2015年全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查分析

目的了解和分析全国人体重点寄生虫病的流行现状和态势,为制定防治规划提供科学依据。方法 2014-2016年在全国31个省(直辖市、自治区,未包括港澳台地区)的农村地区根据全国生态功能区划分和各县农民年人均纯收入划分(高、中、低),采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在每省抽取4~36个县,每县抽取2~4个自然村,共1 890个调查点,每个调查点抽样调查常住居民250人,采集粪便,应用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法,一粪二检)检测蠕虫感染情况,生理盐水涂片法和碘液涂片法检测原虫感染情况,对3~6岁儿童采用透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫感染情况。同时,在城镇地区调查人群华支睾吸虫感染情况,按感染水平将全国划分为5类华支睾吸虫流行区(Ⅰ-Ⅴ),不同流行区类型的各省抽取2~37个县,在城镇地区以居委会为调查点,共抽样517个调查点,每个调查点调查常驻居民250人,仅调查华支睾吸虫感染情况。结果全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)共调查617 441人,其中农村484 210人,城镇133 231人,检出重点寄生虫感染者20 351例,检出率为3.30%;查出虫种34种,其中蠕虫23种,原虫11种。重点寄生虫加权感染率为5.96%,推算感染人数约为3 859万。其中蠕虫加权感染率为5.10%,肠道原虫加权感染率为0.99%,推算感染人数约为642万;土源性线虫加权感染率为4.49%,推算感染人数约为2 912万;3~6岁儿童蛲虫感染率为3.43%,推算感染人数约为155万;带绦虫加权感染率为0.06%,推算感染人数约为37万。全国华支睾吸虫加权感染率为0.47%,推算感染人数约为598万;农村华支睾吸虫加权感染率为0.23%,推算感染人数约为152万;城镇华支睾吸虫加权感染率为0.71%,推算感染人数约为446万。重点寄生虫感染流行呈明显区域性分布,土源性线虫中、高度流行区主要分布在四川、海南、贵州、云南、重庆、广西、广东和江西等省(直辖市、自治区)。华支睾吸虫流行区主要集中在广东、广西、黑龙江和吉林等省(自治区);带绦虫感染仍然主要分布在西藏;3~6岁儿童蛲虫高感染地区主要集中在海南、江西、广东、广西、贵州和重庆等省(直辖市、自治区)。50%以上的肠道原虫感染者集中分布在西藏、贵州和广西等西部省(自治区)。结论全国重点寄生虫感染率大幅降低,尤其是土源性线虫病下降最明显,绝大部地区处于低度流行或散发状态,且流行区域也明显缩小,但仍有一些省或局部地区感染较严重。重点寄生虫感染流行呈明显区域性分布,土源性线虫中、高度流行区主要分布在西南和南部两大片区,华支睾吸虫流行区主要分布在华南和东北两大片区,带绦虫仍然主要分布在西藏,3~6岁儿童蛲虫高感染地区主要集中在华南和西南地区,肠道原虫呈现出局部地区感染率较高的特点,主要分布在西部省份。我国农村地区重点寄生虫感染人数仍然较多,防控任务仍然艰巨。     

Investigation on the epidemiological factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection in an area of south China

To detect the epidemiological factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Hengxian County, one of counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region where Schistosoma japonicum was endemic but eliminated in the late 1980s, a questionnaire was designed with 37 questions covering socioeconomic conditions and human behavior, contamination of the environment and fish ponds, inadequate farming/fishery practices; and the formalin-ether sedimentation technique was used to examine the feces of cats, dogs and pigs for the eggs of C. sinensis. Fresh fish was sliced and digested to detect the metacercariae of C. sinensis under a stereomicroscope. Of 1,521 people interviewed, 64% of the interviewees did not know about fluke disease or its transmission route, 46% of those who knew about the fluke believed that the infection caused no harm or only slight harm to their health. More than half of the interviewees (51%) ate raw fish at least 1-2 times per month, more among the middle-aged males. Eight percent of them used the same utensils for both raw fish and cooked food. When advice was given not to eat raw fish, 73% of the interviewees thought it was not feasible. In relation to pisciculture, 25% and 9% of the owners of fish ponds fed their fish with feces of domestic animals and human feces, respectively. The prevalences of C. sinensis infection in cats, dogs and pigs were 70, 50 and 27%, respectively, and the infection rate in fish was 40%. These results indicate the poor knowledge, and beliefs, and unhealthy behaviors in the human population. They also show poor environmental hygiene and inappropriate farming/fishery practices are important in the increase of C. sinensis prevalence in humans. Combined interventions, including health education, environmental modification, reform of traditional farming/fishery practices, mass screening and chemotherapy for humans, and the management of domestic animals are needed in developing control strategies to decrease C. sinensis infection in the human population.     

