新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肝移植病房管理单中心经验

自2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影响范围广、感染人数多,在对社会生活造成严重影响的同时,也给医院器官移植病房的管理带来了巨大挑战。肝移植受者术后免疫力低下,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)易感性可能较普通人群更高。因此,肝移植病房的管理具有其特殊性。COVID-19疫情期间,青岛大学附属医院肝脏移植科医护人员通过学习国家卫生健康委员会发布的COVID-19防控和诊疗方案以及相关指南,加强医护人员自身防护,制订适应疫情形势的住院患者管理流程,完善患者及其家属COVID-19相关知识宣教,建立并优化肝移植病房管理方案。期望通过特殊时期肝移植病房的有效管理,在予肝移植受者科学治疗的同时,有效避免2019-nCoV感染。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间全国器官捐献与移植工作的指导原则(二○二○年二月二十三日通过)

2019年12月,我国湖北省发生新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,随即向多省市迅速蔓延。我国的器官移植事业正处于高质量发展阶段,如何在严峻的疫情期间科学有序地开展器官捐献与移植工作,总结分析器官移植受者COVID-19的临床特点并优化对COVID-19的预防、早期诊断和治疗策略,确保医疗安全,既关系到器官移植事业的发展和终末期器官功能衰竭患者的救治,又关系到全国乃至全球COVID-19疫情防控的大局。为此,根据国家卫生健康委员会指示要求,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织国内相关专家撰写了本指导原则,供我国器官捐献与移植工作者及管理者参照执行。本指导原则参考国内已发表的"专家建议"、"防治策略"和"指导意见",经中华医学会器官移植学分会常委会线上审议通过,并将随着对COVID-19的进一步认识和疫情防控形势的变化进行修订。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎受者接受肺移植治疗的研究现状及思考

2020年初, 席卷全球的新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)疫情冲击着全球医疗系统, 各国器官捐献数量、列入等待名单的受者数量和肺移植手术量, 都受到了不同程度的影响。肺移植临床研究领域最受到关注的, 是对患有COVID-19伴严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)及不可逆肺纤维化患者的救治。目前, 以中国、韩国为代表的亚洲国家, 以美国、加拿大为代表的北美地区和以巴西为代表的拉丁美洲国家和欧洲多国, 均开展了COVID-19相关ARDS及不可逆肺纤维化受者肺移植的相关临床研究和病例报道, 关注点主要在如何评估肺移植的时机以及受者的选择方面, 这也成为了2022年4月在美国波士顿举办的第42届国际心肺移植年会(International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, ISHLT)上的讨论热点。本文现对COVID-19疫情以来, 新型冠状病毒肺炎受者接受肺移植治疗的研究现状进行总结, 提出未来的研究方向, ...     

重大疫情期器官捐献与移植国际经验对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期相关防控的启示

自2019年12月以来,我国多省市相继出现新型冠状病毒肺炎病例。面对当前疫情,如何安全开展器官捐献与移植工作、指导器官移植受者科学防范以及优化相关诊治流程等问题十分重要且紧迫。本文回顾相关文献,总结近年来国际重大疫情期器官捐献与移植工作应对经验,对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期器官捐献与移植工作提出应对策略和建议,以供临床工作参考。     

器官移植与疫苗接种

器官移植受者术后需长期服用免疫抑制剂,因此免疫功能低下,是感染的高危人群,且其住院率、危重率和病死率均较高。接种疫苗是目前公认的预防感染的有效方式,器官移植受者可以根据实际情况进行疫苗接种。但器官移植受者对疫苗的敏感性降低,其接种疫苗的种类、接种方式和时机一直是临床研究的热点。本文就器官移植受者疫苗接种的一般原则、器官移植受者特定疫苗的接种以及器官移植受者新型冠状病毒疫苗的接种做一简要述评,以期为器官移植受者的疫苗接种提供参考,并特别关注全球新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情大流行的情况下器官移植受者接种新型冠状病毒疫苗的现状。     

器官移植受者新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床特点和疫情期间的管理策略(第1版)

2019年12月,我国湖北省武汉市多家医院陆续发现多例不明原因肺炎病例,病原体为一种新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒),可导致新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎),严重者可危及生命。随后新冠肺炎疫情迅速在我国多省市蔓延。总结分析实体器官移植(SOT)受者新冠肺炎的临床特点,优化对其的预防、早期诊断和治疗策略尤为重要。为此,我们组织国内移植专家针对SOT受者肺部感染的特点并结合目前新冠肺炎的特点,参考国内外相关指南和规范撰写本文,供我国移植科医师借鉴。本管理策略会随着人类对于新冠病毒感染认识的不断深入,随时进行修订。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎康复期终末期缺血性心肌病心脏移植一例

本文总结武汉科技大学附属武汉亚洲心脏病医院2020年4月收治的1例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)康复期因终末期缺血性心肌病(ICM)心力衰竭行心脏移植的受者资料, 通过该病例诊疗经验为临床医师提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒可能导致患者睾丸损伤的原因分析及随访监测

2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在武汉出现及爆发已成为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。COVID-19患者除了典型呼吸道症状外,可能也对睾丸生精功能造成损伤。本文对COVID-19可能致睾丸损伤的原因及随访监测作一综述。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎相关股骨头坏死防治的快速临床建议

一、制订背景(一)新型冠状病毒流行病学及诊治特点新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)为2019年底在湖北省武汉市发现冠状病毒性肺炎病例,现世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)将新型冠状病毒疾病命名为COVID-19。新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株[1]。     

密切接触疑似新型冠状病毒感染患者的一例断指再植手术的处理

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在中国武汉出现.我院在2020年1月下旬,为1例接触疑似新型冠状病毒肺炎的断指患者实行再植手术,获得成功.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.