灰毡毛忍冬与正品金银花抑菌作用的比较研究

通过体外实验，首次对灰毡毛忍冬和不同产地的金银花进行药理作用的比较研究。结果表明：灰毡毛忍冬对大多数细菌均有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用，灰毡毛忍冬对金葡菌的抑菌浓度(MIC)低于1：8，对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌，乙型链球菌的抑菌浓度(MIC)基本低于1：4；最小杀菌浓度可以测出，其中有些活性明显强于正品金银花。为临床应用提供了一定的实验依据，灰毡毛忍冬可望开发成临床清热解毒的天然药物，可望成为金银花临床使用的新资源。     

灰毡毛忍冬与正品金银花的绿原酸含量比较

目的：从有效化学成分绿原酸的含量评价灰毡毛忍冬的药用价值，以合理开发利用这一丰富的自然资源。方法：采用高效液相色谱法比较湖南产灰毡毛忍冬与山东省和河南省产的正品金银花(忍冬)的绿原酸的含量。结果：湖南省隆回县和新宁县产的灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸含量分别为4．00％和4．52％，山东省和河南省产的金银花中绿原酸的含量分别为2．20％和2．46％。结论：灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸的含量远远高于忍冬花。     

灰毡毛忍冬与正品金银花抑菌作用的比较研究

通过体外实验,首次对灰毡毛忍冬和不同产地的金银花进行药理作用的比较研究.结果表明:灰毡毛忍冬对大多数细菌均有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用,灰毡毛忍冬对金葡菌的抑菌浓度(MIC)低于1:8,对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌,乙型链球菌的抑菌浓度(MIC)基本低于1:4;最小杀菌浓度可以测出,其中有些活性明显强于正品金银花.为临床应用提供了一定的实验依据,灰毡毛忍冬可望开发成临床清热解毒的天然药物,可望成为金银花临床使用的新资源.     

分光光度法测定不同产地灰毡毛忍冬中咖啡酰奎宁酸的含量

目的 以咖啡酰奎宁酸的含量为指标,测定评价国内各主产区灰毡毛忍冬干燥花蕾的质量.方法 以绿原酸做对照,用分光光度法测定.结果 测定了国内主产区四省市灰毡毛忍冬干燥花蕾中咖啡酰奎宁酸的含量,结果显示咖啡酰奎宁酸含量为10.06%～12.24%,远比正品金银花中的高.结论 为灰毡毛忍冬干燥花蕾的开发和利用提供参考.     

小儿咳喘灵颗粒中金银花的质量分析

目的对26个厂家生产的小儿咳喘灵颗粒(麻黄、金银花、苦杏仁等)中的金银花质量进行系统的研究。方法采用薄层色谱法对样品中的金银花进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法测定样品中金银花的绿原酸含有量;采用HPLCELSD法测定样品中灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙的含有量。结果 26批样品中有12批检出灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙,表明存在原料中掺有山银花的现象。结论测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中的绿原酸和灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙,可有助于监控其质量。     

湘蕾金银花的选育及推广初报

本文报道灰毡毛忍冬自然变异株的发现,并以灰毡毛忍冬的自然变异株为接穗,灰毡毛忍冬、细苞忍冬和忍冬为砧木,通过嫁接选育出无性系"湘蕾金银花".湘蕾金银花具有花蕾多、产量高、花蕾期长、采收方便、药材色浅质优、适应性广、抗病害能力强等特点.现已在湘、黔、鲁等省推广4万多亩.     

灰毡毛忍冬的藤茎扦插育苗栽培方法

灰毡毛忍冬的藤茎扦插育苗栽培方法田谨为，王桂英（四川省中医药研究院药物种植研究所南川６４８４０８）灰毡毛忍冬ＬｏｎｉｃｅｒａｍａｃｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓＨａｎｄ－ｍａｓｓ．又名拟大花忍冬、大叶金银花，是金银花的高产优质良种，野生于海拔６００～１５００ｍ...     