广西人体华支睾吸虫感染现状调查分析

目的了解广西人群华支睾吸虫病流行现状和态势。方法按流行程度和水系流域进行分层整群随机抽样。用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检虫卵并计数。结果调查了9个县(市)27个点13990人,华支睾吸虫平均感染率为9.76%,平均EPG为1083,有6个县(市)查出感染者,其中3个县感染率超过20%。男性平均感染率和EPG分别为13.09%和1320;女性分别为5.89%和658,差异均有显著性。各年龄组人群均有感染,以成人感染为重。蒙古族居民感染率最高,为16.67%;汉族感染率为11.56%,高于壮族的8.17%;壮族感染者EPG最高,为1470。职业分布以医生、教师、农民和行政干部感染为重。结论1989年以来广西华支睾吸虫感染率显著上升,疫情快速蔓延,已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题,应积极开展综合性防治工作。     

中国华支睾吸虫病疾病负担估算及其变化趋势分析

目的 估算全国华支睾吸虫病疾病负担及其变化趋势,分析其空间分布特征,为该病防治提供科学依据.方法 基于1988-1992、2001-2004年和2014-2016年3次全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查华支睾吸虫感染率数据和国家统计局人口学数据,将伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,D...     

2016–2018年全国3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染监测

目的　了解我国3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染现状,为制定全国蛲虫病防控策略提供科学依据。方法　2016–2018年在全国30个省（直辖市、自治区）736个国家监测点开展蛲虫病监测。各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每片区抽取1个乡（镇）的1个行政村,每个行政村整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民200人,每个监测点共调查1 000人,对其中3～9岁儿童采用改良加藤厚涂片法和透明胶纸肛拭法进行蛲虫感染检测,计算蛲虫感染率等指标并进行比较分析。结果　2016–2018年,全国30个省（直辖市、自治区）736个监测点3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染率分别为2.50%、2.84%和2.46%,男、女童蛲虫感染率间差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）;南部和西南部地区（江西、广西、广东、四川、福建、重庆和海南）为蛲虫病主要流行区（感染率 ≥ 5.00%）,江西和广西儿童蛲虫感染率连续3年均位居前两位;汉族儿童蛲虫感染率高于少数民族儿童;4～7岁组儿童感染率较高,3、8岁和9岁组感染率均相对较低。结论　2016–2018年全国3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染率变化幅度不大,南部及西南部地区感染率较高,需重点关注。     

2006-2008年武鸣县人体肠道寄生虫感染调查

2006-2008年广西壮族自治区武鸣县人体肠道寄生虫感染调查显示,当地人群肠道寄生虫总感染率为46.65%,蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫和华支睾吸虫感染率分别为0.39%、0.71%、0.39%、25.71%和45.49%。华支睾吸虫已成为优势虫种,应继续加强宣教和防治工作。     

Molecular genetic profiles among individual Clonorchis sinensis adults collected from cats in two geographic regions of China revealed by RAPD and MGE-PCR methods

Clonorchis sinensis causes the important food-borne zoonosis, clonorchiasis, which is endemic in East Asia, especially in China mainly in Guangdong, Guangxi and Heilongjiang provinces and Korea. Although comparisons on isoenzymes and some molecular profiles of C. sinensis collected from different parts of China and Korea have been studied, few works on the genetic variation among the individuals from different regions of China has been reported. In the present study, individual adults of C. sinensis were collected from cats in two geographic locations (Guangdong province in the South and Heilongjiang province in the North) of China and 44 of them were examined by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and mobile genetic elements (MGEs)-PCR techniques to assess the individual genetic variability within and between the two groups of this parasite. Six arbitrary primers and two pairs of MGE primers were employed in the genomic DNA amplification. The molecular patterns showed significant polymorphism among the individuals. The RAPD data displayed that the similarity coefficient (SC) of the individuals within Heilongjiang group was much higher than that of the Guangdong group, which was further confirmed by MGE-PCR results. Individuals from Heilongjiang were found genetically closer with lesser polymorphisms than those collected from Guangdong province. These results demonstrated that RAPD and MGE-PCR techniques, particularly RAPD method, could be useful for investigating genetic variations among C. sinensis individuals. They may also indicate that the genetic variation of C. sinensis occurs in the subtropical region--Guangdong--faster than that in the cold-region--Heilongjiang province--due to more generations (life cycle) occurred.     

