Sheffield足踝U型外固定支架治疗重度跟腱挛缩畸形

目的 探讨Sheffield足踝U型外固定架矫治跟腱挛缩畸形的临床疗效.方法 2010年9月至2011年1月共收治6例重度跟腱挛缩患者,男4例,女2例;年龄18～43岁,平均27岁.手术安置外固定牵引架,定期调整外固定支架矫治跟腱挛缩、足内收及内翻畸形,踝关节过度矫正,达到背屈15°、外翻0°后,可拆除外固定支架.结果 所有患者术后均获3～7个月(平均4.5个月)随访,跟腱挛缩畸形均得到良好的矫治,均无血管、神经损伤等并发症,术后加强功能锻炼,均能站立行走,功能基本正常.按Garceau评价标准:优5例,良1例,优良率为100%.结论 采用Sheffield足踝U型外固定牵引架矫正重度跟腱挛缩畸形,创伤小,可避免血管神经损伤等并发症,能较快地矫正踝关节跖屈畸形及相应的足部软组织挛缩畸形,患者短时间内可恢复下地行走,是跟腱挛缩、尤其是重度畸形的理想治疗方法之一.     

伊氏外固定架治疗烧伤后瘢痕挛缩性足下垂畸形

目的 了解应用伊氏外固定架治疗瘢痕挛缩性足下垂的疗效. 方法 2004年6月-2007年10月,笔者应用伊氏外固定架治疗烧伤后瘢痕挛缩性足下垂患者6例,将组装好的伊氏外固定架按照穿针固定原则安装在患侧小腿和足部.术后3 d开始转动螺纹杆上的螺母,第1周旋转螺母2～4圈/次,4次/d;1周后旋转螺母1～2圈/次,4次/d,逐渐缩短或延长前后螺纹杆,矫正马蹄足畸形.在此基础上,再将踝关节固定在中立位2～3个月.去除外固定架后让患者逐渐增加负重量直至完全负重,不负重时穿戴支具保持踝关节处于中立位至少3个月.随访患者5～10个月.结果 6例患者应用伊氏外固定架4～6周后,踝关节可恢复到中立位.穿戴固定架时间12～15周,去除支架后患足畸形能达到0°位全足底负重,行走功能良好. 结论伊氏外固定架操作简单安全,手术创伤小,可作为矫治患者瘢痕挛缩性足下垂的选择方法.     

儿童颈部烧伤重度瘢痕挛缩畸形的矫治

198 8年 12月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我科收治颈部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形 4 39例 ,其中儿童 2 30例 ,按颈部烧伤瘢痕畸形分类 ,治疗了 ～ 度畸形 38例 ,采用整张厚中厚皮片分别移植修复颈前部和颏下水平部。获得满意效果 ,报告如下1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组 38例 ,男 2 3例 ,女 15。年龄 2～ 8岁。烫伤 6例 ,烧伤 32例。就诊时间 8个月～ 3年 , 度 31例 , 度 7例。手术均采用厚中厚自体皮片移植 ,术后使用弹力带 ,其力点在颈颏角部 ,持续 4～ 6个月。愈后功能及外观恢复良好。1.2　手术方法本组手术在患儿清醒状态下颈部常规消毒、铺巾 ,于…     

瘢痕跟腱瓣修复瘢痕挛缩性足下垂

我们从1999年3月～2004年8月采用瘢痕跟腱瓣修复瘢痕挛缩性足下垂12例,效果满意.报告如下.     

