肌层浸润深度及肿瘤分化程度为子宫颈癌发生盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.结论:临床分期靠后、肌层浸润深度≥1/2、肿瘤分化程度较低、合并脉管侵犯的子宫颈癌患者其盆腔淋巴结转移风险较高,积极筛查相关危险因素,予以个体化治疗是改善子宫颈癌患者预后的关键.     

ⅠA－ⅡA期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素

目的:探讨ⅠA－ⅡA期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素。方法:对浙江省余姚市人民医院2014年1月至2018年12月217例行开腹或腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术的ⅠA－ⅡA期宫颈癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,运用多因素logistic回归分析研究发生盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素。结果:217例患者中,有44例盆腔淋巴结发生转移,转移率为20.3%,其中发生闭孔淋巴结转移最高,转移率为16.1%。χ^(2)检验分析得出,宫颈癌临床分期、肿瘤大小、分化、宫颈间质浸润深度、脉管有无浸润及宫旁有无浸润与盆腔淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤分期Ⅱ期、肿瘤≥4cm、宫颈间质浸润≥1/2、低分化、脉管阳性及宫旁浸润是盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:肿瘤分期Ⅱ期、肿瘤≥4cm、宫颈间质浸润≥1/2、低分化、脉管阳性及宫旁浸润容易发生盆腔淋巴结转移,建议系统性盆腔淋巴结清扫。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对胰腺癌预后的影响

目的 探讨中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）对胰腺癌患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2013年1月105例接受根治性手术的胰腺癌患者病历资料。通过Log-rank单因素分析包括NLR在内的临床病理特征对术后1年生存率及中位生存时间的影响。并通过Cox风险模型将有意义的变量进行多因素分析。结果 依据患者术前血常规检查,计算NLR,依据四分位点,分为NLR<2.1、2.1 ≤ NLR<2.8、2.8 ≤ NLR<4.3、NLR ≥ 4.3 4个组,各组患者的术后中位生存时间分别为25、16、11、5个月。NLR<2.1、2.1 ≤ NLR < 2.8、2.8 ≤ NLR < 4.3 3组1年生存率分别为84.7%、79.8%、36.2%,其中NLR ≥ 4.3组患者1年生存率低于5%,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素分析显示,术前外周血NLR、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯、肿瘤T分期、远处转移是影响胰腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 术前外周血NLR可作为评价胰腺癌患者根治性手术后预后的指标。     

HE4蛋白与OPN蛋白对子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨正常子宫内膜组、癌前病变组和子宫内膜癌（endometrial carcinoma,EC）组中人附睾分泌蛋白4（HE4）和骨桥蛋白（OPN）的表达和相关性,及其对EC手术预后的影响。方法 采用免疫组化（SP）法,检测分析2009年1月~2015年6月期间就诊于邯郸市中心医院的正常组、癌前病变组及癌组中HE4、OPN的表达情况,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法和Log-rank检验来评价各因素与EC患者生存时间的关系,并用COX风险模型进行多因素分析。结果 正常组、癌前病变组和癌组的子宫内膜组织中,HE4蛋白的阳性表达率逐渐升高分别为13.33%、32.00%、70.76%,OPN蛋白的阳性表达率也逐渐升高分别为10.00%、24.00%、63.74%,且组间比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。HE4蛋白及OPN蛋白的阳性表达率在手术-病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移组中比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,EC中HE4蛋白的表达与OPN蛋白的表达呈正相关（r=0.397,P < 0.05）。Kaplan-Meier分析显示手术-病理分期、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移、HE4阳性表达及OPN阳性表达5个因素与预后相关（P < 0.05）,年龄、组织学分级、组织学类型与预后不相关（P > 0.05）。COX多因素逐步分析显示,手术-病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、HE4阳性表达、OPN阳性表达是影响预后的显著因素,但组织学分级影响最不明显（P=0.049）。结论 HE4和OPN蛋白在EC中高表达且正相关,手术-病理分期晚、组织学分级高、肌层浸润深、HE4表达阳性、OPN表达阳性者预后差,HE4和OPN有望成为评价EC预后的重要标记。     

