侧脑室肿瘤的CT和MR诊断

目的：分析侧脑室肿瘤ＣＴ和ＭＲ表现，探讨其鉴别诊断。方法：４９例侧脑室肿瘤，４２例经手术病理证实，另７例转移瘤原发灶明确。按部位分为侧脑室三角区、前角、体部和室间孔区，按年龄分为＜１０岁、１１～２９岁、＞３０岁３个年龄组。结果：（１）部位对侧脑室肿瘤的鉴别很有帮助。三角区最常见的肿瘤有脑膜瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤、海绵状血管瘤和转移瘤。室间孔区最常见的肿瘤有室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤和中枢神经细胞瘤。（２）发病年龄在三角区和室间孔区肿瘤鉴别时很有价值：三角区脉络丛乳头状瘤好发于儿童，脑膜瘤好发于中年人，转移瘤常见于老年人。室间孔区室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤主要见于儿童，而中枢神经细胞瘤主要见于中年人。（３）强化程度对侧脑室体部肿瘤鉴别有重要参考价值：室管膜瘤和脉络丛乳头状瘤强化最显著，星形细胞瘤和少枝胶质瘤呈中度强化，畸胎瘤强化轻或不强化。（４）部分侧脑室肿瘤有较特征性ＣＴ和ＭＲ表现。结论：肿瘤部位、发病年龄、强化程度和部分肿瘤特征性ＣＴ和ＭＲ表现是侧脑室肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要方面。     

脑室内胶质瘤的MRI诊断

目的 分析脑室内胶质瘤的MRI特点,提高诊断准确性.资料与方法 经手术病理证实的脑室内胶质瘤29例,其中20例位于侧脑室,2例位于三脑室,7例位于四脑室.29例均行MR平扫及增强扫描.结果 (1)大多数脑室内胶质瘤如室管膜瘤、星形细胞瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤等具有特征性的MRI表现;(2)部分肿瘤具有其好发部位,如脉络丛乳头状瘤好发于侧脑室三角区,室管膜瘤好发于侧脑室体部,髓母细胞瘤好发于四脑室区;(3)某些肿瘤具有年龄和性别特征,如星形细胞瘤患者年龄均＜30岁,脉络丛乳头状瘤患者年龄均＞50岁,室管膜瘤女性占66.67%.结论 脑室内胶质瘤有比较特征性的MRI表现,结合患者临床和发病年龄、性别、部位等特点,可进一步提高其术前诊断准确性.     

颅内多发原发性肿瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的：报道１５例颅内多发原发性肿瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现，并评价ＣＴ与ＭＲＩ的诊断价值。方法：１５例颅内多发原发性肿瘤均行ＣＴ检查，其中４例行ＭＲＩ检查，均经手术病理证实。结果：多发胶质瘤４例，其中恶性室宫膜瘤３例，表现为脑室内及额顶叶脑实质内实质性肿块或囊性病变，多发星形细胞瘤１例，病变分别位于额叶及小脑蚓部；双侧听神经瘤及多发脑膜瘤各３例、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现均较典型；脑膜瘤合并胶质瘤３例、脑膜瘤合并听神经瘤１例和垂体瘤合并胶质瘤１例。结论：结合肿瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现特点，可对大多数颅内多发原发性肿瘤作出正确诊断，ＭＲＩ对脑膜瘤的诊断优于ＣＴ。     

MRI对侧脑室肿瘤的鉴别诊断

目的 提高MRI对侧脑室不同肿瘤的鉴别诊断水平.方法 搜集侧脑室不同肿瘤22例,其中脑膜瘤6例,星形细胞瘤3例,室管膜瘤2例,中枢神经细胞瘤2例,脉络丛乳头状瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤、生殖细胞瘤及肠源性囊肿各1例,转移瘤4例,回顾性分析其MRI表现及其临床特点.结果 本组中所有脑膜瘤及脉络丛乳头状瘤均发生于侧脑室三角部,全部中枢神经细胞瘤(2例)、室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤(1例)均发生于室间孔区及侧脑室前部;6例脑膜瘤及4例转移瘤均发生于30岁以上,1例脉络丛乳头状瘤7岁,2例中枢神经细胞瘤年龄分别为23岁、24岁.6例脑膜瘤增强后呈明显均匀强化,2例中枢神经细胞瘤内可见多发囊变区,其中1例可见多发流空血管影,1例少突胶质细胞瘤内可见多发钙化灶,1例(1/3)星形细胞瘤可见瘤内出血.结论 侧脑室肿瘤的MRI表现特点为其鉴别诊断的重要依据,肿瘤部位、发病年龄特征对于鉴别诊断也有一定参考价值.     

