丹皮酚超声提取工艺研究

目的:优选丹皮酚的最佳提取工艺.方法:采用正交实验方法,以丹皮酚的提取量为指标,考察温度、时间、溶剂量对提取 量的影响.结果:丹皮酚的最佳提取工艺为超声温度40℃,超声时间30min,溶剂量300mL.结论:超声波提取对丹皮酚的提取率影响不明显.     

正交实验优选赤芍提取工艺研究

目的:优选乙醇提取赤芍工艺.方法:采用正交实验方法,以芍药苷为指标成分,以乙醇浓度、溶剂量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,各设置3个水平,对赤芍乙醇提取工艺进行优化.结果:芍药苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:700 ml/L乙醇,8倍量水,提取3次,每次1.5 h.结论:不同条件对赤芍提取物中芍药苷含量有影响.     

复方景归片提取纯化工艺研究

目的:应用正交试验法研究复方景归片的提取纯化工艺参数,摸索复方景归片提取的最佳提取纯化工艺条件.方法:采用L9(34)正交表安排试验,每次试验,按处方量配比量的1/7,称取需要提取的药材(总计110g),作为投料量.结果:以60％乙醇为复方景归片的提取溶剂,以10、8、6倍量溶剂提取3次,提取时间1小时的提取纯化工艺条件最佳.结论:以本文所述方法作为复方景归片提取纯化工艺条件效果较佳.     

黄芩总黄酮提取工艺的优化

目的对黄芩中总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。方法采用不同浓度溶剂、溶剂量、提取时间三个主要因素进行单因素考察,然后采用正交试验,以总黄酮得率为指标,优化提取工艺。结果实验结果表明优化工艺为:50%乙醇,料液比为1∶10,提取时间18小时。结论优化所选工艺条件较好。     

芫花叶中总提物和羟基芫花素的提取工艺

目的：考察芫花叶中总提物和羟基芫花素的提取工艺.方法：通过正交试验以总提物和羟基芫花素作为指标考察4个因素（溶剂类型,提取时间,溶剂用量,提取次数）、3个水平对提取效果的影响.结果：总提物的最佳工艺为用蒸馏水、煎煮90 min、8倍量、提取1次;羟基芫花素的最佳工艺为用蒸馏水、煎煮60 min、10倍量、提取2次.结论：溶剂的类型对总提物提取率影响最大,而提取时间对羟基芫花素提取率影响最大,本研究确定的羟基芫花素的提取工艺合理、可行.     

丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的工艺研究

目的:探讨丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。方法:以杠板归为研究对象,以水为溶剂提取杠板归多糖,提取液用丙酮进行沉淀,选取离心时间、沉淀时间和沉淀剂用量3个因素做单因素进行正交实验,探索最佳提取条件。结果:丙酮加入量75ml、沉淀时间18h和离心时间18min是丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。结论:确定了丙酮沉淀法提取杠板归多糖的最佳工艺条件。     

星点设计-效应面法优化金银花中绿原酸与总黄酮的提取工艺

目的:优选金银花中绿原酸和总黄酮的提取工艺。方法:采用单因素实验考察提取方法,乙醇浓度,溶剂用量,提取时间,提取次数等对金银花中绿原酸与黄酮的提取影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以绿原酸和黄酮含量的总评"归一值"为评价指标,采用星点设计响应面法对乙醇浓度、溶剂用量和提取时间进行了优化。结果:采用回流提取,乙醇浓度为67%,溶剂量27 m L/g,提取时间为37 min,提取次数为2次。以此工艺条件提取金银花中绿原酸的得率为5.55%,黄酮的得率为11.41%。结论:采用星点设计-响应面法优选的提取工艺条件稳定可行,预测性好。     

正交试验法优选陕产吴茱萸总生物碱的提取工艺

目的优选陕产吴茱萸总生物碱提取条件。方法首先做单因素实验,选择提取溶剂和提取次数,然后设计Lq（3^4）正交实验,以溶剂浓度、溶剂倍数、提取温度、提取时间为影响因素考察提取条件。结朵最佳提取条件为80％的乙醇15倍量、70℃水浴回流提取3次、每次1h。结论该工艺合理可行。     

黄芪及泽泻混合提取黄芪皂苷工艺的优化

[目的 ]优化黄芪及泽泻混合提取黄芪皂苷的工艺条件 .[方法 ]用比色法测定黄芪皂苷含量 ,采用正交设计法进行优化选择 .[结果 ]提取时间、乙醇用量和乙醇浓度均对提取结果有显著性影响 .[结论 ]混合提取黄芪皂苷的最佳工艺条件为 ,用 80 0mL/L乙醇提取 2次 ,溶剂用量分别为药材量的10 ,8倍 ,提取时间分别为 90 ,6 0min .     

胡黄连浸渍法提取最佳工艺条件的筛选

目的 探讨浸渍法提取胡黄连的最佳工艺条件.方法 采用浸渍法提取胡黄连,用不同浓度乙醇进行试验,确定提取溶剂;以提取的粒度、料液比、时间、温度为主要影响因素,胡黄连浸膏量为评价指标,采用单因素实验及正交实验对提取工艺进行优化设计,确定浸渍法提取胡黄连的最佳工艺条件.结果 浸渍法提取胡黄连浸膏的最佳乙醇浓度为80%;对胡黄连浸膏量的影响程度依次为粒度>料液比>温度>时间,其中粒度、料液比、温度对浸膏量的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05);提取条件为粒度20目、料液比1 ∶25、时间75 min、温度80℃时,浸膏量最高.结论 浸渍法提取胡黄连,方法简单合理,其最佳工艺条件为粒度20目、料液比1 ∶25、时间75 min、温度80℃.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.