Housemaids and non-fatal occupational injuries

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual incidence of non-fatal work injuries according to sociodemographic and occupational variables among housemaids. METHODS: A community-based survey was conducted in a population of 1,650 women aged 10 to 65 years who reported a paid occupation randomly selected in a household sample of the city of Salvador, Brazil. Data was collected through individual questionnaires on living and work conditions and health status. Fisher Exact test was performed for frequency analysis. RESULTS: It was estimated an overall annual incidence of non-fatal work injuries in the study population of 5.0%, which was statistically significant (p<0.05) higher among housemaids (7.3%) than in the group with other occupations (4.5%). Half of the injuries among housemaids were not related with long-term disabilities, and 38.1% women referred not being able to work for two weeks on average after the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Housemaids represent a major contingent of the work force in Brazil and other Latin America countries. The high incidence of non-fatal work injuries in this working group reveals its public health relevance and the need for preventive programs.     

职业紧张与非致死性职业伤害关系的研究

目的评价职业紧张和非致死性职业伤害的关系。方法采用1:1配比的病例-对照调查设计,以2013年10—12月在中山市6家工伤定点医院收治的151名职业意外伤害工人和151名经年龄、性别、工种匹配且在过去一年无意外伤害的同事为调查对象,运用工作内容问卷(Job Content Questionnaire,JCQ)测量职业紧张。结果两组工人的职业紧张包括自主性维度与工作要求维度与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。社会支持方面,上级支持维度得分两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。使用多因素COX回归拟合条件logistic回归分析结果显示,工作需求高(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.15~1.42)是职业性意外伤害的危险因素,而工作自主性高(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.74~0.91)及上级支持较高(OR=0.84,95%CI=0.69~1.00)是职业性意外伤害的保护因素。结论职业紧张对非致死性职业伤害的发生存在影响。     

非致死性职业伤害危险因素的研究进展

职业伤害(Occupational in juries)即工伤是指工人在从事生产劳动过程中,由于职业性事故(Occupational acc idents)而引起机体组织的突然性意外损伤,它不仅能造成缺勤,而且可引起残废、甚至死亡[1]。国际劳工组织2002年5月24日在日内瓦发表的公告称:全球每年大约有2·7亿工人发     

某钢铁企业非致死性职业伤害流行病学调查

目的了解钢铁企业非致死性职业伤害发生特征,为有效防治职业伤害的发生提供依据。方法对某钢铁企业职业伤害的发生情况进行调查,分析非致死性职业伤害的发生特征及工作日损失情况。结果某钢铁企业在1988—2002年,共发生非致死性职业伤害590人次,发生率为1.98×10-2人次/人年;伤害主要累及四肢(71.5%);伤害性质以烧烫伤为主(29.0%);各种伤害导致的休工率为68.6%、住院率为17.8%,有87.3%的病例休工日≥4 d。结论职业伤害已严重影响职业人群的健康和经济的发展,应加强职业伤害的防治。     

金属制造业非致死性职业伤害流行特征分析

目的了解金属制造业非致死性职业伤害流行特征，为有效控制职业伤害的发生提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，抽取7家金属制造工厂中的2487名工人进行问卷调查，分析非致死性职业伤害发生特征和影响因素。结果调查人群非致死性职业伤害的年发生率为15．08％；事故类型以机器伤害（16．80％）、物体打击（13．60％）和热／火烫（11．47％）为主；伤害部位主要为手指／脚趾（78．16％）。多因素L0gistic回归分析显示，个性维度中的N分较高（情绪稳定性差）、年龄小、文化程度及技术等级低、采用计件／计时方式计算工资等因素。可使职业伤害发生的危险性升高。结论职业伤害已成为重要的公共卫生问题。应引起社会的广泛关注。     