同期跟腱延长及胫骨延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形

目的：介绍应用半环式外固定架渐进性骨牵伸延长并同期行跟腱延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形的经验。方法：36例合并马蹄足的下肢短缩患者同期行跟腱延长及胫骨延长术,骨延长采用胫骨上端舌型截骨或胫骨上端骨骺牵开。半环式外固定架缓慢延长。结果：36例患者骨延长4-9cm,平均6.5cm。均达预期长度,马蹄足畸形矫正和功能恢复达到术前设计的矫正效果。结论：本术式能减少合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形矫正手术次数和术后畸形发生,并有利于术后功能锻炼。     

半环式外固定架骨延长治疗儿童下肢短缩畸形

目的：介绍应用半环式外固定架渐进性骨牵伸／加压技术治疗儿童下肢短缩的经验。方法：单纯下肢短缩采用股骨远端或胫骨近端横行截骨,半环式外固定架牵伸延长,胫骨骨缺损、骨不连性肢体短缩除截骨延长外,还将假关节端修整丰杨互嵌合的“Ｖ”形并加压。结果：１６例患儿骨延长４～８ｃｍ,平均４．７ｃｍ,均达预期长度。结论：半环式外固定架骨延长治疗儿童下肢短缩畸形疗效满意。合并骨缺损、骨不连的肢体短缩是应用半式或外回定     

闭式截骨外固定架固定治疗膝外翻畸形

自1999年4月至2003年5月，我院对9例膝外翻畸形用闭式截骨外固定架固定治疗，临床效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩畸形

目的:分析微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩患者的疗效和可行性。方法:2002年1月至2010年12月选择性地采用微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩27例(31足),男11例,女16例;年龄3～65岁,平均35.5岁;右足13例,左足10例,双足4例;病程1～5年,平均2.3年。挛缩原因:胫骨骨折髓内钉治疗术后7足,小腿骨筋膜室综合征后遗症11足,先天性马蹄内翻足13足(双足4例)。手术前患者行走跛行,足跟落地困难,跖屈畸形成15°～50°,平均35.5°。术前股四头肌肌力Ⅴ级27足,Ⅳ级4足;小腿三头肌肌力Ⅴ级24足,Ⅳ级7足。结果:27例全部随访,时间6～24个月,平均11.3个月。按照Arner-Lindholm疗效标准进行踝关节功能评定:优29足,良2足。随访期间未发现跟腱挛缩复发,断裂,感染等并发症。结论:微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩操作简单、并发症少、复发率低,有利于患者彻底康复。股四头肌肌力或者小腿三头肌肌力经过术前康复治疗仍然低于Ⅲ级的患者不选择该手术。     

跨关节接骨板联合环形外固定架矫正陈旧屈膝畸形

1临床资料患者,男,28岁,主因"车祸后右膝关节屈曲畸形1年"就诊。患者伤后经颅脑外伤抢救,之后发现右股骨内髁骨折畸形愈合合并屈膝畸形。既往体健。查体见右膝屈膝50°畸形,被动屈伸活动度140°     

Ilizarov技术矫正合并皮肤瘢痕挛缩的僵硬型足踝畸形

目的探讨Ilizarov技术矫正合并皮肤瘢痕挛缩的僵硬型足踝畸形的手术方法、术后管理程序及疗效。方法2004年2月～2007年5月，根据Ilizarov张力一应力法则，应用自行研制的外固定矫形器治疗伴有皮肤瘢痕挛缩的足踝畸形12例，其中马蹄内翻足10例，马蹄外翻足2例。9例同期实施足跗骨的有限截骨术，3例实施足部肌腱转移肌力平衡术，1例同期实施胫骨延长术。术后5d开始旋转相应的螺纹牵拉杆，对器械进行三维空间的缓慢调整，足内翻者先矫正前足内收和后足内翻，后矫正足下垂畸形，直至达到矫形要求的标准，足外翻者牵拉矫形的方向与内翻足相反。在矫形的过程中定期进行x线检测，以防止发生踝关节前后移位。治疗期间鼓励患足负重行走。术后平均牵伸78d，停止牵伸后在外固定器维持下患足负重行走平均69d，拆外固定器后配矫形鞋行走2～3个月。结果12例患者术后随访5个月～2年4个月（平均1年5个月）。8例足畸形获满意矫正，能全足底负重，行走功能良好，患者满意。4例足下垂畸形出现部分复发，其中3例再次安装足踝牵伸器矫正。最终疗效11例满意，1例可。僵硬的瘢痕组织经牵拉后血液循环改善，皮肤瘢痕变软。无一例发生严重针道和皮肤切口感染，未并发踝关节脱位及血管、神经损伤等并发症。结论改良的Ilizarov微创技术能有效矫正合并皮肤瘢痕挛缩的僵硬型足踝畸形，合并骨性畸形者应配合有限截骨手术，但牵拉过程必须缓慢。足踝畸形达到矫形要求后，患足全负重行走不少于8周再拆除外固定器，可避免或减少畸形反弹。皮肤瘢痕组织在张应力作用下，可出现血液循环改善与组织再生的现象。     