侧脑室肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的:分析侧脑室肿瘤的MRI特征,提高对侧脑室肿瘤的诊断水平.方法:48例侧脑室肿瘤患者,其中41例经手术病理证实包括脑膜瘤13例,室管膜瘤10例,星形胶质细胞瘤4例,少突胶质细胞瘤、室管膜下瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤和胶样囊肿各2例,室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤和神经母细胞瘤各1例;7例转移瘤原发肿瘤明确.回顾性分析其MRI表现,按病变部位分为侧脑室三角部,体部,前角及室间孔区.按年龄分为＜10岁,10～30岁和＞30岁三个年龄组.结果:本组中11例(11/13)脑膜瘤增强表现为明显均匀强化,8例(8/10)室管膜瘤可见多发囊变区,2例(2/4)星形胶质细胞瘤可见瘤内出血;11例(11/13)脑膜瘤发生于侧脑室三角部,5例室管膜瘤及4例星形胶质细胞瘤发生于侧脑室体部,所有室管膜下瘤(2例)、室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤(1例)和胶样囊肿(2例)均发生于侧脑室前角及室间孔区;10例(10/13)脑膜瘤发生于30岁以上,3例(3/4)星形胶质细胞瘤发于10～30岁,7例转移瘤全部发生于30岁以上.结论:侧脑室肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断主要依据其MRI表现,结合肿瘤的部位和年龄特征可提高诊断准确性.     

CT 表现类似脑梗塞的胶质瘤的探讨

ＣＴ表现类似脑梗塞的胶质瘤的探讨梁长虹胡景钤关月欢赵廉忠胶质瘤是一类起源于神经上皮组织的肿瘤，它包括星形胶质瘤，少枝胶质瘤及室管膜瘤，占颅内肿瘤的４０％［１］。典型胶质瘤的ＣＴ表现已为人们所熟悉，但有些不典型肿瘤的ＣＴ诊断仍较困难。本文探讨ＣＴ表现类...     

脉络丛乳头状瘤的MR,CT诊断

目的：分析脉络丛乳头状瘤的ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ表现。材料与方法：搜集经手术病理证实的脉络丛乳头状瘤２０例。全部病例均行ＭＲ或ＣＴ扫描。结果：脉络丛乳头状瘤在影像学检查中最大特点是肿瘤的位置和形态，肿瘤多位于扩大的脑室内，边缘凹凸不平，呈颗粒状。脉络丛乳头状瘤在ＭＲＴ１ＷＩ为等或稍高信号，Ｔ２ＷＩ为高信号。ＣＴ扫描为等或稍高密度影。ＭＲ和ＣＴ增强扫描可见均匀明显强化。结论：ＭＲ和ＣＴ检查对术前诊断脉络丛乳头状瘤很有帮助，并可清楚地显示肿瘤及其与周围组织的关系。ＭＲ扫描对脉络丛乳头状瘤的显示远远优于ＣＴ。     

侧脑室肿瘤的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨侧脑室肿瘤的MRI表现特点. 资料与方法 回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的侧脑室肿瘤的MRI表现. 结果 25例侧脑室肿瘤中,星形细胞瘤9例,其中3例(3/9)位于侧脑室三角区,3例(3/9)位于侧脑室体部;脑膜瘤6例,其中4例(4/6)位于侧脑室三角区,6例增强扫描均呈明显均匀强化;室管膜下瘤3例,2例位于侧脑室前角和室间孔区,增强扫描不强化或轻度强化;中枢神经细胞瘤2例, 1例位于侧脑室前角,1例位于侧脑室体部;脉络丛乳头状瘤2例;室管膜瘤2例;转移瘤1例. 结论 侧脑室肿瘤MRI表现有一定特点.     

室管膜下室管膜瘤的影像学诊断(附三例分析)

目的 探讨室管膜下室管膜瘤的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ特征。方法 经手术病理证实的室管膜下室管膜瘤３例,回顾分析其ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ表现。结果 室管膜下室管膜瘤的特征表现为：（１）幕上肿瘤位于侧脑室内孟氏孔附近,ＣＴ平扫呈等密度或低密度,很少显示钙化及坏死;（２）ＭＲＴ１ＷＩ示肿瘤呈等、低信号,其内可见多数微囊状更低信号区,肿瘤飘浮于侧脑室中;Ｔ２ＷＩ示肿瘤呈均匀高信号;（３）ＣＴ、ＭＲ增强扫描,病灶未见强化征象。结     

后颅窝肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴别（附153例分析）

报道经手术及病理证实的后颅窝肿瘤１５３例，听神经瘤４９例（３２％），为第一位，其次为髓母细胞瘤２６例（１７％），血管母细胞瘤２０例（１３％），星形细胞瘤１９例（１２．４％），室管膜瘤１４例（９％），脑膜瘤及转移瘤均为７例（４％），胆脂瘤６例（４％），脉络丛乳头状瘤４例（２．６％），少支胶质瘤１例（０．６％），并对后颅窝肿瘤的ＣＴ特征和定性诊断、鉴别诊断进行了讨论，认为必须结合临床病史、年龄、肿瘤好发部位及相关的影像学资料，方可提高其正确诊断率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.