金银花和山银花的鉴别与归属研究

目的 利用多种方法对金银花和山银花进行鉴别,其中山银花以灰毡毛忍冬为基源,寻找差异性状,以及对2种药材的归属问题进行探讨。方法 采用生物学性状比较、扫描电镜观察花表皮结构、标识成分（绿原酸、木犀草苷、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙、川续断皂苷乙）差异对金银花（忍冬）和山银花（灰毡毛忍冬）进行鉴别,结合历史使用情况及市场现状对2种药材基于《中国药典》收载的归属进行分析讨论。结果 忍冬花基部含有大形的叶状苞片,花外表皮具有较多的头部倒圆锥形腺毛,未检测到灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙成分;而灰毡毛忍冬花基部无明显苞片,花外表面几乎未发现腺毛,含有灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙特征成分。结论 花基部叶状苞片、花外表皮腺毛、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙2个特征成分可以作为区分忍冬和灰毡毛忍冬的鉴别依据。     

基于双向位点特异性PCR的金银花真伪鉴别方法研究

目的:筛选获得金银花真伪鉴别SNP位点并建立双向位点特异性PCR方法,用于鉴别金银花和其常见伪品以及两者的混杂品.方法:通过对GenBank收录的忍冬属植物叶绿体trnL-trnF序列进行对比分析,获得金银花真伪鉴别SNP位点;并依据该SNP位点设计特异性引物,对84份金银花基原植物及其市售饮片、伪品进行双向位点特异性PCR扩增,并根据真伪品的特异性条带进行金银花药材鉴别.结果:退火温度为61℃时,正品均出现468 bp的条带,红腺忍冬、华南忍冬、灰毡毛忍冬、黄褐毛忍冬、水忍冬、金银忍冬、郁香忍冬、新疆忍冬、繁果忍冬等9个伪品均出现324 bp的条带,在正品DNA中掺入5％以上伪品时同时出现正品和伪品条带.结论:双向位点特异性PCR可以鉴别金银花真伪品及两者的混杂样品.     

灰毡毛忍冬与忍冬的主要药效学比较研究

目的 研究灰毡毛忍冬的主要药效,并与忍冬相关药效进行比较.方法 通过测定灰毡毛忍冬的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),研究其对6种常见致病菌的抗菌作用;采用醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀和大鼠棉球植入致肉芽肿等实验,研究其抗炎作用;采用酵母粉致热大鼠模型,研究其解热作用;通过测定大鼠白细胞数和免疫低下小鼠免疫器官质量及碳粒廓清实验,研究其免疫作用,并与忍冬进行比较.结果 灰毡毛忍冬对6种常见致病菌具有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用,MIC为7.8～62.8 mg/mL,MBC≥250 mg/mL;灰毡毛忍冬(10 g/kg)能显著降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性、大鼠足肿胀度和减少肉芽组织的增生,有抑制小鼠耳肿胀和降低发热大鼠体温的趋势,显著提高小鼠脏器指数、廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α),有增加大鼠白细胞数的趋势.灰毡毛忍冬与忍冬的上述药效学指标无显著差异.结论 灰毡毛忍冬具有抗菌、抗炎作用和解热的趋势,能增强动物非特异性免疫功能,作用强度与忍冬相当.     

白花丹参和紫花丹参花中微量元素含量分析比较

目的分析比较白花丹参和紫花丹参花中的微量元素含量。方法用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法分别测定白花丹参和紫花丹参花中的微量元素。结果白花丹参花中镍、硼和铜等三种元素含量显著高于紫花丹参；铁、镁、锰、钴、镉、钡、锶、钛、锡、锌、铬、锂和钒等13种元素的含量都不同程度低于紫花丹参。结论从微量元素角度分析，两种丹参的花都有一定的药用价值，二者部分微量元素含量不同。     