Coronal plane lengthening of achilles tendon

Surgical Principles The antero-posteriorly flat Achilles tendon is longitudinally sectioned in a coronal plane. Proximally the longitudinally split tendon is severed posteriorly and distally, the tendon is cut anteriorly. During the manual correction of the pes equinus both parts of the tendon slide against each other leaving a sufficient overlap of the divided surfaces. We published this technique first in 1982 [1].     

Surgical anatomy and accuracy of percutaneous achilles tendon lengthening

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening is frequently done to treat gastrocsoleus equinus contracture. To our knowledge, no study has documented the proximity of tendinous or neurovascular structures to the nearest edges of each hemisection in a percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening, the complication rates related to injury of such structures, or the Achilles tendon rupture rates from inaccurate cuts. Thus, our goal was to document these distances and determine the accuracy of this procedure. METHODS: We performed triple-hemisection percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening (Hoke technique) in 15 cadaver specimens and documented the distance from each cut edge to various relevant anatomical structures. We also documented the accuracy of each cut (diameter of hemisection divided by total tendon diameter), with a reference goal of 50% transection at each level. RESULTS: We found that percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening is a relatively accurate procedure with hemisections averaging 50% for the middle cut and 60% at the most proximal cut, and 55% at the distal cut. Some tendinous and neurovascular structures are, on average, less than 1 cm from the nearest margin of a given hemisection and are, therefore, at risk. These included the flexor hallucis longus at the middle and proximal cuts (9.1 mm and 5.7 mm, respectively), the tibial nerve at the proximal cut (8.3 mm), and the sural nerve at the middle-lateral cut (7.9 mm). CONCLUSION: In cadavers, reasonably accurate cuts can be made, with some vital structures less than 1 cm from the cut tendon.     

Early mobilization after sliding achilles tendon lengthening in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Equinus deformity is a common finding in children with cerebral palsy and may be treated by Achilles tendon lengthening. To prevent recurrence, some authors recommend immobilizing the operated leg with an above-knee cast for six weeks, followed by use of a night splint or orthosis. Nevertheless, there are recurrence rates of up to 20.5%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term result of postoperative immobilization for two weeks in a below-knee cast and early weight bearing, without the use of a splint or orthosis. Thirty-six children (52 feet) with spastic cerebral palsy underwent sliding Achilles tendon lengthening. Follow-up of five to ten years showed a comparable recurrence rate (19.2%) to that reported with the standard, more stringent management approach. Most of the recurrences were in children operated on before five years of age. We believe earlier motion helps to sustain the tendon length achieved at surgery and allows for earlier independent gait.     

Correction of contracted nail deformity by distraction lengthening

Ten callus distraction-lengthening procedures were performed in 10 distal phalanges to correct contracted nail deformities. The average age of the patients was 28.8 (14 approximately 41) years. A 1-week resting period was allowed, followed by gradual lengthening at a rate of 0.125 mm/day. The average lengthening achieved was 9.8 mm (86.3%; 43% approximately 218%). The healing indices were 68.6 days/cm. Additional minor procedures for the paronychium, nail bed, and hyponichium were performed in 6 cases. All patients were satisfied with the reformed nail, which overcame the disfigurements resulting from a deficiency of the bone and soft tissue. Distraction lengthening along with the microvascular free toenail transfer is recommended for nail reconstructions due to its simultaneous gain of bone and soft tissue.     

