肺部疾病引发全身炎症反应综合征的老年患者死亡因素分析

目的分析肺部疾病引发全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）的老年患者病情死亡因素。方法选择2009年9月至2010年12月入住浙江大学医学院附属第一医院中心重症监护病房因肺部疾病引发SIRS的老年患者50例,根据预后情况分为存活组（18例）和死亡组（32例）。检测所有入院患者24h内的血清胆碱酯酶（ChE）、白蛋白（ALB）、D-二聚体、乳酸及C反应蛋白（CRP）水平,并进行急性病生理学和长期健康评价（APACHE）Ⅱ评分。结果存活组和死亡组之间比较,肺部疾病引发SIRS患者的血乳酸、ALB及APACHEⅡ评分差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）,而年龄、血浆D-二聚体、CRP及ChE方面,差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。Logistic回归结果表明,影响肺部疾病引起SIRS的老年患者预后的独立危险因素仅有ChE一项（β=-0.016,P=0.040）。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析显示,以ChE预测SIRS的老年患者预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.839,S.E.=0.057,P=0.000;当ChE=98.5U/L时,敏感度为88.9;1-特异度为0.25,以此切点对患者的预后具有较好的预测价值。结论 ChE可能参与了老年SIRS的发生和发展过程,对这类患者的病情发展转归有一定的预测作用,指标稳定,受干扰因素少。     

血清胱抑素C、B型利钠肽及D-二聚体在急性心肌梗死中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、B型利钠肽（BNP）及D-二聚体在急性心肌梗死（AMI）中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法：以2018年8月-2021年9月福建省南靖县医院符合研究要求的82例AMI患者为研究对象,根据治疗后6个月内预后情况分为预后不良组27例与预后良好组55例,比较两组入院后血清Cys-C、BNP及D-二聚体表达水平。结果：预后不良组AMI患者心功能分级（Ⅲ+Ⅳ级）、冠脉病变数量（≥2支）、糖尿病及高血压的比例均明显高于预后良好组,血清Cys-C、BNP及D-二聚体均明显高于预后良好组,分别是（1.91±0.24 vs 1.28±0.13）mg/L、（749.61±115.32 vs 287.12±56.48）pg/ml、（1.84±0.17 vs 1.06±0.11）mg/L,P均<0.05;心功能分级（Ⅲ+Ⅳ级）、冠脉病变≥2支、Cys-C、BNP及D-二聚体均为AMI患者预后的独立危险因素,P均<0.05。结论：血清Cys-C、BNP及D-二聚体在预后不良AMI患者中表达水平较高,是AMI预后的独立危险因素,应予以重视并积极干预。     

血浆D-二聚体水平与社区获得性肺炎的关系

目的探讨血浆D-二聚体水平和社区获得性肺炎临床特征的关系。方法将社区获得性肺炎患者按照肺炎严重度指数(PSI)评分为五组。测定患者血浆D-二聚体浓度。本研究统计方法为Mann-Whitney U检验、单因素方差分析、t检验。结果 60例患者和24名健康对照组,年龄分别为(63.7±11.0)岁、(52.6±7.8)岁。两组之间血浆D-二聚体水平有统计学差异(P<0.001),包括:对照组和Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级;Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ、V级;Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级。低危(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)、中危(Ⅳ级)、高危(Ⅴ级)患者以及对照组血浆D-二聚体水平分别为(337.0±195.1)ng/ml、(629.0±131.3)ng/ml、(1 131.7±380.5)ng/ml和(121.3±38.4)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论社区获得性肺炎患者血浆D-二聚体水平升高。血浆D-二聚体水平和社区获得性肺炎的严重程度、胸部影像学范围有关。     