广西人体重要寄生虫病现状调查

目的了解广西人体重要寄生虫病的流行现状和流行因素。方法按照全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查的抽样方法进行抽样;粪便虫卵检查采用改良加藤厚涂片法、蛲虫卵检查采用透明胶纸拭肛法,血清学检查采用ELISA方法,并进行绦/囊虫病问卷调查。结果土源性线虫（钩、蛔、鞭、蛲）、华支睾吸虫总感染率为44.23%,检出7种虫种;其中,钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、华支睾吸虫感染率分别为18.52%、23.25%、11.37%、19.85%和3.71%。桂东、桂南地区总感染率较高（59.72%、47.98%）;学生总感染率（45.69%）较其他职业人群高;瑶族人群总感染率（76.77%）较其他民族高。≤15岁组人群蛔虫感染率较高,钩虫感染率随年龄的增加而增加,鞭虫感染者主要为5～15岁儿童。绦虫病主要集中在桂北和桂中的少数民族地区,以融水县绦虫感染率最高（8.46%）。结论广西人群土源性线虫感染率与12年前比较有较大幅度下降,但仍然处于较高水平,桂东、桂南地区感染率较高;食源性寄生虫感染呈上升趋势。     

广西华支睾吸虫病分布及流行趋势

目的了解广西华支睾吸虫病分布范围及流行趋势,为该病的防治提供科学依据。方法用Kato-Katz法或改良醛醚法粪检华支睾吸虫虫卵。收集既往资料与现场调查数据作统计分析。结果2004年广西华支睾吸虫病流行县市为59个,受威胁人口3852.6万。与1985年相比,流行县(市)增加了36个,受威胁的人口增加了2628.8万。2002年人群平均感染率为9.8%,为1987~1989年(1.2%)的8.1倍;轻、中、重、超重度感染分别占49.5%、36.2%、9.8%和4.5%。目前某些地区华支睾吸虫成为优势虫种,感染率达33.0%。结论广西华支睾吸虫病流行范围扩大,受威胁人口增多;有些地方华支睾吸虫已成为优势虫种,使当地人体寄生虫病谱发生了变化。     

医院就诊患者华支睾吸虫感染及临床特征分析

目的了解医院就诊患者华支睾吸虫感染情况及临床特点,为采取相应的防治措施提供依据。方法对2010～2011年17 584例就诊患者进行粪检,并分析华支睾吸虫虫卵阳性者的感染情况及实验室检测结果。结果受检者中华支睾吸虫感染2 043例,感染率11.62%,其中男性感染率为18.74%,女性为2.99%,男性显著高于女性(χ2=1052.15,P<0.01),30～岁组感染率最高,为22.15%;民族分布以壮族感染率最高,为29.98%;职业分布以农民感染率最高,为20.06%;有明显症状者1 735例(84.92%);实验室辅助检查中,74.94%感染者(1531例)有嗜酸性粒细胞升高,83.95%(1 715例)感染者有谷氨酰转移酶升高。华支睾吸虫感染者中62.41%有明确的食鱼生史,29.86%食过半生鱼虾。结论医院就诊者华支睾吸虫感染率较高,感染人群分布有明显差异性,应针对易感人群加强宣教等防治工作;对有食鱼生史且伴有嗜酸性粒细胞和谷氨酰转移酶增高患者,应粪检虫卵,以免漏诊。     

广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压患病率调查

目的探讨广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压的患病情况及其影响因素.方法采用整群抽样方法对657例≥40岁黑衣壮族人群的血压、身高、体重、体重指数、血脂及载脂蛋白进行测定,并将其结果与520例当地的汉族人群作比较.结果黑衣壮族人群高血压的患病率明显高于汉族人群(32.9%比24.6%,P＜0.01),黑衣壮族人群单纯收缩期高血压的患病率也明显高于汉族人群(16.7%比5.2%,P＜0.001).黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压患病率受总胆固醇、甘油三酯、年龄、性别、饮酒、民族和体重指数的影响.黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压知晓率为7.9%比19.5%(P＜0.01),治疗率4.2%比13.3%(P＜0.01),控制率1.4%比9.4%(P＜0.01).结论广西黑衣壮族中老年人群高血压患病率显著高于汉族,而高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率则显著低于汉族.     