The effect of achilles tendon lengthening on ankle dorsiflexion: a cadaver study

BACKGROUND: Tendon lengthening is an important cause of morbidity after Achilles tendon rupture. However, direct measurement of the tendon length is difficult. Ankle dorsiflexion has, therefore, been used as a surrogate measure on the assumption that it is the Achilles tendon that limits this movement. The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between Achilles tendon length and ankle dorsiflexion. The primary question was whether or not the Achilles tendon is the structure that limits ankle dorsiflexion. The secondary purpose was to quantify the relationship between Achilles tendon lengthening and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. METHODS: Five cadaver specimens were dissected to expose the tendons and capsular tissue of the leg and hindfoot. Fixed bony reference points were used as markers for the measurements. In the first specimen, the Achilles tendon was intact and the other structures that may limit ankle dorsiflexion were sequentially divided. In the other specimens the Achilles tendon was lengthened by 1 cm intervals and the effect upon ankle dorsiflexion movement was recorded. RESULTS: Division of the other tendons and the capsular tissue around the ankle joint did not affect the range of ankle dorsiflexion. When the Achilles was divided the foot could be dorsiflexed until the talar neck impinged upon the anterior aspect of the distal tibia. There was a mean increase of 12 degrees of dorsiflexion for each centimeter increase in tendon length. CONCLUSION: The Achilles tendon is the anatomical structure that limits ankle dorsiflexion, even when the tendon is lengthened. There was a linear relationship between the length of the Achilles tendon and the range of ankle dorsiflexion in this cadaver model. Ankle dorsiflexion would appear to be a clinically useful indicator of tendon length.     

不同骨延长器治疗肢体畸形并大段骨缺损

[目的]利用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix肢体重建系统（Orthofix LRS）及Hybrid固定系统（Hybrid Fixation System）与Orthofix LRS的组合，对不同的肢体畸形并大段骨缺损进行矫形及骨延长治疗，同时观察其疗效。[方法]自2000年8月-2004年3月分别用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS及Hybrid支架与Orthofix LRS的组合进行骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损。畸形处采用线形／楔形截骨。畸形愈合并骨短缩者楔形截骨后进行骨痂牵开骨延长术，骨不连并畸形及短缩者接合点加压与截骨矫形骨段滑移延长同时进行。[结果]矫正股骨短缩畸形7cm1例，胫骨6例，内翻畸形2例，后成角畸形2例，混合畸形2例。平均延长5．3cm（4．5—7cm），平均延长时间3．5个月，平均延长后外固定时间7个月，无神经血管损伤，膝踝关节活动未受影响。[结论]Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS、Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合用于骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损均能达到矫形及骨延长的治疗目的。Orthofix LRS及Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合较Ilizarov支架操作简便，安全可靠，患者乐于接受。     

Humeral lengthening and deformity correction

Nine patients with achondroplasia and one patient with Apert syndrome underwent the surgical lengthening of both humerus and simultaneous correction of both associated bone deformity. An unilateral external fixator was applied to the lateral aspect of the humerus with four half-pins and percutaneous predrilling osteotomy was performed at the apex of flexion deformity of the bone. During the waiting period before distraction, the flexion deformity of the distal humerus was corrected using an additional external fixator. Slow gradual distraction was subsequently carried out at a rate of 0. 25 mm every 6 hours. The average lengthening was 8 cm (range 7.5 to 9 cm), the overall treatment time 312 days (range 192 to 406 days), and the average healing index 39.0 days/cm. The average correction of the elbow flexion deformity was 20 degrees. We believe this treatment is useful to improve the function of the arms and the activity of daily living for the patients with bilateral short humeri.