FDP和D-二聚体联合检测在老年患者肺部感染早期诊断中的应用

目的探讨FDP和D-二聚体联合检测在老年患者肺部感染早期诊断中的应用价值。方法对我院呼吸科2016年1月-2017年1月的242名老年住院患者(平均年龄70±12岁),在明确诊断肺部感染之前所检测的FDP和D-二聚体结果进行分析,并与同期健康体检的200名老年人(平均年龄69±12岁)所检测的FDP和D-二聚体结果进行比较。结果 242名呼吸科住院老年患者的FDP和D-二聚体的检测结果分别为:FDP:15±5.0mg/L,D-二聚体:5.0±3.0mg/L;同期健康体检老年人的FDP和D-二聚体的检测结果分别为:FDP:4.0±2.0mg/L,D-二聚体:0.8±0.3mg/L,两组比较结果具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FDP和D-二聚体联合检测对老年患者肺部感染早期诊断具有一定应用价值,对于具有呼吸系统相应症状的老年患者,若FDP和D-二聚体联合检测结果偏高,应警惕肺部感染的可能性,进一步检查,以免漏诊。     

D-二聚体对社区获得性肺炎病情及长期预后的判断

目的 探讨D-二聚体水平对社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者病情及长期预后的判断价值.方法 2009年6月至2010年12月,复旦大学附属市五医院收治的189例符合诊断标准的CAP患者纳入研究,入院后即进行D-二聚体、降钙素原(PCT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)等指标的检测,进行肺炎严重度指数(PSI)评分,按照D-二聚体水平分为D-二聚体水平升高组(≥500 μg/L,114例)和D-二聚体水平正常组(＜ 500 μg/L,75例).出院后进行为期一年的随访,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较两组患者一年病死率;采用多因素Logistic回归分析D-二聚体水平对CAP患者长期预后的预测价值.结果 PSI评分Ⅰ～Ⅲ级患者的D-二聚体质量浓度为378.37 μg/L(216.74,649.50) μg/L,Ⅳ级的为673.41 μg/L (544.77,866.85) μg/L,Ⅴ级的为831.58μg/L(591.78,1066.39) μg/L,三者差异有统计学意义(x2=56.58,P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier分析表明,D-二聚体水平升高组患者一年病死率高于D-二聚体水平正常组(log-rank法,x2=52.51,P＜0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,D-二聚体水平升高是预测CAP患者长期死亡的独立指标(OR =2.05,95％CI:1.48 ～2.61,P＜0.01).结论 D-二聚体水平可作为衡量CAP患者病情严重度及长期预后的独立指标.     

不同生化指标在脑梗死患者中的表达及对神经功能损伤程度和预后的评估价值

目的探讨D-二聚体、脂蛋白-α(LP-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)在脑梗死(CI)患者中的表达及其价值。方法选择2019年5—12月徐州医科大学附属第三医院收治的100例CI患者作为CI组;另选同期健康体检者100例作为健康对照组。采用胶乳免疫比浊法测定两组血清D-二聚体,采用免疫比浊法测定LP-α,采用干式免疫散射色谱法测定CRP,采用循环酶法测定Hcy水平。再根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将CI组患者分为轻度损伤组(NIHSS评分≤7分)和重度损伤组(NIHSS评分7分),比较不同亚组患者D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy水平的差异;对CI组患者随访2个月,根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分)和预后不良组(mRS评分≥3分),比较不同预后两组患者D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy水平的差异。分析D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy与NIHSS、mRS评分的相关性。结果 CI组D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy水平均明显高于健康对照组〔D-二聚体(mg/L):2.64±0.69比0.76±0.18,LP-α(mg/L):306.15±34.29比122.38±13.84,CRP(mg/L):22.15±6.19比5.04±0.73,Hcy(μmol/L):18.65±3.61比6.07±1.82〕。CI重度损伤组D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy水平均明显高于轻度损伤组〔D-二聚体(mg/L):3.49±0.72比2.01±0.56,LP-α(mg/L):417.54±53.51比201.46±27.08,CRP(mg/L):27.48±6.85比16.92±3.71,Hcy(μmol/L):23.15±4.05比15.85±3.29〕。预后不良组D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy水平均明显高于预后良好组〔D-二聚体(mg/L):4.18±0.75比1.68±0.31,LP-α(mg/L):476.49±60.51比163.72±23.19,CRP(mg/L):32.57±6.91比11.43±2.64,Hcy(μmol/L):24.96±4.15比13.04±3.17〕,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);Pearson相关性分析显示,D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy与NIHSS、mRS评分均呈正相关(NIHSS评分:r值为0.635、0.708、0.431、0.454,P值为0.013、0.007、0.029、0.021;mRS评分:r值为0.865、1.054、0.713、0.672,P值为0.000、0.000、0.005、0.009)。结论 D-二聚体、LP-α、CRP、Hcy在CI患者中呈高水平表达,可为CI诊断提供指导,并对神经功能损伤程度及预后有较高评估价值。     

