鼻腔和鼻窦腺样囊性癌的CT诊断

目的评估鼻腔、鼻窦腺样囊性癌的ＣＴ表现及其临床价值。材料与方法有组织学诊断的鼻腔、鼻窦腺样囊性癌１７例。治疗前ＣＴ平扫３例，平扫加增强２例，增强扫描１２例。横断面１８次，冠状面１６次。结果肿瘤起源并局限于鼻腔２例，起源于上颌窦１５例。肿瘤侵犯邻近结构，包括筛窦、蝶窦、鼻腔，对侧上颌窦，眼眶、腭、颞下窝、翼腭窝、咽旁间隙、眶下裂、卵圆孔。７例侵及颅内及海绵窦。Ⅰ期２例，Ⅲ期３例，Ⅳ期１２例。邻近骨骼呈膨胀性改变４例，膨胀性及侵蚀性破坏１２例（７１％）。肿瘤最大径＞５ｃｍ者占７１％，表现为生姜状不规则形者占４１％，瘤内多发斑片状低密度区者占８２％，３例有钙化。结论鼻腔、鼻窦腺样囊性癌多呈生姜状不规则生长，其中有多数低密度区，邻近骨骼常兼有膨胀性及侵蚀性破坏，显示其生长缓慢、沿神经蔓延浸润的特性。除横断面扫描外，增强ＣＴ扫描及冠状面扫描必不可少。     

眶壁转移瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的分析研究眶壁转移瘤的CT和MRI特点,提高诊断准确率.方法回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的眶壁转移瘤的CT和MRI表现,成人组16例,儿童组7例.所有病例均行CT平扫与MR平扫和增强扫描.结果16例成年患者CT表现均为溶骨性骨质破坏和眼眶不规则肿块,9例骨质破坏区邻近的颅内可见扁平不规则肿块;16例MRI表现为骨质破坏区邻近的眼眶和颅内均可见略长T1、略长T2信号的不规则软组织影,增强后呈明显强化.7例儿童患者CT表现均为溶骨性骨质破坏和眼眶不规则肿块,其中2例可见垂直针状高密度影,3例骨质破坏区邻近的颅内可见扁平不规则软组织肿块;MRI显示7例骨质破坏区邻近的眼眶内和6例颅内可见略长T1、略长T2信号不规则的软组织影,其中1例为双侧,增强后呈明显强化;7例双侧眶骨、4例斜坡和双侧岩尖及1例双侧颞骨鳞部骨髓腔呈略长T1、略长T2信号影,增强后呈明显强化.结论眶壁转移瘤的CT和MRI表现有一些特点,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.     

儿童眼眶骨折的临床与CT分析（附40例报告）

笔者分析４０例儿童眼眶骨折。受伤原因以撞伤、摔伤多见，拳击伤少见。主要表现为视力下降甚至失明、复视及眼球运动障碍。ＣＴ检查常规为水平位及冠状位扫描。主要ＣＴ表现为眶壁骨质连续性中断，占７１．４％眶壁移位眶腔扩大占２８．６％；眶壁直接骨折最多达５０．５％，爆裂骨折占３３．３％，复合骨折占１６．７％；各壁骨折发生率依次为内壁、下壁、外壁及上壁；此外骨折局部可伴有软组织增厚及眼外肌改变。初步认为儿童眼眶     

儿童眼眶转移性神经母细胞瘤和绿色瘤的特征性MR表现

目的 分析儿童眼眶转移性神经母细胞瘤和绿色瘤的特征性MR表现。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例儿童眼眶转移性神经母细胞瘤和5例绿色瘤的CT和MRI表现。所有病例均行CT平扫以及MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果 14例CT表现均为眼眶不规则肿块和邻近的眶壁溶骨性骨质破坏,7例骨质破坏区邻近的颅内可见扁平不规则肿块。2例转移性神经母细胞瘤表现为眼眶肌锥外间隙肿块内有与眶外壁垂直的针状高密度影。14例MRI表现为眼眶肌锥外间隙略长T1、略长T2信号不规则软组织影,7例骨质破坏区邻近的颅内硬膜外间隙可见略长T1、略长T2信号扁平不规则肿块,增强后明显强化。14例双侧眶骨及蝶骨大翼,9例斜坡和双侧岩尖及2例双侧颞骨鳞部骨髓腔脂肪高信号影被略长T1、略长T2信号影取代,采用脂肪抑制的增强T1WI显示均有强化,强化程度与眼眶内肿块相似。结论 儿童眼眶转移性神经母细胞瘤和绿色瘤的眶壁和颅面骨MR表现具有特征,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