某钢铁企业非致死性职业伤害的影响因素分析

目的了解钢铁厂职业伤害特点,分析个体因素、职业因素以及职业安全知识、态度、行为与职业伤害的关系,找出其危险因素,为预防和控制职业伤害发生提供科学依据。方法采用成组病例对照研究,对广西某钢铁企业发生非致死性职业伤害职工及未发生伤害职工进行统一的问卷调查,调查内容包括职业伤害情况、职业因素及职业安全认知、态度、行为的情况。用单因素及多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析影响非致死性职业伤害发生的危险因素。结果共调查发生非致死性职业伤害职工112人,未发生伤害职工144人。112例职业伤害职工中轻伤94例(83.9%),重伤18例(16.1%),男性(91.1%)多于女性(8.9%),20~39岁(占81.5%)为职业伤害高发年龄段,一线工人占67.9%,发生的月份以6月(13.4%)最高,多数伤及手腕部(21.0%),物体打击(28.6%)为主要伤害类型。伤害的影响因素包括:性别(OR=2.633)、健康状况(OR=0.127)、每天接触机器时间(OR=1.214)、组织协调程度(OR:0.084~0.160)、认为从事的工作是否安全(OR=3.574)、认为是否有必要进行安全生产教育(OR=0.075)、认为...     

Impact of psychosocial job stress on non-fatal occupational injuries in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises

BACKGROUND: Workers involved in manufacturing are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury, and this risk is greater in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial job stress and occupational injuries among workers in SMEs. METHODS: One thousand forty-nine men and 721 women from 244 SMEs participated in this study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 14 job stress variables. Occupational injury was assessed by self-report during the last 1-year period. RESULTS: Workers with high quantitative workload (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 for men, 1.62 for women), high cognitive demands (OR = 1.70 for men, 1.53 for women), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.33 for men, 1.93 for women) had a significantly increased risk of occupational injury in the multivariate model. High variance in workload (OR = 1.70) and high job future ambiguity (OR = 1.35) in men, and low job control (OR = 2.04) and high intragroup conflict (OR = 1.66) in women were significantly associated with occupational injury. In manufacturing/production workers, high quantitative workload (OR = 1.91), high variance in workload (OR = 2.02), and high depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55) were significantly associated with injury in men, while low social support from colleagues (OR = 2.36) or family (OR = 2.51) was related to injury in women. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to an independent relationship between psychosocial job stress and self-reported occupational injury in SMEs.     

Correlates of occupational injuries for various jobs in railway workers: a case-control study

Few studies have simultaneously addressed the role of occupational factors, individual characteristics and living conditions in occupational injuries, and to the best of our knowledge none on railway workers. This survey assessed the roles of these factors in various types of injuries and for various jobs in French railway workers. This case-control study was conducted on 1,305 male workers with an occupational injury during a one-year period and 1,305 male controls. A standardized questionnaire was administrated by an occupational physician. Data were analyzed by the logistic regression method. The significant factors found for all the injuries combined were: young age (<30 yr) (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.01-2.14), 5 yr or less in present job (1.43, 1.15-1.78), sleep disorders (1.30, 1.08-1.57), current smoker (1.27, 1.08-1.50), and no do-it-yourself or gardening activity (1.23, 1.02-1.48). Young age, sleep disorders, and smoking were common for several types of injuries. The role of these factors differed between various job categories. Among injured workers sick leaves of eight days or over were more frequent in current smokers and overweight subjects. In conclusion, young age, lack of experience, job dissatisfaction, sleep disorders, smoking, and lack of physical activity increase the risk of occupational injuries. The risks induced were related with jobs. Preventive measures concerning work conditions and these factors could be conducted in railway workers generally, and especially in workers most at risk. The occupational physician could make workers more sensitive to these risks and help them to improve their living conditions during medical examinations.     

Underreporting of non-fatal work-related injuries in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The implementation of work-related injury prevention policies has been hindered by underreporting of incidents among formal workers, and substantial underreporting among informal workforce. This study aimed at estimating the underreporting of work-related injury in a median-sized city. METHODS: A random survey was carried out among residences in the urban area of Brazil. Residents were interviewed about the occurrence of work-related injury to people aged more than nine years in the last 90 days. All incidents reported were double checked in the National Social Security Institute (INSS) records. RESULTS: There were 9,626 residences visited. It was estimated 79.5% (CI 95%: 78.8%-80.3%) of underreporting of work-related injury. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related injury reporting is poor in the study location and this may be occurring in other cities. Data suggest the need to build up information systems on Brazilian workers' health. It should incorporate methods, materials and human recourses necessary to recognize, store, analyze, and spread information to support injury prevention policies and promote workers' health programs.     