血清肿瘤坏死因子-α/白细胞介素-10比值联合C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值在重症肺部感染病情评估中的应用

目的 探讨血清肿瘤坏死因子-α/白细胞介素-10(TNF-α/IL-10)比值联合C反应蛋白/白蛋白（CRP/ALB）比值在重症肺部感染病情评估中的价值,为临床提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年6月遵义医科大学第五附属（珠海）医院收治的68例肺部感染患者的临床资料,根据肺炎严重指数（PSI）评分将患者分为重症组（14例,PSI评分>130分）、中症组（29例,PSI评分91～130分）和轻症组（25例,PSI评分<91分）,另选取同期于遵义医科大学第五附属（珠海）医院体检的20名健康体检者作为对照组。比较4组研究对象血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白蛋白（ALB）水平及TNF-α/IL-10比值、CRP/ALB比值,分析TNF-α/IL-10比值、CRP/ALB比值与PSI评分的相关性;分析TNF-α/IL-10比值、CRP/ALB比值诊断重症肺部感染的临床价值。结果 重症组患者TNF-α、IL-10、CRP水平及TNF-α/IL-10比值、CRP/ALB比值均高于中症组、轻症组及对照组,中症组均高...     

抗炎和强心利尿对老年肺炎及肺癌伴胸腔积液患者的疗效观察

目的观察胸腔积液患者抗炎和强心利尿治疗的效果及治疗前后血浆B型钠尿肽（BNP）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）浓度的变化。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,将2012年7月至2013年1月本院急诊住院治疗的57例胸腔积液患者按病因分为两组：老年肺炎胸腔积液患者（肺炎组）30例和肺癌胸腔积液患者（肺癌组）27例。两组患者抗感染与强心、利尿和限制液体出入量的治疗原则相同。所有患者分别于治疗前和治疗后7 d进行胸部CT扫描,同时检测患者的血浆BNP、CRP及PCT浓度。结果①治疗前肺炎组以美国纽约心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅲ级患者居多,而肺癌组以NYHAⅠ级较多见;且肺炎组充血性心力衰竭（CHF）发病率明显高于肺癌组（86.7%比14.8%,P＜0.01）。治疗前肺炎组血浆BNP明显高于肺癌组（ng/L：582.67±126.53比146.27±43.77,P＜0.01）;与治疗前比较,肺炎组治疗后血浆BNP（ng/L：225.59±131.33）明显降低（P＜0.05）,而肺癌组无明显变化（ng/L：149.34±51.05）。肺炎组胸腔积液疗效明显优于肺癌组〔治愈：70.0%（21例）比0（0）,P＜0.01〕。②治疗前肺炎组血浆CRP、PCT明显低于肺癌组（均P＜0.05）;治疗后两组患者CRP、PCT均下降到或接近正常生理范围,组间比较差异无统计学意义〔CRP（mg/L）：20.21±16.32比22.76±18.53,PCT（ng/L）：0.46±0.13比0.55±0.17,均P＞0.05〕。肺炎组肺炎疗效明显优于肺癌组〔基本治愈：86.7%（26例）比0（0）,P＜0.05〕。肺炎组治疗后CRP、PCT下降与肺部炎症阴影的消散相一致;肺癌组治疗后CRP、PCT下降与肺部影像学显示阴影的消散程度不一致,显然与癌瘤浸润性占位有关。结论血浆BNP和CRP、PCT浓度的变化对于胸腔积液者心功能不全的筛查和强心、抗炎治疗效果的评估有重要的临床意义。     