The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in women of reproductive age in highly endemic areas in China

We describe the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age residing in areas of China that are highly endemic for chronic HBV, and provide evidence useful for decision‐makers to guide strategies for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV, and assess the impact of perinatal transmission PMTCT by projecting HBsAg prevalence trends without interventions. We conducted a cross‐sectional HBV serological survey of women, 15‐49 years of age, residing in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Demographic and other subject‐level data were collected in face‐to‐face interviews, after which we obtain blood specimens. Specimens were tested for HBV sero‐markers by ELISA (Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy), and HBV DNA was tested with PCR (Hunan Sansure Biotech). Weighted HBsAg and HBV (either HBsAg+ or anti‐HBc+ indicating either present or past infection) prevalences were 11.82% and 57.16%, respectively. Among the HBsAg‐positive women, 27% were also HBeAg positive. The proportion of individuals with HBV DNA loads >10⁵IU/mL declined with increasing age. Among HBsAg‐negative women, 0.9% had occult HBV infection. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection among reproductive women in these highly endemic provinces is high, posing a threat to maternal health and risk of mother‐to‐child transmission. Prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission remains critically important.     

哈尔滨市城乡居民寄生虫感染情况的调查

本次按全国人体寄生虫分布调查实施细则的要求和方法对我市郊区4个乡和一个城市居民委员会进行检查,共检查2526人,阳性者471人,感染率为18.7％。查见10种人体寄生虫, 即华支睾吸虫、蛔虫、蛲虫(儿童),鞭虫、带绦虫、结肠内阿米巴、微小内蜒阿米巴、溶组织内阿米巴、贾第虫和人酵母菌。其感染率依次为8.8％、6.5％、7.1％、0.9％、0.04％、0.04％、0.1％、0。04％、O.2％和1.2％。华支睾吸虫的感染率朝鲜族显著高于汉族(P<0.05),15岁以上组显著高于14岁以下组(P<0.05),农村显著高于城市(P<0.01)。蛔虫的感染率朝鲜族高于汉族(P<0.05),15岁以上组与14岁以下组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),农村高于城市(P<0.05)。     

改良加藤厚涂片法和PCR法检测华支睾吸虫感染的 效果比较

目的　比较改良加藤厚涂片法（Kato?Katz法）和PCR法对现场人群粪便样本中华支睾吸虫感染的检出率,为华支睾吸虫感染检测方法的选择提供依据。方法　在2016年广西壮族自治区藤县人体华支睾吸虫感染流行病学调查的基础上,随机抽取133份粪便样本,-20 ℃保存。分别采用Kato?Katz法（1粪3检）和PCR法检测华支睾吸虫感染,比较两种方法对华支睾吸虫感染的检出率,采用Kappa分析评价两种检测方法结果的一致性。结果　133份人群粪便样本中,华支睾吸虫感染总检出率为77.44%（103/133）,其中Kato?Katz法检出率为57.14%（76/133）,PCR法检出率为70.68%（93/133）, PCR法检出率显著高于Kato?Katz法（[χ2] = 26.15,P <0.01）。76份Kato?Katz法阳性粪便样本中,88.16%（67/76）的样本PCR法扩增阳性;57份Kato?Katz法阴性样本中,47.37%（27/57）的样本PCR法扩增阳性。PCR法对每g粪便虫卵数（EPG）> 1 000的粪便样本中华支睾吸虫感染的检出率（94.7%,18/19）高于EPG < 1 000的样本（85.96%,49/57）,但差异无统计学意义([χ2] = 1.05,P = 0.436)。两种方法检出率一致性检验结果一般（Kappa = 0.73）。结论　PCR法对人群华支睾吸虫感染的检出率显著高于Kato?Katz法。建议在华支睾吸虫感染度较轻的地区,采用Kato?Katz法结合PCR法进行检测,以提高检出率。     