眼眶爆裂骨折的CT表现(附64例分析)

目的：通过对眼眶爆裂骨折ＣＴ表现的分析,达到对本病早期诊断的目的。方法：作者回顾性分析了６４例（男５０,女１４）眼眶爆裂骨折的ＣＴ征象、好发部位和发病原因。病人的年龄在５～５７岁之间,平均３１．８ 岁。根据眼眶骨折的ＣＴ表现,将其分为三型：（１）单眶壁爆裂骨折;（２）多眶壁爆裂骨折;（３）混合型骨折（眼眶直接骨折合并有爆裂骨折）。结果：眼眶爆裂骨折的直接ＣＴ征象为眶壁骨质的连续性中断、粉碎、凹陷和曲度失常。其中单眶壁骨折３４ 例,多眶壁骨折７例,混合型骨折２３例。爆裂骨折最好发于眼眶内侧壁和眶底,占９４．８％ ,而混合型骨折眶外侧壁和内壁同时受累多见（占６０．８％ ）。结论：ＣＴ诊断眼眶爆裂骨折具有重要临床价值。     

423例眼眶骨折的CT研究

作者分析４２３例眼眶骨折的临床与ＣＴ资料，根据骨折的特点将眼眶骨折分为三类，即爆裂骨折、直接骨折及复合型骨折。爆裂骨折最多见，占５２．７２％骨折发生于眶内，下壁，以单壁骨折较多。直接骨折占３０．０２％，以单壁骨折多见，并以外壁骨折较多。复合型骨折占１７．２６％。各壁均可发生，均为多壁骨折。眼眶骨折的直接征象是眶壁骨质连续性中断、粉碎及移位。副鼻窦内“泪滴”征是诊断眼眶下壁骨折的特异性间接征象，由于     

眶壁骨瘤的CT诊断

作者对手术病理证实的７例眶壁骨瘤的ＣＴ资料进行了回顾性分析。７例术前均经ＣＴ明确诊断，表现为眶内骨样密度肿块与眶壁相连，部分病例肿块侵及邻近副鼻窦。ＣＴ检查可明确眶壁骨瘤的形态、位置、大小及其与邻近组织的关系，对临床治疗有指导作用。     

眼眶外壁骨折的CT分析

目的：探讨眼眶外壁骨折的临床特点并评价ＣＴ检查对其诊断价值。方法：以１５５例眼眶外壁骨折为研究对象,均行眼眶横断及冠状位ＨＲＣＴ检查。结果：眶外壁骨折受伤原因以车祸最多,失明者达５６．７７％,还可表现为眼球运动受限、眼球内陷等。眼眶外壁分为四段,以前三段骨折多见,且多波及颧骨蝶骨缝,造成骨缝分离移位;后段骨折少见,但失明发生率却明显高于其它各段（Ｐ＜０．０１）。单纯眶外壁骨折少见,仅占２１．２９％;外壁骨折伴发邻近骨折占７８．７１％,多伴发其它眶壁骨折。结论：ＨＲＣＴ检查是诊断眶外壁骨折较好的方法,眼部创伤后应及时行ＣＴ检查。     

骶骨神经源性肿瘤的X线平片及CT分析（附6例报告）

目的：通过分析骶骨神经源性神经肿瘤的Ｘ线和ＣＴ表现，提高其诊断水平，材料与方法，６例骶骨神经源性肿瘤，其中神经鞘瘤４例，恶性肿瘤鞘瘤１例，神经纤维瘤１列，对其平片及ＣＴ表现进行分析，结果：平片表现，骶骨神经源性肿瘤多位于上部骶椎，偏侧性生长，骶孔或骶骨内奢望生扩大破坏或变形及多囊状膨胀溶骨性骨质破坏，边缘骨质硬化，ＣＴ表现，膨胀的溶骨破坏区被软组织肿块充填，骨壁变薄，肿块无钙化，肿瘤破坏骨壁或骶孔     