B型钠尿肽预测社区获得性肺炎严重程度的意义

目的 通过对社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)患者BNP(B型钠尿肽)与肺炎严重程度之间相关性的研究,评估BNP预测CAP严重程度的意义.方法 2011年12月至2012年12月就诊我科并确诊CAP患者202例,测定BNP、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC),以及肺炎严重度评分(PSI)所需相关指标,计算PSI评分并分级.分析不同肺炎严重程度分级之间BNP水平、C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数的差异,以及BNP与PSI的相关性.进一步根据PSI水平分为高风险组(PSI分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级)和低风险组(PSI分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级);根据患者预后分为存活组和死亡组.比较两组间BNP差异、BNP水平与肺炎严重程度的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线.结果 BNP水平随着CAP严重程度增加而升高(r =0.782,P＜0.001);高风险组患者BNP水平显著高于低风险阻[(263.2±119.6)pg/mLvs.(71.5±54.3) pg/mL,P＜0.001].相比存活组,死亡组BNP水平更高[(343.86±125.49)vs.(183.00±121.71) pg/mL,P＜0.001].BNP与PSI评分、CRP以及WBC呈正相关(r=0.782,P＜0.001,r=0.560,P＜0.001和r=0.513,P＜0.001).BNP对于CAP严重程度的预测有较高的准确性(AUC =0.952),区分高、低风险的BNP最佳截点为125.0 pg/mL,敏感性0.891,特异性0.946.BNP能预测死亡(AUC =0.823),其预测死亡最佳截点为299.0 pg/mL,敏感性0.675,特异性0.816,阴性预测值0.926,阳性预测值0.426.结论 BNP与CAP严重程度呈正相关关系,BNP大于125.0 pg/mL的CAP患者建议住院治疗,BNP大于299.0 pg/mL的CAP患者具有死亡高风险.BNP预测CAP严重程度具有一定实用性.     

血清胆碱酯酶对老年全身炎症反应综合征患者预后的预测作用

目的 研究分析血清肌碱酯酶对老年全身炎症反应综合征患者病情发展转归的预测作用.方法 将124例入住浙江大学医学院附属第二医院中心监护室(ICU)的老年SIRS患者根据预后情况分为存活组和死亡组.检测所有入院患者24 h内的血清胆碱酯酶、白蛋白、D-二聚体、乳酸、C反应蛋白(CRP),并进行APACHEⅡ和GCS评分.结果 生存组和死亡组之间比较,在年龄、性别、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血乳酸、血D-二聚体、白蛋白、CRP、ChE在两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P值=0.011,0.011,0.007,0.008,0.000.).预后多因素回归分析结果显示性别、年龄、白蛋白、CRP、GCS评分、APACHEⅡ评分、乳酸、D-二聚体不是决定患者预后的独立危险因素(P值分别为0.401,0.165,0.446,0.841,0.615,0.120,0.502,0.184),但ChE有显著性相关(P=0.000).ROC曲线图分析显示血清ChE对老年SIRS患者预后的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.797,SE=0.04,P=0.000;ChE=103.00U/L时,敏感度为:0.793;1-特异度为0.258,可作为诊断的切点.Kendall相关分析ChE与APACHEⅡ评分、CRP、白蛋白相关性非常弱,相关系数分别为0.061,0.231,-0.090,P值分别为0.161,0.000,0.069.结论 ChE可能参与了老年SIRS的发生和发展过程,对这类患者的病情发展转归有一定的预测作用,且指标稳定,受干扰因素少.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.