Epidemiological investigation on Clonorchis sinensis in human population in an area of South China

To detect the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, one of the important helminthes in the human population of the Guangxi Region where Schistosoma japonicum was endemic but eliminated in the late 1980s, the Kato-Katz thick smear technique was used for examining fecal samples from selected townships in Hengxian County. Among 1,552 people examined, 491 (31.6%) were found infected with C. sinensis. By counting eggs per gram feces (EPG), it was found that the light, moderate, and heavy intensities of infection occupied 55.4, 33.0, and 11.6%, respectively, with an average EPG of 4,845 in the infected subjects. The survey revealed that the prevalence in the age groups of 0 - 9 and 10 -19 years old was less than 10% but was 45 - 50% in the groups between 30 - 39 and 60 - 69 years old. A much higher prevalence was demonstrated in the male population (41.9%) than in the females (20.5%), and heavier intensity of infection was also found in the males than in the females. These results indicated that the prevalence of this liver fluke is increasing in the past decade in that region, and there is an urgent need to further assess the epidemiological factors in reference to the area's changing socioeconomic conditions and human behavior, contamination of the environment and fish ponds, inadequate farming/fishery practices, and the infection of domestic animals.     

广西华支睾吸虫病流行病学调查研究

目的　调查广西华支睾吸虫病的分布范围和流行特点。　方法　根据广西的不同地理位置及行政区划 ,随机选取调查点。用水洗沉淀法或醛醚集卵法粪检华支睾吸虫卵 ,并计算克粪便虫卵数 ;用玻片压碎法、压片法和人工消化法检查中间宿主淡水螺、鱼类的自然感染情况 ;用解剖动物找成虫或粪检查虫卵的方法了解保虫宿主感染情况。　结果　共调查 4 4个县 (市 ) 135个点 112 4 4 4人 ,人群平均感染率为 2 0 .15 % ,感染率随年龄增长而升高 ,男性高于女性 (P<0 .0 1)。第一中间宿主有赤豆螺、纹沼螺、长角函螺和硬豆螺 ;第二中间宿主有麦穗鱼、台细鳊等淡水鱼类 4科 32种。保虫宿主有猫、犬。人群感染方式以吃“鱼生”为主。　结论　广西华支睾吸虫病流行广泛 ,其中南部地区流行程度较重 ,呈“片状”分布 ;北部地区较轻 ,呈“点状”分布。     

广西艾滋病疫情严重地区壮族和汉族普通人群CCR5 CCR2 SDF1等位基因检测及其意义

目的调查艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型（HIV—1）感染相关的CCR5、CCR2及SDF1等位基因,在广西壮族和汉族普通人群中的多态性及其流行病学意义。方法在广西天等县和南宁市,选取150名壮族和90名汉族健康人作为研究对象,采集外周血,提取基因组DNA,用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增CCR5、CCR2及SDF1基因的特定片段。直接根据PCR扩增结果分析CCR5基因多态性,运用限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）技术分析CCR2及SDF1的多态性。结果全部研究对象的CCR5基因均为野生型,未发现CCR5△32突变;CCR2—64Ⅰ等位基因频率在壮、汉族普通人群中分别为25．7％、26．1％;SDF1—3’A等位基因频率分别为27．7％和27．2％。结论广西壮、汉族普通人群缺乏艾滋病抗性的CCR5△32等位基因,而CCR2-641和SDF1—3’A等位基因频率较高。该研究为深入研究广西壮、汉族普通人群对于HIV—1感染的遗传易感性,以及对艾滋病疫情和病程的影响提供了比较全面、可靠的数据。     