Surveillance of fatal and non-fatal farm injuries in Kentucky

This report describes one approach to establish a surveillance method of farm injuries. The surveillance system is designed to be used to evaluate ongoing prevention activities related to education, training, and equipment design. To define the subset of information to be included in a surveillance system, existing data were analyzed. The mortality data were death certificates and the morbidity data were from the Farm Accident Survey conducted in 1978, (National Safety Council forms and sampling design). Limitations of the data currently available are discussed; information needs for an agricultural injury surveillance system are presented.     

Relationships between certain individual characteristics and occupational injuries for various jobs in the construction industry: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: There is little published about the role of individual characteristics in occupational injuries. Construction workers have a high rate of injury; we assessed 11 personal characteristics in this professional sector. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 880 male workers who had had at least one occupational injury during a 2-year period and 880 controls. A questionnaire was administered by an occupational physician. Statistical analysis was made via logistic regression method. RESULTS: Young age (<30 years), sleep disorders and current smoker influenced all the injuries combined. Sleep disorders and young age were common risk factors for several jobs. Physical disabilities and no sporting activity had a role in masons, and 5 years or less in present job in plumbers and electricians only. Sleep disorders influenced both the injuries with and without hospitalization; young age, current smoker, and physical disability influenced those without hospitalization only. CONCLUSIONS: Young age, sleep disorders, smoking, disabilities, sporting activity, and experience influenced the occupational injuries. The risk for each worker depended on his job. Occupational physicians could inform the workers of these risks and encourage them to take remedial action.     

Quality of life lost due to non-fatal road traffic injuries

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of a non-fatal road crash on the health-related quality of life of injured people. A new approach based on the cardinalization of categorical Self-Assessed Health valuations is suggested. Health losses have been estimated by using different Time Trade-off and Visual Analogue Scale tariffs, in order to assess the robustness of the results. The methodology is based on the existing literature about treatment effects. Our main contribution focuses on evaluating the loss of health up to 1 year after the non-fatal accident, for those who are non-institutionalized, which aids the appropriate estimation of the aggregated health losses in quality-of-life terms.     

Risk of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury in foreign workers in Spain

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In the past decade, Spain has experienced dramatic growth of its immigrant population. Available information on the occupational conditions of foreign workers is scarce. This study aims to add to this information by describing occupational injuries in foreign workers in Spain. Design, setting, PARTICIPANTS: Data were analysed from the 2003 Ministry of Labour and Social Issues registry of non-fatal and fatal occupational injury in insured workers. The population at risk was estimated from the Social Security Affiliation Registry as of 31 December 2003. Comparing Spanish with foreign workers and also considering age and sex, incidence rates and relative risks, and their confidence intervals at 95%, were calculated within each population group. MAIN RESULTS: In women and in men, and in every age group, foreign workers had an increased risk of non-fatal and fatal occupational injury compared with Spanish workers. The differences were especially notable in foreign women workers and in older workers. CONCLUSIONS: Many factors probably combine to cause the differences found in this study. Better data collection on the situation of foreign workers is needed to understand these facts and apply appropriate public health solutions.     

护理职业性应激及其预防与控制

护理人员是一个特殊的职业群体,所从事的工作是极具紧张倾向的职业之一,该文试从长期超负荷工作、特殊工作环境压力、物理化学因素、感染致病性微生物、人际关系紧张、职业前途暗淡、不良的人体工效学、社会因素、个体因素等九个方面进行护理职业性应激应激源进行分析与探讨,指出应激源是护理职业性应激效应的原因.探索护理职业性应激预防控制措施,保护护士身心健康,需要医院经营者、护士、社会三者互动,缺一不可.     

Fall-related occupational injuries on farms

We assessed risk factors for fall-related farm injuries in a population-based, case-control study. Cases had to reside in a defined geographic region served by a single medical center. Multiple sources reported cases, and a special farm census enabled random selection of controls. The annual risk of farm fall injury was 7.5 (95% CI: 5.7, 10.0) per 1,000 person-years. The crude incidence rate was higher in men, while the rate based on hours of farmwork was higher in women. In a multivariate analysis of risk factors, three factors were significantly associated with the risk. The risk of fall injury increased 2% (95% CI: 1%, 4%) per hour worked. Residents of farms with some farm workers not living on the farm had a fall injury rate 2.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 6.2) times greater than residents of other farms. Residents of farms with registered cows had one-third (95% CI: 0.14, 0.93) the risk of residents of other farms. To identify environmental hazards for fall injuries, researchers from several disciplines may need to collaborate in the design and conduct of studies that include injury site investigations. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.