恶性副鼻窦病变的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

作者在20000例CT检查中发现副鼻窦恶性肿瘤15例。多数为上颌窦肿瘤(87％),其中癌10例,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤4例,黑色素瘤1例。CT所见副鼻窦中癌的形态为边缘不规则,窦腔阻塞,多数为均匀软组织密度,及特有的隆起,几乎均破坏骨壁,偶然肿瘤内可证实有骨块,一般广泛浸润邻近部位。多侵犯筛窦及眼眶,额窦及蝶窦较少,最后侵达颅底及颅内。造影后颅内肿瘤影象加重,特别有利于肿瘤的显示。颞下窝及/或蝶颚窝受累知肿瘤主要侵犯背内侧,向腹下侧侵犯时,硬颚、齿槽     

Decompression sickness in Miskito Indian lobster divers: review of 229 cases

BACKGROUND: The Miskito Indian lobster divers of Central America employ very provocative diving profiles and experience severe neurological decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas embolism (AGE). Scientific data are scarce regarding the clinical patterns of injury, response to treatment, and functional outcomes for such cases. METHODS: A retrospective review of 229 cases of DCS and/or AGE was conducted at 2 hyperbaric units in Central America. RESULTS: The following deficits were recorded on presentation: any neurological deficit: 94%; motor: 79%; sensory: 60%; urinary: 48%; reflex: 45%; and loss of consciousness: 20%. The patterns of weakness (n = 182) were as follows: paraparesis: 27%; paraplegia: 26%; lower extremity monoparesis: 14%; lower extremity monoplegia: 6%; quadriparesis: 4%; hemiparesis: 4%; hemiplegia: 3%; and quadriplegia: 2%. Treatment was delayed by a mean and median of 5 and 2 d, respectively. The majority received hyperbaric oxygen and systemic steroids. Motor function on discharge (n = 182) was as follows: normal: 30%; paraparesis: 15%; lower extremity monoparesis: 15%; paraplegia: 3%; quadriparesis: 2%; hemiparesis: 2%; and missing data/other: 33%. Gait on discharge (n = 182) was as follows: normal: 19%; abnormal: 19%; required one crutch: 10%; required two crutches: 16%; not ambulatory: 5%; and missing data: 31%. DISCUSSION: The majority of severe injuries could be localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord. One-fifth had bilateral cerebral dysfunction manifested by loss of consciousness. Despite long delays to treatment, divers responded to hyperbaric oxygen. At the time of discharge, almost a third had complete recovery of strength and the majority were ambulatory.     

Concurrent training and pulmonary function in smokers

This study compared the effects of aerobic, resistance and concurrent aerobic and resistance training on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory endurance in at-risk smokers. 50 sedentary, male smokers with pulmonary function impairments at risk for developing chronic lung diseases were randomly assigned to an aerobic (AerG;n=12), resistance (ResG;n=13), concurrent (ConG;n=13) or non-exercising control (NexG;n=12) group for 16 weeks. AerG subjects performed 45 min of aerobic exercise at 60%HR(max), ResG subjects performed 8 resistance exercises at 60%1-RM for 3 sets, 15 repetitions while ConG subjects performed both aerobic and resistance exercises. ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the groups in their pre-/post-test changes for FEV(1)/FVC ratio (AerG:-4.13%; ResG:-2.13%; ConG:-0.56%); FEF-50 (AerG:-4.59%; ResG:-7.62%; ConG:5.76%), FEF-75 (AerG:-2.36%; ResG:-7.62%; ConG:10.71%) and FEF 25-75 (AerG:-3.53%; ResG:-6.43%; ConG:7.63%). Significant differences were found between the groups in their pre-/post-test changes for FVC (AerG:8.05%; ResG:7.22%; ConG:11.55%), FEV(1) (Aer:9.60%;ResG:5.13%; ConG:12.10%), PEF (AerG: 11.29%; ResG:7.49%; ConG:20.18%), PIF (AerG:24.80%; ResG:19.41%; ConG:28.15%), IVC (AerG: 9.04%; ResG: 6.21%; ConG:16.35%), FEF-25 (AerG:5.88%; ResG:5.37%; ConG:11.88%) and cardiorespiratory fitness (AerG:25.44%; ResG:11.59%; ConG:22.83%). Post-hoc analysis revealed concurrent and aerobic training were equally effective at improving PIF and cardiorespiratory fitness with concurrent training most effective at improving FVC, FEV(1), PEF, IVC and FEF-25. This suggests synergy between aerobic and resistance exercise in preventing or reducing the detrimental effects of smoking while gaining the unique benefits of each mode of exercise.     