人参花环纹污白耙齿菌发酵菌质化学成分及抗胃溃疡作用研究

目的：研究环纹污白耙齿菌与人参花共发酵菌质的化学成分变化以及对小鼠胃溃疡的治疗作用.方法：将环纹污白耙齿菌接种于人参花固体培养基中共发酵,获得人参花环纹污白耙齿菌菌质.利用紫外可见分光光度法测定发酵前后人参花菌质多糖和人参总皂苷的含量变化.建立无水乙醇致小鼠胃溃疡模型,观察人参花环纹污白耙齿菌共发酵前后对小鼠胃溃疡的面积以及溃疡抑制率的影响.结果：人参花环纹污白耙齿菌菌质多糖含量＞人参花高压灭菌后多糖含量＞人参花多糖含量;人参花高压灭菌后总皂苷含量＞人参花环纹污白耙齿菌菌质总皂苷含量＞人参花总皂苷含量.人参花、高压灭菌人参花、人参花环纹污白耙齿菌发酵菌质的70％乙醇提取物及人参花环纹污白耙齿菌发酵菌质的水提取物对抑制小鼠胃溃疡有一定疗效.结论：人参花在高压灭菌的过程中增加了多糖和总皂苷的含量,和人参花环纹污白耙齿菌共发酵会使多糖含量增加,但人参总皂苷含量没有显著变化.人参花环纹污白耙齿菌发酵菌质比单独使用人参花治疗胃溃疡的疗效更为显著.     

豫北平原栽培金银花精油化学成分分析

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术和毛细管气相色谱标准样叠加法分析了河南豫北平原栽培金银花干花蕾和鲜花精油的化学成分。从二者的精油中分别鉴定了27个和30个单萜及倍半萜类化合物。二者成分基本一致,其主要成分为芳樟醇、香叶醇、香树烯、丁香烯等。     

三七花及其易混淆品的微性状鉴别

目的:研究市售五加科植物三七(Panax notoginseng),人参(P.ginseng),西洋参(P.quinquefolius)的干燥花序的微性状特征,为该类药材的微性状鉴别提供科学的理论依据。方法:利用中药微性状鉴定法对市场上销售的3种花序的不同部位运用电子目镜进行拍照,采用Photoshop CS6软件程序合成高清晰度微性状特征图片来对微性状特征进行鉴别研究,并对其表面微性状特征进行描述。最后归纳、总结出各药材的鉴别要点。结果:微性状鉴别较明显的区别点集中在总花梗、小花梗、雌蕊方面,其中三七花总花梗和小花梗表面有非腺毛,小花梗表面白色突起呈不规则排列,雌蕊柱头分开,并且含有棕黄色树脂道;人参花总花梗和小花梗表面无非腺毛,雌蕊柱头常不分开,含不明显的黄色树脂道;西洋参花总花梗和小花梗表面有非腺毛,小花梗表面白色突起呈规则排列,雌蕊柱头不分开,无明显树脂道。结论:通过微性状鉴别法,可以清楚地看出各部位的微性状特征,能有效的对三七花、人参花、西洋参花进行区别,为三七花的真伪鉴别及质量评价提供依据。     

五味子花芽分化过程中3种内源激素的消长

目的:揭示内源激素与五味子花芽分化的内在联系。方法:以同一株系五味子超短枝顶芽及长枝的腋芽为试材,采用高效液相色谱法,测定花芽分化不同时期内源激素的含量。结果:高浓度的GA3对五味子的花芽分化及雌花形成具有抑制作用;高浓度的ABA可以促进五味子花芽分化和雌花形成;高浓度ZT对五味子花芽及雌花分化亦具有促进作用;低的GA3/ABA值有利于花芽的形成和雌花分化。结论:内源激素与五味子花芽分化存在一定关系。     

Identification of flower herbs in Chinese pharmacopoeia based on DNA barcoding

Objective Flower herbs are an important category of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, some of which are used as healthcare tea in folk. However, the increasing adulteration of medicinal herbs is threatening consumer safety. The adulteration of flower herbs and their healthcare tea products in the market were investigated. Methods A total of 33 flower herb samples from several retail pharmacies in China were randomly collected and 27 flower healthcare tea samples were purchased online. They were identified using ITS2-based Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Additionally, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the adulterants were compared in the ITS2 secondary structures. Results There were one adulterant (Inulae Flos) in flower herb materials and eight adulterants in healthcare tea samples. Inula linariifolia was an adulterate species of Inulae Flos, Robinia pseudoacacia was of Sophorae Flos, and Lonicera macranthoides was of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were two healthcare tea products with high adulteration rates. Conclusion The TCMD is powerful tool to identify flower herbs and the adulterants that frequently occurred in the flower herb market, especially online shops.     

