超声诊断多部位多脏器多形态包虫病1例

患者女 ,5 9岁 ,青海牧民。因右上腹部疼痛 1月来院就诊。既往 6年前有肝包虫病手术病史。超声检查 :①肝左叶增大 ,上下径 136mm ,前后径 6 4mm ,右叶斜径 12 5mm ,左内叶近肝门处见一囊性肿块 82mm×35mm× 30mm ,壁薄 ,内有分隔 ,呈多房样 (图 1右 ) ;②肝门处见一囊性肿块 6 4mm× 6 2mm× 5 0mm ,壁厚 12mm ,内有分隔 ,该肿块压迫门静脉及胆总管 (图 1左 ) ,胆囊大小 75mm×2 4mm ,壁呈“双边”形 ,厚 5mm ,胆囊颈部见一结石嵌顿 ,直径9mm ;③腹膜后胰腺上方处见一囊性肿块 6 2mm× 4 5mm×38mm ,内有分隔 (图 2 ) ;④脾肿大 ,厚 92mm …     

多脏器损伤及多部位骨折

关于创伤致多脏器损伤 ,确切的病情估计及处理举措与其存亡相关 ,因此根据伤因、伤情在急诊处理时建立“多脏器损伤及多部位骨折脱位”这一危重概念是至关重要的。现就我们在近 10年救治并随访的 6例 ,总结分析如下。1　临床资料本组男 4例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 2 3～ 6 0岁 ,其中中青年 5例( 83% )。均行 CT、X- ray检查 ,第 1、2例行 MRI检查。其伤情见表 1、表 2。表 1　 6例多脏器损伤及串珠样骨折伤情例序伤因损伤脏器骨　折　部　位　及　脱　位1交通肇事 1脑挫伤 ;2左肾挫伤 ;3肝脾中心性破裂 1颅骨 ;2左多发性肋骨 ;3骨盆 ;4左髋脱位左…     

多原发癌

患过一种癌症的病人可能再患另一种癌症，称为多重癌或多原发癌。随着肿瘤发病率的升高及检测技术、治愈率的提高，多重癌的检出率也逐渐增多。我科近6年来诊治了16例双重癌和1例三重癌，文献曾有五重癌。甚至八重癌的报道。现结合国内多重癌的文献报道，对多重癌的概念、诊断、病因、发病率、漏误诊原因、好发部位及治疗预     

多原发癌

报告１９例多原发癌的临床资料。本组ＭＰＣ有下列特点：１．先证癌中，以喉癌最多；２．同时性ＭＰＣ占５２％．３．１７例非血液系统ＭＰＣ的先证癌有１５例为鳞癌；４．食道癌均表现为第二原发癌，其先证癌均为喉癌和下咽癌；５．同时性喉ＭＰＣ的第二原发癌可在多种器官发生。     

多胺代谢

多胺代谢可分两部分:多胺互变途径及终末分解代谢途径。在脊椎动物体内,前者系一循环过程,调控着多胺之间的相互转变,与多胺转运系统一道调节细胞内多胺的稳定。后者虽不参与细胞内多胺水平的调节,但可对特定的组织或生理阶段发挥调控作用。通过对伯氨基团的脱氨基作用,互变途径中的每一中介物均可被进一步氧化,生成醛或γ-乳胺。终末代谢产物及乙酰化的多胺由尿液排出体外。     

卵巢多原发癌

我科从1976～1984年收治经手术与病理证实的多原发癌(MPC)三例,均有卵巢癌成份,现结合国内文献讨论、报告如下。 例1,女,36岁,1968年在外院行乳腺癌根治术,病理证实为乳腺癌,1975年3月24日因胸闷,胸痛,间有血痰,逶视见左肺门有2.3×3.5cm类圆形肿块影,外缘清楚。曾多次在外地诊断为肺     

多系统多器官损伤38例救治分析

对2003-01／2007-12在我院收治的因外伤致全身多系统多器官损伤患者38例的急救及后续治疗体会总结如下。 1临床资料 1．1一般资料本组男27例，女11例，年龄18～57岁。其中车祸伤21例，建筑伤10例，高处坠落伤7例。累及器官：合并颅脑损伤（中型颅脑损伤及以上）8例，腹腔脏器损伤20例（其中肝脾破裂11例，空腔脏器破裂7例，胰腺损伤2例），胸部损伤17例，膈疝4例，肾脏及膀胱损伤7例，多发性骨折者28例。     

多骨多灶嗜酸性肉芽肿1例

嗜酸细胞肉芽肿为非肿瘤样病变，目前称之为Langerhans组织细胞瘤病，分组属于所谓网状内皮增殖病。嗜酸性肉芽肿多为单发病灶，也可单骨多灶，但多骨多灶少见。笔者近期遇到1例，报告如下。     

多根多处肋骨骨折68例治疗效果观察

目的观察多科协作应用记忆合金环抱接骨板固定治疗多根多处肋骨骨折的临床效果。方法 2008年1月至2011年12月我院多科协作应用记忆合金环抱接骨板固定治疗多根多处肋骨骨折患者68例。结果全组患者术后浮动胸壁立即消失,呼吸功能明显改善,疼痛显著减轻。住院(16±6)天,67例治愈出院,因多发伤死亡1例。3月时复查CT片和胸片,示骨折对位良好,临床愈合,胸廓无畸形,无内固定物滑脱,无固定性胸痛发生,无异物排斥反应或切口感染。结论应用记忆合金环抱接骨板固定肋骨骨折明显减轻疼痛,创伤小,操作简便,固定可靠,呼吸机应用时间短,肺部感染等并发症少,适合临床推广应用。     

马骏成才经验——多学多问多临床,勤思善悟善总结

正马骏(1940—),男,安徽中医学院第二附属医院主任医师。曾任中华中医药学会内科脾胃病分会常务理事、顾问,安徽省中医药学会常务理事、顾问,安徽省脾胃病专业委员会主任委员。安徽省名中医。从事中医临床50余载,擅长治疗内科疑难病症,特别是脾胃病     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.