CNS toxicity in closed-circuit oxygen diving: symptoms reported from 2527 dives

INTRODUCTION: Oxygen toxicity is a problem in diving and can have fatal consequences in the water. Various aspects of oxygen diving have been studied in dry hyperbaric chambers, but there is a lack of information on in-water diving using closed-circuit oxygen apparatus. METHOD: We collected 2527 dive reports from 473 closed-circuit oxygen divers (a mean of 5.2 reports per diver), and analyzed the relationships between various symptoms and their dependence on depth and diving time. RESULTS: No CNS oxygen toxicity-related symptoms were reported at a depth of 2 m seawater (msw), but their proportion increased at depths from 3 to 6 msw. We found that CNS oxygen toxicity-related symptoms appeared in 2.5% of dives conducted at a Po2 of 119 kPa. The main symptoms and signs reported were headache: 4.5%; nausea: 2.6%; hyperventilation: 2.6%; heavy breathing: 2.4%; dizziness: 1.6%; hiccups: 1.5%; bloody sputum: 1.4%; cold shivering: 1.1%; tinnitus: 0.9%; difficulty maintaining a steady depth: 0.9%; disorientation: 0.6%; tiredness: 0.5%; tingling in the limbs: 0.4%; hearing disturbances: 0.4%; a choking sensation: 0.4%; extreme effort: 0.4%; and loss of consciousness: 0.3%. DISCUSSION: Environmental factors, light vs. dark and temperature, had no effect on symptoms. The number of symptoms increased with diving time. Divers who experienced amnesia, facial twitching, hearing disturbances (p < 0.001), and disorientation (p < 0.014) were prone to suffer loss of consciousness. It was found that some divers are more sensitive to oxygen than others (p < 0.0001).     

Computerized detection of lung nodules in thin-section CT images by use of selective enhancement filters and an automated rule-based classifier

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We have been developing a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for lung nodule detection in order to assist radiologists in the detection of lung cancer in thin-section computed tomography (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our database consisted of 117 thin-section CT scans with 153 nodules, obtained from a lung cancer screening program at a Japanese university (85 scans, 91 nodules) and from clinical work at an American university (32 scans, 62 nodules). The database included nodules of different sizes (4-28 mm, mean 10.2 mm), shapes, and patterns (solid and ground-glass opacity (GGO)). Our CAD scheme consisted of modules for lung segmentation, selective nodule enhancement, initial nodule detection, feature extraction, and classification. The selective nodule enhancement filter was a key technique for significant enhancement of nodules and suppression of normal anatomic structures such as blood vessels, which are the main sources of false positives. Use of an automated rule-based classifier for reduction of false positives was another key technique; it resulted in a minimized overtraining effect and an improved classification performance. We used a case-based four-fold cross-validation testing method for evaluation of the performance levels of our computerized detection scheme. RESULTS: Our CAD scheme achieved an overall sensitivity of 86% (small: 76%, medium-sized: 94%, large: 95%; solid: 86%, mixed GGO: 89%, pure GGO: 81%) with 6.6 false positives per scan; an overall sensitivity of 81% (small: 69%, medium-sized: 91%, large: 91%; solid: 79%, mixed GGO: 88%, pure GGO: 81%) with 3.3 false positives per scan; and an overall sensitivity of 75% (small: 60%, medium-sized: 88%, large: 87%; solid: 70%, mixed GGO: 87%, pure GGO: 81%) with 1.6 false positives per scan. CONCLUSION: The experimental results indicate that our CAD scheme with its two key techniques can achieve a relatively high performance for nodules presenting large variations in size, shape, and pattern.     

Effect of diet on dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate toxicity in rats.