全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查报告

目的为了解和分析我国人体重要寄生虫病的流行现状和态势,评估近十年来的防治效果,并为制定防治对策提供科学依据,卫生部于2001年6月～2004年底在全国(除台湾、香港、澳门外)进行了人体重要寄生虫病现状调查.方法按照对总体率进行估计的随机抽样样本量计算公式,确定全国调查的样本量及各省(区、市)调查的样本量,然后根据地理位置和经济条件这两个特征分层整群随机抽样的方法,分三步抽样,分别到县(市)、乡(镇)和点.在已知有华支睾吸虫流行的27省(区)同时另行抽样作"流行区调查",样本量为217 829.土源性线虫、带绦虫和华支睾吸虫感染等采用病原学检查,棘球蚴病、囊尾蚴病(囊虫病)、并殖吸虫病、旋毛虫病和弓形虫病以血清学检查为主.结果以病原学检查方法在全国31个省(区、市)共检查356 629人,查出感染蠕虫26种,其中福建发现的东方次睾吸虫和埃及棘口吸虫为国内外人体感染首次报告,广西发现的扇棘单睾吸虫为国内人体感染首次报告.蠕虫总感染率为21.74%,其中土源性线虫感染率为19.56%(包括钩虫6.12%、蛔虫12.72%、鞭虫4.63%),推算全国感染土源性线虫人数约为1.29亿(钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫感染人数分别约为3 930万、8 593万、2 909万);带绦虫感染率为0.28%,推算全国感染带绦虫人数约为55万;华支睾吸虫感染率为0.58%;流行区(27省、区、市)华支睾吸虫感染率为2.40%,推算感染华支睾吸虫人数约为1 249万.12岁以下儿童蛲虫感染率为10.28%.棘球蚴病、囊尾蚴病、并殖吸虫病、旋毛虫病和弓形虫病的血清阳性率分别为12.04%(4 796/39 826)、0.58%(553/96008)、1.71%(1 163/68 209)、3.38%(3 149/93239)和7.88%(3 737/47 444).结论本次调查结果与1990年全国性调查的相比,钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫等土源性线虫感染率分别下降60.72%、71.29%和73.60%,感染人数显著减少.广东、广西、吉林等3省(区)的华支睾吸虫感染率明显上升,分别为182%、164%和630%.四川、西藏两省(区)的带绦虫感染率上升幅度最为明显,分别为98%和97%.棘球蚴病在西部地区流行仍较严重.许多寄生虫病仍在农村和牧区广为流行,农、牧民的寄生虫感染率、患病率较高,并导致一定的病死率,尤其对女性和儿童.     

广西1996～2003年艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的充分利用广西壮族自治区艾滋病哨点监测资料,进一步掌握广西艾滋病流行现状,使其切实服务于政策开发、预防控制策略和措施的制定,以及干预活动的设计和效果评价。方法按照哨点监测方案在13个点对吸毒者、暗娼、性病门诊就诊者和孕产妇等人群进行监测,监测数据用EPI和SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果(1)吸毒人群共用注射器吸毒的比例高达50%以上,艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染在此人群中呈现持续上升的趋势:1996年的监测中未发现HIV感染者,1997年HIV感染率为2.5%,2003年上升为17.0%;(2)暗娼中从不使用安全套的比例较高,约为60.0%,这部分人群中已出现HIV感染;由于部分暗娼为吸毒者,以致某些地方感染率高达10.3%;(3)性病门诊就诊者中性传播疾病的罹患率很高,HIV感染者在各哨点中均有发现,感染率约为0.2%;(4)孕产妇的哨点中也发现了HIV感染者,感染率约为0.1%。结论广西艾滋病的流行已开始从高危人群向一般人群扩散,形势非常严峻。必须尽快采取有效的预防控制措施,减缓艾滋病在广西的流行速度。     

Relationship between male hydrocele and infection prevalences in clustered communities with uncertain transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti on the Thailand-Myanmar border

A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in three clustered communities, belonging to a single small village in Mae Chan subdistrict, Umphang district, Tak Province, close to the Thailand-Myanmar border, where regular night blood survey have been discontinued since 1997 and no epidemiological study had been conducted. In order to understand prevalences of distribution of male hydrocele and infection in clinically diagnostic and epidemiologic implications in uncertain transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, we analyzed the relationship between male hydrocele and community infection prevalences in 219 (90.5% coverage) subjects aged > or =1 year old, including 54.8% migratory and 45.2% local Karen inhabitants. Migratory inhabitants tended to have high prevalence of antigenemia (p < 0.05) and hydrocele. Overall rates of 23.7% antigenemia, 3.7% microfilaremia, and 4.6% male hydrocele were observed. Male hydrocele prevalence was significantly correlated (r = 0.348, p < 0.0001) with antigenemia prevalence, but not with microfilaremia prevalence (r = 0.065, p = 0.493). However, high antigenemia prevalence in local inhabitants was evident, particularly antigenemia prevalence in children suggesting that transmission in the village may have occurred in recent years.