核转录因子κB家族蛋白及HPV E6/E7mRNA与早期宫颈癌复发的关系

目的 探讨核转录因子κB（NF-κB）家族蛋白表达及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV） E6/E7 mRNA水平与早期宫颈癌复发的关系。方法 收集2017年1月至2020年12月在开滦总医院妇产科接受宫颈癌根治术的163例早期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,设为宫颈癌组;另收集医院同期收治的101例非宫颈癌患者的临床资料,设为非宫颈癌组,根据病理结果分为3个亚组：对照组（子宫肌瘤患者,n=31）、低度鳞状上皮内瘤变（LSIL）组（n=26）、高度鳞状上皮内瘤变（HSIL）组（n=44）。比较宫颈癌组与非宫颈癌组及非宫颈癌3个亚组间宫颈组织中c-Rel、p65、p50核表达及HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达情况,分析c-Rel、p65、p50核表达及HPV E6/E7 mRNA在不同临床病理特征宫颈癌患者中的差异性表达,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析c-Rel、p65、p50及HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达与宫颈癌术后无复发生存的关系,Cox法分析宫颈癌术后复发的影响因素。结果 宫颈癌组c-Rel、p65、p50及HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,HSIL组c-Rel、p50及HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,LSIL组HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。c-Rel表达与脉管浸润程度有关,p65表达与FIGO分期、宫旁浸润及淋巴结转移有关,p50表达与间质浸润有关,HPV E6/E7mRNA表达与肿瘤直径、宫旁浸润及间质浸润有关（P＜0.05）。随访36（12~75）个月期间,163例宫颈癌患者复发率为19.63%（32/163）,Kaplan-Meier结果显示,c-Rel、p50阳性患者与阴性患者的无复发生存率差异无统计学意义（LogRankχ²=0.820、3.181,P=0.367、0.075）,p65、HPV E6/E7 mRNA阴性患者无复发生存率分别优于阳性患者（LogRankχ²=10.597、4.474,P=0.001、0.034）。多因素Cox回归分析显示,FIGO分期IIa期、淋巴结转移、p65阳性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性可增加宫颈癌术后复发风险（HR=1.617、1.506、3.180、1.460,P＜0.05）。结论 转录因子NF-κB家族核表达、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达在宫颈病变进展过程中存在差异,其表达水平与早期宫颈癌多种病理特征有关,且p65、HPV E6/E7 mRNA可影响宫颈癌术后复发,可作为评估早期宫颈癌术后复发的可靠参考指标。     

单一术者机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术术中指标影响因素分析

目的 探究行机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（RALP）手术时间、术中出血量以及神经保留的影响因素。方法 收集2016年1月1日至2017年10月1日184例于海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长海医院泌尿外科由单一术者完成RALP的局部或局部进展性前列腺癌患者的手术资料及临床信息,分析患者年龄、前列腺体积、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围、穿刺方式等对手术时间、术中出血量和神经保留的影响。对手术时间和术中出血量的影响因素进行多因素线性回归分析,手术时间与前列腺体积的相关性采用线性相关分析,不同盆腔淋巴结切除范围的患者RALP手术时间的比较采用LSD-t检验。对RALP术中神经保留影响因素的分析采用多因素logistic回归分析。RALP术中未保留、保留单侧与保留双侧神经患者年龄的差异采用单因素方差分析,术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式的差异采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果 多因素线性回归分析结果显示前列腺体积和盆腔淋巴结切除范围是RALP手术时间的独立影响因素（P均<0.01）;前列腺体积与手术时间呈正相关（r=0.201,P=0.006）;盆腔淋巴结扩大切除患者的RALP手术时间长于闭孔切除者,且盆腔淋巴结闭孔切除者的手术时间长于未切除者（P均<0.01）;患者年龄、前列腺体积、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围、穿刺方式等对RALP术中出血量无明显影响（P>0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式是RALP术中神经保留的独立影响因素（OR=0.949,95% CI：0.906~0.995,P=0.027;OR=0.742,95% CI：0.551~0.999,P=0.049;OR=0.540,95% CI：0.322~0.903,P=0.019;OR=0.457,95% CI：0.230~0.905,P=0.025）。RALP术中未保留、保留单侧和保留双侧神经的前列腺癌患者分别为108、20、56例,3组患者的年龄、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 前列腺体积大以及进行盆腔淋巴结切除的前列腺癌患者手术时间较长,年龄大、术后病理Gleason评分高、进行盆腔淋巴结切除以及经直肠穿刺不利于RALP术中神经保留。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.