Young male albino rats (120+/-5 g) were kept for 30 d on the following synthetic diets--High Protein Diet (HPD): 59% casein; Low Protein Diet (LPD): 5% casein; High Fat Diet (HFD): 51% fat; and Standard Diet (SD); 19% casein, 11% fat, and 60% sucrose. Composition of diet per se did not significantly affect plasma and RBC cholinesterase (ChE) activity, Mortality of animals on different diets, due to administration of DDVP (Vapona, dichlorovos) 50 mg/kg i.p. was: SD: 37%; HPD: 26.5%, LPD: 53%; and HFD: 44%. Plasma ChE inhibition after 24 h of DDVP administration (in surviving animals) was SD: 42%; HPD: 52%; LPD: 55%; and HFD: 47%. Erythrocyte ChE inhibition was 40% in SD, HPD, and HFD and 60% in the LPD rats. Five days following DDVP administration, plasma ChE was normal and erythrocyte ChE was still significantly increased and erythrocyte ChE was normal.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of imaging in acute cholecystitis

Purpose: To update previously summarized estimates of diagnostic accuracy for acute cholecystitis and to obtain summary estimates for more recently introduced modalities. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases up to March 2011 to identify studies about evaluation of imaging modalities in patients who were suspected of having acute cholecystitis. Inclusion criteria were explicit criteria for a positive test result, surgery and/or follow-up as the reference standard, and sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 table. Studies about evaluation of predominantly acalculous cholecystitis in intensive care unit patients were excluded. Bivariate random-effects modeling was used to obtain summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Fifty-seven studies were included, with evaluation of 5859 patients. Sensitivity of cholescintigraphy (96%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94%, 97%) was significantly higher than sensitivity of ultrasonography (US) (81%; 95% CI: 75%, 87%) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (85%; 95% CI: 66%, 95%). There were no significant differences in specificity among cholescintigraphy (90%; 95% CI: 86%, 93%), US (83%; 95% CI: 74%, 89%) and MR imaging (81%; 95% CI: 69%, 90%). Only one study about evaluation of computed tomography (CT) met the inclusion criteria; the reported sensitivity was 94% (95% CI: 73%, 99%) at a specificity of 59% (95% CI: 42%, 74%). Conclusion: Cholescintigraphy has the highest diagnostic accuracy of all imaging modalities in detection of acute cholecystitis. The diagnostic accuracy of US has a substantial margin of error, comparable to that of MR imaging, while CT is still underevaluated. ? RSNA, 2012 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12111561/-/DC1.     

Functional MR imaging: comparison of BOLD signal intensity changes in fetal organs with fetal and maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation during hypoxia in sheep

PURPOSE: To compare relative changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity in the fetal brain, liver, heart, lungs, and cotyledon with maternal and fetal blood oxygenation during maternal hypoxia in sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by local authorities on animal protection. Six anesthetized ewes carrying singleton fetuses underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with rapid single-shot echo-planar imaging BOLD sequence. BOLD imaging of the fetal brain, lungs, liver, heart, and cotyledon was performed during a control phase (ie, normoxia) and a hypoxic phase. Maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation was recorded continuously with pulse oximetry. Fetal blood samples were obtained with a carotid catheter at each phase. Regions of interest were placed in fetal organs. Normalized BOLD signal intensity was calculated with mean values of control and hypoxic plateaus. BOLD signal intensity was correlated with maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation; linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Control maternal and fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation values were 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%, 100%) and 62% (95% CI: 51%, 73%), respectively. During hypoxia, maternal and fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation values decreased to 75% (95% CI: 65%, 85%) and 23% (95% CI: 17%, 29%), respectively. Fetal BOLD signal intensity decreased to 81% (95% CI: 73%, 88%) in the cerebrum, 78% (95% CI: 67%, 89%) in the cerebellum, 83% (95% CI: 80%, 86%) in the lungs, 58% (95% CI: 33%, 84%) in the liver, 53% (95% CI: 43%, 64%) in the heart, and 71% (95% CI: 48%, 94%) in the cotyledon. Correlation of fetal BOLD signal intensity was stronger with fetal (r = 0.91) than with maternal (r = 0.68) oxyhemoglobin saturation; however, the difference was not significant. The highest slope values were obtained for the heart: 1.68% BOLD signal intensity increase per 1% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation (95% CI: 1.58, 1.77) and 1.04% BOLD signal intensity increase per 1% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation (95% CI: 0.94, 1.13). CONCLUSION: BOLD MR imaging can be used to measure changes of oxyhemoglobin saturation in fetal organs during hypoxia. The liver and heart demonstrated the greatest signal intensity decreases during hypoxia.     