Mechanisms of Chinese medical formula Fangji Huangqi Decoction as an effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome based on systems pharmacology

Objective: Flower herbs are an important category of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, some of which are used as healthcare tea in folk. However, the increasing adulteration of medicinal herbs is threatening consumer safety. The adulteration of flower herbs and their healthcare tea products in the market were investigated. Methods: A total of 33 flower herb samples from several retail pharmacies in China were randomly collected and 27 flower healthcare tea samples were purchased online. They were identified using ITS2-based Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Additionally, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the adulterants were compared in the ITS2 secondary structures. Results: There were one adulterant (Inulae Flos) in flower herb materials and eight adulterants in healthcare tea samples. Inula linariifolia was an adulterate species of Inulae Flos, Robinia pseudoacacia was of Sophorae Flos, and Lonicera macranthoides was of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were two healthcare tea products with high adulteration rates. Conclusion: The TCMD is powerful tool to identify flower herbs and the adulterants that frequently occurred in the flower herb market, especially online shops.     

Antimutagenic effect of broccoli flower head by the ames salmonella reverse mutation assay

A study was performed to investigate the antimutagenic effect of broccoli flower head by the Ames Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Broccoli flower head being the most highly edible part in the plant was analysed for its antimutagenic effect. Without isolating the phytomolecules, the crude ethanol extract of broccoli flower head was tested for suppressing the mutagenic effect induced by certain chemical mutagens. Three strains - TA 98, TA102 and TA 1535 were used in the study. The tester strains were challenged with their respective mutagens. These were challenged with the ethanol extract of broccoli flower head at concentrations of 23 and 46 mg/plate. The plates were incubated for 72 h and the revertant colonies were counted. The crude extract did not prove to be promutagenic. The ethanol extract of the broccoli flower head at 46 mg/plate suppressed the mutagenic effect induced by the corresponding positive mutagens on all the three tester strains used in this study. The crude extract of broccoli flower head alone was not cytotoxic even at the maximum concentration tested (46 mg/plate). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of broccoli at 46 mg/plate suggests their diverse antimutagenic potential against the mutagenic chemicals employed in this study.     

Saponin Accumulation in Flower Buds of Panax notoginseng

Objective Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Saponin accumulation is higher in the flower buds than in the other parts of P. notoginseng. However, the flower bud compositions have not yet been quantified. The aim of this study is to investigate the formation and accumulation of saponins in the flower buds of P. notoginseng from different populations and at different growth years. Methods Fourteen types of P. notoginseng with different growing durations and from different areas of Wenshan County, Yunnan Province were collected. We separated P. notoginseng individually into the flower buds, stems, leaves, and roots at the places where it has the highest saponin content. An efficient high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method was developed for simultaneously quantifying two active saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3, in the flower buds of P. notoginseng. The total saponin content was determined by using a quantitative vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 13 saponins and then quantify the composition in the whole plant of P. notoginseng. Results The saponin contents of different parts differ significantly, and the total saponin content and those of Rb1 and Rb3 do not entirely correlated. The flower buds of P. notoginseng contain 27.79% of total saponins, which is the highest saponin content in the whole plant. Fingerprint result showed that different saponins were appeared in different parts of the plant, i.e. flower buds, stems, leaves, and roots.Conclusion The saponin contents from the flower buds of P. notoginseng vary depending on the growth area and duration. The fingerprints show that the saponin contents and compositions vary depending on the part of P. notoginseng. These results are useful for the pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

基于SNP双峰法的人参花 西洋参花 三七花及其混合物的快速鉴定

目的:建立人参花、西洋参花、三七花及两两之间混合物的快速鉴定方法。方法:收集市售人参花、西洋参花和三七花共计22份,获取样品内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列。通过数据比对发现,在19~47 bp存在这3种花的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,据此建立混合粉末的双峰法检测方法,判断混合物的物种组成。结果:市售22份商品的DNA条形码序列经BLAST鉴定均为正品,但经SNP位点分析发现,有2份西洋参花样品(S1和S7)SNP位点处出现双峰[胸腺嘧啶(T)/胞嘧啶(C)]、(C/T),判断掺杂有人参花。结论:SNP双峰法可以作为BLAST分析的补充手段,应用于混合物的鉴定,为花茶类产品的市场监管提供参考。