Mammography in 53,803 women from the New Hampshire mammography network

PURPOSE: To describe measures of mammography performance in a geographically defined population and evaluate the interpreter's use of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammographic data from 47,651 screening and 6,152 diagnostic examinations from November 1, 1996, to October 31, 1997, were linked to 1,572 pathologic results. Mammographic outcomes were based on BI-RADS assessments and recommendations reported by the interpreting radiologist. The consistency of BI-RADS recommendations was evaluated. RESULTS: Screening mammography had a sensitivity of 72.4% (95% CI: 66.4%, 78.4%), specificity of 97.3% (95% CI: 97.25%, 97.4%), and positive predictive value of 10.6% (95% CI: 9.1%, 12.2%). Diagnostic mammography had higher sensitivity, 78.1% (95% CI: 71.9%, 84.3%); lower specificity, 89.3% (95% CI: 88.5%, 90.1%); and better positive predictive value, 17.1% (95% CI: 14.5%, 19.8%). The cancer detection rate with screening mammography was 3.3 per 1,000 women, with a biopsy yield of 22.4%, whereas the interval cancer rate was 1. 2 per 1,000. Nearly 80% of screening-detected invasive malignancies were node negative. The recall rate for screening mammography was 8. 3%. Ultrasonography was used in 3.5% of screening and 17.5% of diagnostic examinations. BI-RADS recommendations were generally consistent, except for probably benign assessments. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of screening mammography in this population-based sample is lower than expected, although other performance indicators are commendable. BI-RADS "probably benign" assessments are commonly misused.     

US or CT for Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children and Adults? A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric and adult populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical literature (from 1986 to 2004) was searched for articles on studies that used US, CT, or both as diagnostic tests for appendicitis in children (26 studies, 9356 patients) or adults (31 studies, 4341 patients). Prospective and retrospective studies were included if they separately reported the rate of true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative diagnoses of appendicitis from US and CT findings compared with the positive and negative rates of appendicitis at surgery or follow-up. Clinical variables, technical factors, and test performance were extracted. Three readers assessed the quality of studies. RESULTS: Pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of appendicitis in children were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%, 90%) and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 95%), respectively, for US studies and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 97%) and 95% (95% CI: 94%, 97%), respectively, for CT studies. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis in adults were 83% (95% CI: 78%, 87%) and 93% (95% CI: 90%, 96%), respectively, for US studies and 94% (95% CI: 92%, 95%) and 94% (95% CI: 94%, 96%), respectively, for CT studies. CONCLUSION: From the diagnostic performance perspective, CT had a significantly higher sensitivity than did US in studies of children and adults; from the safety perspective, however, one should consider the radiation associated with CT, especially in children.     

Computer-aided detection in breast MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

To evaluate the additional value of computer-aided detection (CAD) in breast MRI by assessing radiologists?? accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions.

Methods

A literature search was performed with inclusion of relevant studies using a commercially available CAD system with automatic colour mapping. Two independent researchers assessed the quality of the studies. The accuracy of the radiologists?? performance with and without CAD was presented as pooled sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Of 587 articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria, all of good methodological quality. Experienced radiologists reached comparable pooled sensitivity and specificity before and after using CAD (sensitivity: without CAD: 89%; 95% CI: 78?C94%, with CAD: 89%; 95%CI: 81?C94%) (specificity: without CAD: 86%; 95% CI: 79?C91%, with CAD: 82%; 95% CI: 76?C87%). For residents the pooled sensitivity increased from 72% (95% CI: 62?C81%) without CAD to 89% (95% CI: 80?C94%) with CAD, however, not significantly. Concerning specificity, the results were similar (without CAD: 79%; 95% CI: 69?C86%, with CAD: 78%; 95% CI: 69?C84%).

Conclusions

CAD in breast MRI has little influence on the sensitivity and specificity of experienced radiologists and therefore their interpretation remains essential. However, residents or inexperienced radiologists seem to benefit from CAD concerning breast MRI evaluation.